Complete Works of William Morris, page 597
ENDNOTES:
(1) The original has “raudu manna blodi”, red-dyed in the blood
of men; the Sagaman’s original error in dealing with the
word “Valaript” in the corresponding passage of the short
lay of Sigurd. — Tr.
CHAPTER XXXIII. Gudrun wedded to Atli.
Now so it is, that whoso heareth these tidings sayeth, that no such an one as was Sigurd was left behind him in the world, nor ever was such a man brought forth because of all the worth of him, nor may his name ever minish by eld in the Dutch Tongue nor in all the Northern Lands, while the world standeth fast.
The story tells that, on a day, as Gudrun sat in her bower, she fell to saying, “Better was life in those days when I had Sigurd; he who was far above other men as gold is above iron, or the leek over other grass of the field, or the hart over other wild things; until my brethren begrudged me such a man, the first and best of all men; and so they might not sleep or they had slain him. Huge clamour made Grani when he saw his master and lord sore wounded, and then I spoke to him even as with a man, but he fell drooping down to the earth, for he knew that Sigurd was slain.”
Thereafter Gudrun gat her gone into the wild woods, and heard on all ways round about her the howling of wolves, and deemed death a merrier thing than life. Then she went till she came to the hall of King Alf, and sat there in Denmark with Thora, the daughter of Hakon, for seven seasons, and abode with good welcome. And she set forth her needlework before her, and did thereinto many deeds and great, and fair plays after the fashion of those days, swords and byrnies, and all the gear of kings, and the ship of King Sigmund sailing along the land; yea, and they wrought there, how they fought, Sigar and Siggeir, south in Fion. Such was their disport; and now Gudrun was somewhat solaced of her grief.
So Grimhild comes to hear where Gudrun has take up her abode, and she calls her sons to talk with her, and asks whether they will make atonement to Gudrun for her son and her husband, and said that it was but meet and right to do so.
Then Gunnar spake, and said that he would atone for her sorrows with gold.
So they send for their friends, and array their horses, their helms, and their shields, and their byrnies, and all their war-gear; and their journey was furnished forth in the noblest wise, and no champion who was of the great men might abide at home; and their horses were clad in mail-coats, and every knight of them had his helm done over with gold or with silver.
Grimhild was of their company, for she said that their errand would never be brought fairly to pass if she sat at home.
There were well five hundred men, and noble men rode with them. There was Waldemar of Denmark, and Eymod and Jarisleif withal. So they went into the hall of King Alf, and there abode them the Longbeards and Franks, and Saxons: they fared with all their war-gear, and had over them red fur-coats. Even as the song says —
“Byrnies short cut,
Strong helms hammered,
Girt with good swords,
Red hair gleaming.”
They were fain to choose good gifts for their sister, and spake softly to her, but in none of them would she trow. Then Gunnar brought unto her a drink mingled with hurtful things, and this she must needs drink, and with the drinking thereof she had no more memory of their guilt against her.
But in that drink was blended the might of the earth and the sea with the blood of her son; and in that horn were all letters cut and reddened with blood, as is said hereunder —
“On the horn’s face were there
All the kin of letters
Cut aright and reddened,
How should I rede them rightly?
The ling-fish long
Of the land of Hadding,
Wheat-ears unshorn,
And wild things’ inwards.
In that beer were mingled
Many ills together,
Blood of all the wood
And brown-burnt acorns,
The black dew of the hearth,
The God-doomed dead beast’s inwards,
And the swine’s liver sodden
Because all wrongs that deadens.
And so now, when their hearts are brought anigh to each other, great cheer they made: then came Grimhild to Gudrun, and spake:
“All hail to thee, daughter! I give thee gold and all kinds of good things to take to thee after thy father, dear-bought rings and bed-gear of the maids of the Huns, the most courteous and well dight of all women; and thus is thy husband atoned for: and thereafter shalt thou be given to Atli, the mighty king, and be mistress of all his might. Cast not all thy friends aside for one man’s sake, but do according to our bidding.”
Gudrun answers, “Never will I wed Atli the King: unseemly it is for us to get offspring betwixt us.”
Grimhild says, “Nourish not thy wrath; it shall be to thee as if Sigurd and Sigmund were alive when thou hast borne sons.”
Gudrun says, “I cannot take my heart from thoughts of him, for he was the first of all men.”
Grimhild says, “So it is shapen that thou must have this king and none else.”
Says Gudrun, “Give not this man to me, for an evil thing shall come upon thy kin from him, and to his own sons shall he deal evil, and be rewarded with a grim revenge thereafter.”
Then waxed Grimhild fell at those words, and spake, “Do even as we bid thee, and take therefore great honour, and our friendship, and the steads withal called Vinbjorg and Valbjorg.”
And such might was in the words of her, that even so must it come to pass.
Then Gudrun spake, “Thus then must it needs befall, howsoever against the will of me, and for little joy shall it be and for great grief.”
Then men leaped on their horses, and their women were set in wains. So they fared four days a-riding and other four a-shipboard, and yet four more again by land and road, till at the last they came to a certain high-built hall; then came to meet Gudrun many folk thronging; and an exceedingly goodly feast was there made, even as the word had gone between either kin, and it passed forth in most proud and stately wise. And at that feast drinks Atli his bridal with Gudrun; but never did her heart laugh on him, and little sweet and kind was their life together.
