Democratic Justice, page 116
240
Minnesota law: Home Building & Loan Ass’n v. Blaisdell, 290 U.S. 398 (1934).
240
milk prices & “in the public”: Nebbia v. New York, 291 U.S. 502, 515, 530 (1934).
240
Marion was struck: FF to LDB, 8/31/[1934], at 1–2, FFLC, Box 29.
240
American Liberty League: Jared A. Goldstein, “The American Liberty League and the Rise of Constitutional Nationalism,” 86 Temp. L. Rev. 287 (2014).
240
“irrepressible”: FF to LDB, 8/31/[1934], at 1–2, FFLC, Box 29.
240
pressing policy issues: Id. at 2–4.
241
Hutcheson & “best man”: Id. at 4–5.
241
Moley: FF to LDB, 7/24/1934, FFLC, Box 29.
241
Corcoran & Cohen & Joseph Kennedy: FF to TGC, n.d., at 1–5, TGC, Box 638; FF to LDB, 7/29/1934, FFLC, Box 29.
241
Margold: FF to LDB, 8/24/[1934], at 2, FFLC, Box 29.
241
Wyzanski & Siegel & “the whole Jewish”: FF to LDB, 8/8/[1934], at 1–2, id.
241
“put to him”: FF to LDB, 8/4/1934, id.
241
“a government” & “expert”: NYTM, 9/30/1934, at 3–4.
242
Pound had praised: Paris Herald, 8/4/1934, FFLC, Box 90.
242
accepted: FF, “Memorandum of Conversation with Pound and President Conant regarding an invitation from Pound,” 9/14/1934, at 1–3, id.
242
“attend” & accused: FF to RP, 9/14/1934, id. See RP to FF, 9/14/1934, id.; FF to RP, 9/15/1934, id.; RP Diary Entry, 9/17/1934, RPP, Pt. II, Reel 41, Page 509; JWM to RP, 9/18/1934, at 1–2, RPP, Pt. III, Reel 78, Pages 642–43; Bruce A. Kimball & Daniel R. Coquillette, The Intellectual Sword, 257–67 (2020); Peter Rees, “Nathan Roscoe Pound and the Nazis,” 60 B.C. L. Rev. 1313 (2009).
242
anti-Semitism: FF to MRC, 6/6/1933, MRCP, Box 5, Folder 9.
242
David Riesman: RP to FF, 1/31/1934, FFLC, Box 118; FF to Magruder, 2/13/1934, id.; Magruder to FF, 2/24/1934, id.; Magruder to FF, 3/7/1934, at 1, id.; FF to RP, 4/23/1934, id.; RP to FF, 5/4/1934, id.; RP to FF, 5/8/1934, id.; FF to RP, 5/14/1934, id.; FF to JWM, 5/16/1934, at 3–4, id.; RP to FF, 6/28/1934, FFLC, Box 90; FF, “Minutes of Conversation with R.P.,” 9/21/1934, at 1, id.
242
Willard Hurst: Willard Hurst to Joseph H. Willits, 3/20/1957, at 2, Hurst Papers, Box 3, Folder 20 (describing Pound as “a great disappointment” and Harvard Law School as “an intellectually stodgy place” except for FF, Thomas Reed Powell, Henry Hart, and a few others); Kimball & Coquillette, Intellectual Sword, 272–76, 281–82.
243
single lunch: FDR Day By Day, 10/24/1934; id., 10/25/1935.
243
stayed overnight: FDR Day by Day, 12/16/1934.
243
missed: FF to FDR, 1/4/1935 tel., R&FF, 249; FF to FDR, 1/6/1935, id. at 249–50.
243
legislation & fascism: FDR, State of the Union, 1/4/1935, FDRL, MSF, Box 20, No. 759.
243
oil refiner & guidelines & factual findings: Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan, 293 U.S. 388, 411–12, 430–33 (1935).
243
“really” & “a good”: LDB-FF Conversations, “Gold Clause,” at 1–2, LDBHLS, Pt. II, Reel 33, Pages 360–61. On Stephens’s argument, CT, 12/11/1934, at 1, 14; WP, 12/11/1934, at 1, 11; NYHT, 12/12/1934, at 1, 6; CT, 12/12/1934, at 7; Daniel R. Ernst, Tocqueville’s Nightmare, 57–59 (2014).
243
exceeded: FF to CEW, 1/22/1935, FFLC, Box 113.
244
“truly A-1”: FF to TGC, n.d., at 5, TGCP, Box 638.
244
“so completely”: LDB-FF Conversations, “Gold Clauses,” at 1, LDBHLS, Pt. II, Reel 33, Page 362.
