Democratic Justice, page 103
ZCP
Zechariah Chafee Papers, Harvard Law School
NOTES
INTRODUCTION: A PRESIDENTIAL VISIT
1
5:00 p.m. & “off”: JFK Daily Log, 7/26/1962, JFKPOF, JFKL.
1
stroke: NYT, 4/6/1962, at 1, 23.
1
“cardiovascular”: NYT, 4/8/1962, at E8.
1
letters: FFLC, Box 124.
1
“to about”: MB to JFK, 7/26/1962, at 1, JFKPOF, 088a-011, at 17, JFKL.
1
“lived”: SNB to IB, 5/15/1962, at 1, IBP, Box 168, #229.
1
October: ED to PAF, 5/1/1962 & ED to PAF, 5/15/1962, FFHLS, Pt. III, Reel 38, Pages 298–99.
2
retire: MB to JFK, 7/26/1962, at 1.
2
July 7: ED to HF, 7/9/1962, Feis Papers, Box 34.
2
summoned: MB to JFK, 7/26/1962, at 1.
2
“all strongly” & “ ‘wary’ ” & “a man”: MB to JFK, 7/26/1962, at 1–2.
2
“a deeply”: MB to JFK, 7/26/1962, at 2.
2
briefing: JFK Daily Diary, 7/26/1962, at 2.
2
Georgetown set: Gregg Herken, The Georgetown Set (2014); Robert W. Merry, Taking on the World (1996).
2
vice presidency: Robert A. Caro, The Passage to Power, 129–38 (2012).
3
“Does anybody”: FF OH Pt. 1, 6/10/1964, at 3–5, JFKL.
3
“pro-Nixon”: PG to IB, 10/9/1960, at 2, IBP, Box 161, #38.
3
“simply”: ED to JMH, 7/24/1962, FFLC, Box 66 & FFHLS, Pt. III, Reel 1, Page 640.
3
details & “Chief of Protocol”: DA to RM, 8/14/1962, at 1–2, id., Reel 14 & Among Friends, 233–34 (David S. McLellan & David C. Acheson, eds. 1980).
3
skeptical: Walter Isaacson & Evan Thomas, The Wise Men, 590 (1986).
3
“stood up”: ED to JMH, 7/30/1962, at 1, FFLC, Box 66.
3
politics: DA, “The President’s Call on Justice Frankfurter,” at 1, in FF OH Pt. II, 6/19/1964, at 66 & FFHLS, Pt. III, Reel 38, Pages 302–7.
3
scant mention: NYT, 7/27/1962, at 22; WES, 7/27/1962, at A-9; Victor Riesel, “Inside Labor,” n.d., FFHLS, Pt. III, Reel 38, Page 301.
3
his own father: DA, “The President’s Call on Justice Frankfurter,” at 1 & FF OH Pt. 1, 6/10/1964, at 15.
3
“it seemed” & “fundamental” & “the basic” & “rooted”: DA, “The President’s Call on Justice Frankfurter,” at 1–2.
3–4
“most perplexing” & “many people”: Id. at 2–4.
4
“building” & “Democratic president” & “outside” & “with doubt” & “molder”: Id. at 4–5.
4
“greatness” & “conception” & “guidance” & “how they”: Id. at 5.
4
Matilda Williams & Ellen Smith: Andrew L. Kaufman, “The Justice and His Law Clerks,” in Felix Frankfurter: The Judge, 227–28 (Wallace Mendelson, ed. 1964).
4
household staff & “great honor”: DA, “The President’s Call on Justice Frankfurter,” at 5–6; FF to Bickel, 8/9/1962, at 2, FFHLS, Pt. III, Reel 32, Page 969.
4
August: ED to AMB, 8/3/1962, FFHLS, Pt. III, Reel 32, Page 967.
4
the visit of newly inaugurated: Brad Snyder, The House of Truth, 561–64 (2017).
4
“the wisest”: FDR to OWH, 3/8/1934, at 2, OWHP, Reel 40, Page 3, Box 52, Folder 20.