CHAPTER XXXIV. Atli bids the Giukings to him.
Now tells the tale that on a night King Atli woke from sleep and spake to Gudrun —
“Medreamed,” said he, “that thou didst thrust me through with a sword.”
Then Gudrun areded the dream, and said that it betokened fire, whenas folk dreamed of iron. “It befalls of thy pride belike, in that thou deemest thyself the first of men.”
Atli said, “Moreover I dreamed that here waxed two sorb-tree (1) saplings, and fain I was that they should have no scathe of me; then these were riven up by the roots and reddened with blood, and borne to the bench, and I was bidden eat thereof.
“Yea, yet again I dreamed that two hawks flew from my hand hungry and unfed, and fared to hell, and meseemed their hearts were mingled with honey, and that I ate thereof.
“And then again I dreamed that two fair whelps lay before me yelling aloud, and that the flesh of them I ate, though my will went not with the eating.”
Gudrun says, “Nowise good are these dreams, yet shall they come to pass; surely thy sons are nigh to death, and many heavy things shall fall upon us.”
“Yet again I dreamed,” said he, “and methought I lay in a bath, and folk took counsel to slay me.”
Now these things wear away with time, but in nowise was their life together fond.
Now falls Atli to thinking of where may be gotten that plenteous gold which Sigurd had owned, but King Gunnar and his brethren were lords thereof now.
Atli was a great king and mighty, wise, and a lord of many men; and now he falls to counsel with his folk as to the ways of them. He wotted well that Gunnar and his brethren had more wealth than any others might have, and so he falls to the rede of sending men to them, and bidding them to a great feast, and honouring them in diverse wise, and the chief of those messengers was hight Vingi.
Now the queen wots of their conspiring, and misdoubts her that this would mean some beguiling of her brethren: so she cut runes, and took a gold ring, and knit therein a wolf’s hair, and gave it into the hands of the king’s messengers.
Thereafter they go their ways according to the king’s bidding; and or ever they came aland Vingi beheld the runes, and turned them about in such wise as if Gudrun prayed her brethren in her runes to go meet King Atli.
Thereafter they came to the hall of King Gunnar, and had good welcome at his hands, and great fires were made for them, and in great joyance they drank of the best of drink.
Then spake Vingi, “King Atli sends me hither, and is fain that ye go to his house and home in all glory, and take of him exceeding honours, helms and shields, swords and byrnies, gold and goodly raiment, horses, hosts of war, and great and wide lands, for, saith he, he is fainest of all things to bestow his realm and lordship upon you.”
Then Gunnar turned his head aside, and spoke to Hogni —
“In what wise shall we take this bidding? might and wealth he bids us take; but no kings know I who have so much gold as we have, whereas we have all the hoard which lay once on Gnitaheath; and great are our chambers, and full of gold, and weapons for smiting, and all kinds of raiment of war, and well I wot that amidst all men my horse is the best, and my sword the sharpest, and my gold the most glorious.”
Hogni answers, “A marvel is it to me of his bidding, for seldom hath he done in such a wise, and ill-counselled will it be to wend to him; lo now, when I saw those dear-bought things the king sends us I wondered to behold a wolf’s hair knit to a certain gold ring; belike Gudrun deems him to be minded as a wolf towards us, and will have naught of our faring.”
But withal Vingi shows him the runes which he said Gudrun had sent.
Now the most of folk go to bed, but these drank on still with certain others; and Kostbera, the wife of Hogni, the fairest of women, came to them, and looked on the runes.
But the wife of Gunnar was Glaumvor, a great-hearted wife.
So these twain poured out, and the kings drank, and were exceeding drunken, and Vingi notes it, and says —
“Naught may I hide that King Atli is heavy of foot and over-old for the warding of his realm; but his sons are young and of no account: now will he give you rule over his realms while they are yet thus young, and most fain will he be that ye have the joy thereof before all others.”
Now so it befell both that Gunnar was drunk, and that great dominion was held out to him, nor might he work against the fate shapen for him; so he gave his word to go, and tells Hogni his brother thereof.
But he answered, “Thy word given must even stand now, nor will I fail to follow thee, but most loth am I to this journey.”
ENDNOTES:
(1) Service-tree; “pyrus sorbus domestica”, or “p. s.
tormentalis.
CHAPTER XXXV. The Dreams of the Wives of the Giukings.
So when men had drunk their fill, they fared to sleep; then falls Kostbera to beholding the runes, and spelling over the letters, and sees that beneath were other things cut, and that the runes are guileful; yet because of her wisdom she had skill to read them aright. So then she goes to bed by her husband; but when they awoke, she spake unto Hogni —
“Thou art minded to wend away from home — ill-counselled is that; abide till another time! Scarce a keen reader of runes art thou, if thou deemest thou hast beheld in them the bidding of thy sister to this journey: lo, I read the runes, and had marvel of so wise a woman as Gudrun is, that she should have miscut them; but that which lieth underneath beareth your bane with it, — yea, either she lacked a letter, or others have dealt guilefully with the runes.