244
refused to comply: “FDR Proposed Statement re Gold Clause,” 2/18/1935, FDRL, MSF, Box 21, No. 768 (with FDR handwritten notation); Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Diaries, 2/13/1935, Book 3, Pt. 2, Page 235, Morgenthau Papers (recounting 2/11/1935 conversation with FDR and referring to JPK’s reaction); Sebastian Edwards, American Default, 167–69 (2018); Gerard N. Magliocca, “The Gold Clause Cases and Constitutional Necessity,” 64 Fla. L. Rev. 1243, 1259–65 (2012).
244
decisions: Perry v. United States, 294 U.S. 330 (1935); Nortz v. United States, 294 U.S. 317 (1935); Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio R.R. Co., 294 U.S. 240 (1935).
244
“The Constitution” & “This is”: NYDN, 2/19/1935, at 5.
244
mocked the New Deal: BG, 8/27/1934, at 4. See Barry Cushman, “The Secret Lives of the Four Horsemen,” 83 Va. L. Rev. 559 (1997).
244
“really impressive”: LDB to FF, 2/24/1935, HBHS, at 562.
244
early 1935 meeting: TGC Int. with Harry Hopkins, 4/3/1939, at 1, Hopkins Papers/Sherwood Collection, Box 299, Folder 6.
245
“in surprisingly”: FF to LDB, 10/2/1934, FFLC, Box 29.
245
final surprise: FF to FDR, 1/24/1935, R&FF, 253; FDR to FF, 2/9/1935, id. at 255.
245
immediately: James Rowe to FF, 2/23/1935, FFLC, Box 145. See LDB to FF, 2/24/1935; FF to TGC, 2/26/1935, TGCP, Box 638.
245
“ebbing”: FF to MDF, 3/1/1935, at 2, FFLC, Box 14.
245
“Every”: FF to FB, 3/14/1935, FBP-GU, Box 9, Folder 69; FB to NYSun, 3/19/1935, id.
245
“everybody” & “oh” & president & Cardozo & Stimson: FF to MDF, 3/4/1935, at 1–4, FFLC, Box 14.
245
bedside: WES, 3/6/1935, at A-1, A-5.
245
president’s request: FF to MDF, 3/4/1935, at 4.
245
unforgettable dinner: FF to MDF, 3/10/1935, at 2, FFLC, Box 14; FDR Day by Day, 3/7/1935.
245
visited Brandeis: LDB to FF, 3/12/1935, HBHS, at 563.
245
“too stricken”: NYHT, 3/9/1935, at 10.
245–246
Marion never: EGE to AGB, 4/4/1935, at 3, EGEP, Reel 2, Folder 35.
246
11:45 a.m.: FDR Day by Day, 3/8/1935; Photograph, 3/8/1935, LC P&P, LC-H21-C-384.
246
hat off & bugler: Photograph, 3/8/1935, LC P&P, LC-H2-B-7174.
246
rain & sleet & walked: John Knox, “Some Correspondence with Holmes and Pollock,” Chicago Bar Record, 3/1940, at 224, in John Knox Papers, Box 1, Folder 53; FDR Day by Day, 3/8/1935; Brad Snyder, The House of Truth, 574–77 (2017); G. Edward White, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, 471–75, 488 (1993); John S. Monagan, The Grand Panjandrum, 144–47 (1988).
246
“And I”: FF to FDR, 3/7/1935, R&FF, 257 (emphasis in original).
246
he published: FF, Mr. Justice Holmes and the Supreme Court (1938).
246
was proudest: FF to Harris E. Starr, 3/19/1943, FFLC, Box 207; FF, “Sketch of the Life of Oliver Wendell Holmes,” Dictionary of American Biography, Vol. XXI, Supp. 1 (1943), id.
246
“the most influential” & “passionate”: FF, “Mr. Justice Holmes,” 48 Harv. L. Rev. 1279, 1280 (1935)
246
“eyes blaze”: FF to MDF, 3/25/1935, at 2, FFLC, Box 14.
246
private conversation: TGC Int. with Harry Hopkins, 4/3/1939, at 1, Hopkins Papers/Sherwood Collection, Box 299, Folder 6 (placing it in early 1935); LDB-FF Conversations, “Gold Clause,” at 1–2, LDBHLS, Pt. II, Reel 33, Pages 360–61; “Gold Clauses,” at 1, id. at 362.
247
dismissed the appeal: NYT, 3/26/1935, at 1; United States v. Belcher, 294 U.S. 736 (Apr. 1, 1935).
247
Richberg urged: Richberg to FDR, 4/3/1935 tel., Richberg Papers LC, Box 45.
247
Brooklyn butchers: NYT, 4/5/1935, at 1; United States v. A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp., 76 F.2d 617 (2d Cir. 1935).