4
judicial failure: Michal R. Belknap, The Supreme Court under Earl Warren, 1953–1969, at 98 (2005) (describing FF as “an overrated judge who left a very limited judicial legacy” and whose “long-term influence on constitutional law was minimal”); Melvin I. Urofsky, Felix Frankfurter: Judicial Restraint and Individual Liberties, x (1991) (“A quarter-century after his death, his opinions are all but ignored by both the courts and academia.”); Mark Tushnet, “Antonin Scalia as Felix Frankfurter,” Balkinization, 8/19/2004, https://balkin.blogspot.com/2004/08/antonin-scalia-as-felix-frankfurter.html (“Frankfurter[’s] reputation has declined substantially—even from the time when I was a law student—to the point where he’s regarded, I think, as at most a moderately interesting failure.”); G. Edward White, “The Canonization of Holmes and Brandeis,” 70 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 576, 576 (1995) (describing FF as having “passed from revered to ridiculed status in two recent decades”); Michael E. Parrish, “Felix Frankfurter, the Progressive Tradition, and the Warren Court,” in The Warren Court in Historical and Political Perspective, 54 (Mark Tushnet, ed. 1993) (“There is now almost a universal consensus that Frankfurter the justice was a failure. . . . who . . . left little in the way of an enduring jurisprudential legacy”); Melvin I. Urofsky, “The Failure of Felix Frankfurter,” 26 U. Rich. L. Rev. 175, 176 (1991) (arguing FF was a failure because of his “abrasive personality” and “he became a prisoner of jurisprudential views that he had developed and solidified during his tenure as professor at the Harvard Law School”); Joseph P. Lash, “A Brahmin of the Law: A Biographical Essay,” in From the Diaries of Felix Frankfurter, 73 (Joseph P. Lash, ed. 1975) (describing FF’s refusal to privilege the protection of civil liberties as having “uncoupled him from the locomotive of history”).
5
former students: FF to PAF, 12/28/1962, FFHLS, Pt. III, Reel 38, Pages 317–18.
5
“Whether”: ToL, 11/15/1962, at 13. See Louis L. Jaffe, “The Judicial Universe of Mr. Justice Frankfurter, 62 Harv. L. Rev. 357, 357–58 (1949) (rejecting liberal or conservative label).
6
John Marshall: FF, “John Marshall and the Judicial Function,” 69 Harv. L. Rev. 217 (1955) in Felix Frankfurter on the Supreme Court, 533–57 (Phil Kurland, ed. 1970) & James Bradley Thayer et al., John Marshall (Phil Kurland, ed. 1967).
6
broad outline: McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316, 407 (4 Wheat 316) (1819).
6
reapportionment: Baker v. Carr, 360 U.S. 186, 266 (1962) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting).
6
“enter”: Colegrove v. Green, 328 U.S. 549, 556 (1946).
7
talent scout: Snyder, House of Truth; Brad Snyder, “The Judicial Genealogy (and Mythology) of John Roberts: Clerkships from Gray to Brandeis to Friendly to Roberts,” 71 Ohio St. L.J. 1149 (2010).
7
liberal establishment: Geoffrey Kabaservice, The Guardians (2004); Kai Bird, The Color of Truth (1998); Kai Bird, The Chairman (1992); Isaacson & Thomas, Wise Men.
CHAPTER 1: MISS HOGAN
9
Miss Annie E. Hogan: FFR, 4–5; John Mason Brown, “The Uniform of Justice,” Saturday Review, 10/30/1954, at 45; The City Record, 7/29/1903, at 103; Annie E. Hogan Death Record, 7/9/1904, New York City Municipal Deaths, 1795–1949, Family History Library microfilm 13232056.
9
“daze”: FFR, 4–5.
9
origin story: Biographers have repeated errors about FF’s early life, errors that originated in a three-part New Yorker profile. Matthew Josephson, “Jurist-II,” New Yorker, 12/7/1940, at 37. For example, FF arrived in America when he was eleven, not twelve, and did not start school at P.S. 25 until he was “nearly twelve.” FF to Matthew Josephson, 7/22/1942, Brandeis Autograph Collection 334–442, Folders 378–79 (enclosing handwritten memoranda and identifying thirty-five errors in profile).
10
“There is hardly”: Stefan Zweig, The World of Yesterday, 12 (1943).
10
one of many: Marsha L. Rozenblit, The Jews of Vienna, 1867–1914, at 13–45 (1983).
10
Emma: Emilia “Emma” Winter, Birth Record, 3/10/1854, Uhersky-Ostroh Births 1849–1875, Image #22/150.
10
her father and grandfather: Dr. Heinrich Flesch, “Geschichte Der Juden in Ung. Ostra.,” at 4 in Jews and Jewish Communities of Moravia in the Past and Present, 576 (Hugo Gold, ed. 1929) (listing Emma’s father Salomon in 1880–1888 and grandfather Löbl in 1860 as appointed chairman to deal with Jewish matters).
10
Leopold: Leopold Frankfurter Passport Application, 3/1/1909, NARA, U.S. Passport Applications, M1490, Roll 78, #1351 (Pressburg birth on 1/26/1854).
10
Leopold’s mother: https://www.geni.com/people/Lotte-Frankfurter/6000000010422722495 (Lotte Frankfurter died on 2/16/1854).