“And now hearken to my dream; for therein methought there fell in upon us here a river exceeding strong, and brake up the timbers of the hall.”
He answered, “Full oft are ye evil of mind, ye women, but for me, I was not made in such wise as to meet men with evil who deserve no evil; belike he will give us good welcome.”
She answered, “Well, the thing must ye yourselves prove, but no friendship follows this bidding: — but yet again I dreamed that another river fell in here with a great and grimly rush, and tore up the dais of the hall, and brake the legs of both you brethren; surely that betokeneth somewhat.”
He answers, “Meadows along our way, whereas thou didst dream of the river; for when we go through the meadows, plentifully doth the seeds of the hay hang about our legs.”
“Again I dreamed,” she says, “that thy cloak was afire, and that the flame blazed up above the hall.”
Says he, “Well, I wot what that shall betoken; here lieth my fair-dyed raiment, and it shall burn and blaze, whereas thou dreamedst of the cloak.”
“Methought a bear came in,” she says, “and brake up the king’s high-seat, and shook his paws in such a wise that we were all adrad thereat, and he gat us all together into the mouth of him, so that we might avail us naught, and thereof fell great horror on us.”
He answered, “Some great storm will befall, whereas thou hadst a white bear in thy mind.”
“An erne methought came in,” she says, “and swept adown the hall, and drenched me and all of us with blood, and ill shall that betoken, for methought it was the double of King Atli.”
He answered, “Full oft do we slaughter beasts freely, and smite down great neat for our cheer, and the dream of the erne has but to do with oxen; yea, Atli is heart-whole toward us.”
And therewithal they cease this talk.
CHAPTER XXXVI. Of the Journey of the Giukings to King Atli.
Now tells the tale of Gunnar, that in the same wise it fared with him; for when they awoke, Glaumvor his wife told him many dreams which seemed to her like to betoken guile coming; but Gunnar areded them all in other wise.
“This was one of them,” said she; “methought a bloody sword was borne into the hall here, wherewith thou wert thrust through, and at either end of that sword wolves howled.”
The king answered, “Cur dogs shall bite me belike; blood-stained weapons oft betoken dogs’ snappings.”
She said, “Yet again I dreamed — that women came in, heavy and drooping, and chose thee for their mate; may-happen these would be thy fateful women.”
He answered, “Hard to arede is this, and none may set aside the fated measure of his days, nor is it unlike that my time is short.” (1)
So in the morning they arose, and were minded for the journey, but some letted them herein.
Then cried Gunnar to the man who is called Fjornir —
“Arise, and give us to drink goodly wine from great tuns, because mayhappen this shall be very last of all our feasts; for belike if we die the old wolf shall come by the gold, and that bear shall nowise spare the bite of his war-tusks.”
Then all the folk of his household brought them on their way weeping.
The son of Hogni said —
“Fare ye well with merry tide.”
The more part of their folk were left behind; Solar and Snaevar, the sons of Hogni, fared with them, and a certain great champion, named Orkning, who was the brother of Kostbera.
So folk followed them down to the ships, and all letted them of their journey, but attained to naught therein.
Then spake Glaumvor, and said —
“O Vingi, most like that great ill hap will come of thy coming, and mighty and evil things shall betide in thy travelling.”
He answered, “Hearken to my answer; that I lie not aught: and may the high gallows and all things of grame have me, if I lie one word!”
Then cried Kostbera, “Fare ye well with merry days.”
And Hogni answered, “Be glad of heart, howsoever it may fare with us!”
And therewith they parted, each to their own fate. Then away they rowed, so hard and fast, that well-nigh the half of the keel slipped away from the ship, and so hard they laid on to the oars that thole and gunwale brake.
But when they came aland they made their ship fast, and then they rode awhile on their noble steeds through the murk wild-wood.
And now they behold the king’s army, and huge uproar, and the clatter of weapons they hear from thence; and they see there a mighty host of men, and the manifold array of them, even as they wrought there: and all the gates of the burg were full of men.
So they rode up to the burg, and the gates thereof were shut; then Hogni brake open the gates, and therewith they ride into the burg.
Then spake Vingi, “Well might ye have left this deed undone; go to now, bide ye here while I go seek your gallows-tree! Softly and sweetly I bade you hither, but an evil thing abode thereunder; short while to bide ere ye are tied up to that same tree!”
Hogni answered, “None the more shall we waver for that cause; for little methinks have we shrunk aback whenas men fell to fight; and naught shall it avail thee to make us afeard, — and for an ill fate hast thou wrought.”
And therewith they cast him down to earth, and smote him with their axe-hammers till he died.
ENDNOTES:
(1) Parallel beliefs to those in the preceding chapters, and
elsewhere in this book, as to spells, dreams, drinks, etc.,
among the English people may be found in “Leechdoms,
Wortcunning, and Starcraft of the Anglo-Saxons; being a
collection of Documents illustrating the History of Science
in this Country before the Norman Conquest”. Ed: Rev. T. O.
Cockayne, M.A. (3 vols.) Longmans, London, 1864, 8vo.