247
Corcoran wired & Roosevelt’s message: FF, “Memorandum for the President,” n.d., FFLC, Box 98; FF to LDB, 4/13/1935, FFLC, Box 29; TGC Int. with Harry Hopkins, 4/3/1939, at 1–2; R&FF, 259–60.
247
weakness: HID, 12/17/1934, HI, The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes: The First Thousand Days, 1933–1936, 247 (1953).
247
recommending: FF to HSC, 7/7/1935 tel., FFLC, Box 149; HMS to FF, 9/16/1933, at 1–2, id.
247
Abe Feller: Feller to FF, 2/2/1935, id.; FF to Feller, 2/23/1935, id.
247
Harry Shulman: HMS to FF, 2/19/1935, id.; FF to HMS, 2/21/1935, id.; HMS to FF, 4/15/1935, id.; FF to HMS, 4/24/1935, id.
247
solicitor general: SFR to FF, 3/18/1935, FFLC, Box 148; FF to LDB, 3/15/1935, FFLC, Box 29.
247
Reed agreed: FF to LDB, 4/4/1935, id.; PAF OH, 10/18/1982, at 00:58:28–:00:59:33, SFR OH.
248
purge: Daniel R. Ernst, “Mr. Try-It Goes to Washington,” 87 Fordham L. Rev. 1 (2019).
248
relayed: FF to FDR, 4/22/1935, R&FF, 261–62 (enclosing DKN to FF, 4/22/1935).
248
agreed to host: FDR to FF, 5/2/1934 tel., id. at 269; FF to FDR, 5/3/1935, id. at 269–70.
248
“to assert”: HID, 5/15/1935, HI, Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes: The First Thousand Days, 1933–1936, at 363.
248
big success: FF to FDR, 5/16/1935, R&FF at 271.
248
overnight guest: FF to MDF, 5/14/1935, FFLC, Box 14; FDR Day by Day, 5/14/1935.
248
“bad advice”: FF to LDB, 5/22/1935, at 2, FFLC, Box 29.
248
Freund wrote: FF to PAF, 5/3/1935, FFLC, Box 149.
248
“stumbling”: FF to SFR, 5/4/1935, id.
248
“made my”: SFR to FF, 5/7/1935, id.
248
pension system: Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton RR Co., 295 U.S. 330, 360 (1935); id. at 375 (Hughes, C.J., dissenting).
249
“an ingrained” & “we’d be”: FF to LDB, 5/24/1935, at 1, FFLC, Box 29.
249
“without precedent”: A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495, 541 (1935).
249
“running” & “the distinction”: Id. at 553–4 (Cardozo, J., concurring).
249
just compensation: Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford, 295 U.S. 555, 601–2 (1935).
249
“quasi-judicial”: Humphrey’s Executor v. United States, 295 U.S. 602, 629 (1935).
249–250
“visibly” & “You have” & “Make sure”: BVC, Memorandum, 5/27/1935, FFLC, Box 28 & BVCP, Box 20.
250
boarded & 6:30 p.m.: FF to FDR, 5/27/1935 tel., R&FF, 272; FDR Day by Day, 5/28/1935.
250
“the Supreme Court vs.”: FF to FDR, 5/29/1935, R&FF, 272–73.
250
he urged: HSCD, 5/29/1935, HSCP, Reel 1; FF to LDB, 6/3/1935, at 1–2, FFLC, Box 29.
250
prioritized & “false”: FF to FDR, 5/30/1935, R&FF, 273–75.
250
Second New Deal: Basil Rauch, The History of the New Deal 1933–1938 (1944); Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Age of Roosevelt: The Politics of Upheaval (1960); Leuchtenburg, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal; David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear (1999).
250
“horse”: FDR, Press Conference, 5/31/1935, at 7, 28, FDRL, Press Conference, Ser. 1, No. 209; NYT, 6/1/1935, at 1, 6.
251
off guard: FF to LDB, 6/3/1935, at 1.
251
joined him: FDR Day by Day, 5/30/1935.
251
“a Jeffersonian”: John J. Burns to FF, 3/1/1935, FFLC, Box 28.
251
admired: FF to LDB, 6/3/1935, at 2–3.
251
“heartbroken”: HID, 11/13/1935, HI, Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes: The First Thousand Days, 1933–1936, at 467.
251
nineteen nights: FDR Day by Day, 6/6/1935; id., 6/7/1935 (departed); id., 6/13/1935 (overnight guest two days); id., 6/15/1935 (departed); id., 6/16/1935 (arrived); id., 6/17/1935; id., 6/18/1935; id., 6/20/1935 (departed); id., 7/6/1935; id., 7/8/1935 (arrived); id., 7/11/1935 (picnic in Laurel at Ambassador Breckenridge Long’s); id., 7/16/1935 (arrived); id., 7/18/1935 (departed); id., 7/22/1935 (arrived); id., 7/24/1935 (departed); id., 7/26/1935 (departed); id, 7/30/1935 (arrived); id., 7/31/1935 (Sugarloaf Mountain picnic); id., 8/2/1935 (departed); id., 8/6/1935 (arrived); id., 8/9/1935 (departed); id., 8/13/1935 (arrived); id., 8/24/1935 (dinner); id., 8/25/1935 (Sequoia cruise); id., 9/1/1935 (departed).