10
Leopold’s father: Emanuel Frankfurter, Death Record, 5/31/1891, Index of the Jewish Records of Vienna and Lower Austria, No. 391181 (civil servant of Jewish community).
10
yeshiva: Leonard Baker, Brandeis and Frankfurter, 41 (1984) (yeshiva); cf. Michael E. Parrish, Felix Frankfurter and His Times, 8 (1982) (rabbinical school).
10
traveling salesman: Lehmann Vienna City Directory 305 (1880) (Leopold as handels agent, Emma as convenience store worker); Lehmann Vienna City Directory 373 (1887) (Leopold as handels agent).
10
Leopoldstadt: Rozenblit, Jews of Vienna, at 76–77 & tbl. 4:1 (48.3 percent of Viennese Jews in 1880 lived in the Leopoldstadt).
10
Felix was born: FF, Birth Record, 11/15/1882, Austria, Vienna, Jewish Registers of Births, Marriages, and Deaths, 1784–1911, Vol. 2–2, 1882, #4017, LDS Roll 152.
10
Ella: Estelle “Stella” Frankfurter Int. with CEW, 11/28/1973, at 1, CEWP-MHS, Carton 26; Ella Frankfurter, Birth Record, 10/12/1892, Hungarian Births Database, LDS microfilm 642971, Vol. 21, Page 359, Line 2231.
10
miserable: FF Int. with Max Freedman, LC audio files 1618219–3-3 & 16182190–3-17; Budapest School Reports, 1893–94, at 82, Radixindex School Reports, radixindex.com (listing his brother Otto).
10
two years: FF to Adolph Lippe, 8/28/1941, FFLC, Box 123; FF to MML, 11/6/1941, Monte Lemann Papers.
10
Salomon Frankfurter: Evelyn Adunka, “Salomon Frankfurter (1856–1941),” in Bibliotheken in der NS-Zeit, 209 (2008); Evelyn Adunka, “Salomon Frankfurter,” Österreichiches Biographisches Lexikon (ÖBL) Online Edition, Lfg. 5, 11/25/2016.
11
bathtub: Estelle “Stella” Frankfurter Int. with CEW, 11/28/1973, at 1.
11
“oppressively”: FFR, 5.
11
“his high”: FF to Hans W. L. Freudenthal, 11/17/1960, FFLC, Box 124.
11
Gymnasium: Rozenblit, Jews of Vienna, 99–125; Steven Beller, Vienna and the Jews, 1867–1938, at 49–55 (1989); Zweig, The World of Yesterday, 28–32. Searches of incomplete Vienna Gymnasia files have not produced a record for FF for the 1893–1894 school year.
11
“deep”: FF to Adolph Lippe, 8/28/1941; FF Int. with Max Freedman, n.d., at 2–3, FFHLS, Pt. III, Reel 40, Pages 269–70.
11
Emanuel: Emanuel Frankfurter, Death Record, 5/31/1891, Index of the Jewish Records of Vienna and Lower Austria, Vol. E, # 3405.
11
five dollars: S.S. Indiana, 5/31/1893, Philadelphia Passenger Lists, 1883–1945, NARA, Roll T840, Roll 19, Line 22 (five dollars).
11
“Children”: BG, 1/8/1939, at C4 (based on int. with Paul Frankfurter).
11
320: http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/descriptions/ShipsM.shtml.
11
120: NYTrib, 8/10/1894, at 12.
11
steerage: S.S. Marsala, 7/25/1894, Hamburg Passenger Lists, Staatsarchiv Hamburg, Vol. 373-7 I, VIII A 1 Band 088 A; Page 527; Microfilm No. K_1751; S.S. Marsala, 8/10/1894, New York Passenger Lists, 1820–1897, NARA Roll M237, Roll 60, Line 34.
11
Dover: NYT, 7/28/1894, at 9.
11
Statue of Liberty: FF, “The Morris Cohen Library,” 5/3/1958, in Of Law and Life and Other Things That Matter, 107 (Phillip B. Kurland, ed. 1965).
11
1:00 p.m.: NYTrib, 8/10/1894, at 12.
11
perfect: NYT, 8/11/1894, at 11.
12
99 East Seventh & “breathed”: FF, “The Cooper Union: Pacemaker,” 10/6/1956, in Of Law and Life and Other Things That Matter, at 48.
12
philosopher: BG, 1/8/1939, at C4.
12
peddler: 1895–96 NY City Directory at 473 (“pedlar”); 1897–98 NY City Directory at 429 & 1899–1900 NY City Directory at 418 (drygoods); 1901–2 NY City Directory at 443 (agent); 1900 U.S. Census, T623_1114, E.D. 756, Page 5B, Line 82 (merchant). Leopold was not a furrier. FF to Josephson, 7/22/1942; cf. Josephson, “Jurist-II,” New Yorker, 12/7/1940, at 37 (describing him as “retail fur merchant”).
12
whistling & dinner: FF Int. with Freedman, n.d., at 5–6.
12
pet & “Anybody”: FF Int. with Freedman, n.d., at 6, 8.
12
“Hold”: FF, “The Best Advice I Ever Had,” 8/1956 in Of Law and Life and Other Things That Matter, 38.
12
“the greatest”: FFR, 8–9.
12
reading: BG, 1/8/1939, at C4.
12
newspapers: FF Int. with Freedman, n.d., at 9–10.
13
red leather & forum series: FFR at 4.
13
“two-fifths”: FF, “The Cooper Union: Pacemaker,” in Of Law and Life and Other Things That Matter, 42, 47–50.
13
Hoboken: FFR, 6–7; NYT, 9/24/1896, at 2.
13
John Adams: Program, Grammar School No. 25, 6/29/1897, FFLC, Box 234. Cf. FFR, 8 (recalling it was speech by William Pitt in the House of Lords).
13
scholarships & Horace Mann: FFR, 9–10; NYT, 6/9/1897, at 12.
13
one of seven: NYT, 6/24/1897, at 3.
14
“the universal”: FF, “Experiment in Democracy,” 11/1946, City College Alumnus, Vol. 42, No. 8, at 139, FFLC, Box 198.
14
ugly: FF, “The Morris Cohen Library,” 5/3/1958, at 4, in Of Law and Life and Other Things That Matter, at 108.
14
red: FF, “Address at the Inauguration Dr. Harry N. Wright as Sixth President of City College,” 9/30/1942, at 1, FFLC, Box 219.
14
classical: FFR, 11–12.
14
Isador Goetz: FFR Transcript, 5/1953, at 130–31, FFLC, Box 205.
14
Morris Raphael Cohen: FF, “The Morris Cohen Library,” 5/3/1958, at 4, in Of Law and Life and Other Things That Matter, at 108–9; FF, “Morris R. Cohen,” in Of Law and Men, 294–95 (Philip Elman, ed. 1956); NYT Book Review, 3/27/1949, at 1, 21.
14
Lenox Library: FFR, 12.
14
read Hebrew: Estelle “Stella” Frankfurter Int. with CEW, 11/28/1973, at 1.
14
abandoned: FFR, 289–90.
14
craps: FF Int. with Max Freedman, n.d., at 8.
14
Third Avenue Elevated: Louis S. Posner to FF, 1/14/1939, at 1, FFHLS, Pt. III, Reel 21, Page 648.
14
bounced: Nathaniel Phillips, “F.F.C.C.N.Y.,” in Felix Frankfurter: A Tribute, 86 (Wallace Mendelson, ed. 1964).
14
Clionia: 1900 Microcosm, at 41, 44, CCNY Archives.
14
“Resolved”: Program, “Sixty-First Semi-Annual Joint Debate Clionian and Phrenocosmian Literary Societies,” 5/3/1901, FFHLS, Pt. III, Reel 39, Pages 682–5.
15
“vehement”: College Mercury, 5/1/1901, at 160.
15
“his stunning”: Phillips, “F.F.C.C.N.Y.,” in Felix Frankfurter: A Tribute, 83.
15
Accounts: Milton S. Hoffman to FF, 1/9/1939, FFHLS, Pt. III, Reel 21, Page 644 (recalling Clionia lost & Supreme Court reversed); Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901).
15
second: Merit Rolls, 1900–1901, at 10, CCNY Archives, Box 4.
15
vice president & assistant editor: Commencement Number, College Mercury, 6/1902 & Quips and Cranks, CCNY Archives, Box 9.4.3.
15
third: Merit Rolls, 1901–1902, at 1, CCNY Archives, Box 4 (3rd, demerits not listed).
15
“The Perversion”: 1902 Fifteenth Annual Commencement program, 6/19/1902, at 2, CCNY, Box 117 & The College of the City of New York 54th Annual Register, 1902–1903, at 57 & NYT, 6/20/1902, at 5.
15
$1200 & $1050: FF Employment File, n.d., 11/25/1959, FFLC, Box 224; FFR, 14–15; City Record, 1/12/1903, at 259 (listing him as temporary clerk at $1200 as of 11/12/1903); City Record, 1/31/1905, Pt. 3, at 350 (clerk & $1050).
15
druggists: 1900 U.S. Census, Roll T623_1114, E.D. 756, Page 5B, Lines 84–85.