251
“almost”: MDF to IB, 6/23/1935, at 6, IBP, Box 104, #88.
251
“Well”: MDF to FF, 8/6/1935, at 5, FFLC, Box 15.
252
“conferring”: WashHerald, 7/25/1935, in TGCP, Box 638.
252
Critics: CT, 7/24/1935, at 4 (Amos Pinchot’s open letter to FF).
252
“showing”: FF to LDB, 6/14/1935, at 1–2, FFLC, Box 29. See HSCD, 6/13/1935, HSCP, Reel 1.
252
moral character: MDF to FF, 7/7/1935, at 8–9, FFLC, Box 14.
252
cleared his name: FF to LDB, 7/17/1935, at 1–2, FFLC, Box 29.
252
reinforced: FF to MDF, 8/16/1935, at 2–5, FFLC, Box 15.
252
“stratagems”: FF to MDF, 8/18/1935, at 2, id.
252
“real fighting”: FF to MDF, 8/23/1935, at 2, id.
252
guided & learned: FF to MDF, 8/17/1935, at 3, FFLC, Box 15; FF to MDF, 8/18/1935, at 2–5, id.
252
“John” & “ ‘conservative’ ”: FF to MDF, 8/19/1935, at 3, id. See FF to MDF, 8/20/1935, at 1–4, id.; FF to MDF, 8/24/1935, at 1–4, id.
253
“Cardinal” & “alive” & “got almost”: FF to MDF, 8/27/1935, at 1–2, id.
253
“I’ll see”: FF to MDF, 8/31–9/1/1935, at 3, FFLC, Box 15.
253
Labor Day weekend: FF to MDF, 8/31–9/1/1935, at 1–2.
253
“on the theory” & “a sceptical” & “inside” & “great educational”: FF to MDF, 9/2/1935, at 2–4, FFLC, Box 15.
253–254
“almost squalid” & “resigned”: FF to MDF, 9/2/1935, at 1–2, 4.
254
Hyde Park: id.; FDR Day by Day, 9/1/1935.
254
“the heavily financed”: FF, “The Liberty League Supreme Court,” Today, 9/1935, in R&FF, 285–87.
254
Arthur Krock: NYT, 5/28/1935, at 21; NYT, 5/29/1935, at 20; NYT, 7/29/1935, at 14; Krock, Private Memorandum, 3/11/1955, Krock Papers, Box 26 (refusing to speak to FF after episode).
254
strategy of delay: FF to FWB, circa 11/29/1935, at 1–6, FFLC, Box 38; FWB to FF, 12/18/1935, id. (FF’s handwritten note).
254–255
“The professor” & “ ‘boys’ ” & “the Hot Dog Pressure” & “diverted” “the original” & “sound money” “infest[ing] & “delousing”: General Hugh S. Johnson, “Think Fast, Captain!” Saturday Evening Post, 10/26/1935, at 7, 85–86 (emphasis in original).
255
general counsel & heavy drinker: FF to LDB, 9/17/1934, FFLC, Box 29; FF to Alfred Cohn, 10/30/1935, R&FF, 288–91.
255
“man of the year”: Time, 1/1/1934; Jordan A. Schwarz, The New Dealers, 96–108 (1993).
255
never spoke: FF to LDB, 9/17/1934, FFLC, Box 29; FF to Alfred Cohn, 10/30/1935, R&FF, 288–91.
255
tied for first: 1919 Special Session, Grades, FFHLS, Pt. III, Reel 19, Page 636.
255
declined an offer: FF to MRC, 11/4/1935, MRCP, Box 5, Folder 8; Scott Donaldson, Archibald MacLeish (1992); William H. MacLeish, Uphill with Archie (2001).
256
“the most” & “this silent” & “the IAGO” & “The actual” & “No one” & “packed” & “has done”: “The Young Men Come to Washington,” 1/1936, Fortune, in R&FF, 303–10.
256
“whitewashed”: FF, Memorandum, 1/29/1936, TGCP, Box 638.
256
“well known”: AM to FF, 1/28/1936, id.
256
“a few”: FF, Memorandum, 1/29/1936, TGCP, Box 638.
257
reorganization & best lawyers: FF to MDF, 8/21/1935, at 2–3, FFLC, Box 15.
