G-Man, page 148
retirement exemption, 568, 570, 578–79
World War II era political surveillance and, 293, 302, 333, 336
—Justice Department career:
Harding administration and, 89, 90, 91, 92
information system, 69–70, 77, 78, 95
post-World War I transition, 62, 63
World War I and, 48, 49–50, 51, 53–56, 59–60
See also Palmer Raids; Radical Division
—personality and characteristics:
childhood and, 4, 11–12
flexibility, xv
preoccupation with health, 22, 23, 533
secrecy, xv, 4, 11
stutter, 22–23, 31
—popularity of, xii–xiii, xvii, xviii
conservatism and, 670
criticisms and, 232
Eisenhower administration and, 420
gangster violence campaigns and, 177
King harassment and, 613–14
1930s celebrity status and, 184–86
postwar Red Scare and, 292, 357, 422, 425, 452–53, 454–55, 469
See also honors and awards above
—racist beliefs, xiii
animosity toward King and, 543
Black Panther Party COINTELPRO campaign and, 684
FBI recruitment and, 117
Garvey case and, 96
Kappa Alpha membership and, xviii, 38, 43, 44–46, 47, 96, 279
King’s assassination and, 657–58
King surveillance and, 586
Liuzzo murder and, 624
lynching and, 95–96, 307–8
religion and, 34
segregation and, 439
War on Crime and, 629–31
World War II reexamination of, 282–83
—religion and:
childhood, 24–26
conservative moralism and, 196
Eisenhower administration and, 413
high school years, 32–34
postwar Red Scare and, 359, 361–66
Washington, D.C. and, 369
—social life:
Del Charro vacations, 415–17, 679, 699–700
desegregation and, 439–40
early Depression years, 131–32
heterosexual dating rumors, 219–21
Lavender Scare and, 402
Joseph McCarthy and, 385
1930s celebrity status and, 184–85, 187–88
relationship with Tolson and, xii, 104, 181, 218–19
social institutions and, 109–10
Winchell and, 187–88
Hoover, John Thomas (JEH’s grandfather), 6–8
Hoover, Lillian (JEH’s sister), 10, 14, 17, 26, 37
Hoover, Sadie Marguerite (JEH’s sister), 10, 12, 14
Hoover’s FBI
ACLU collaboration, xvi, 276, 284–85, 303, 309
agent recruitment, 111–12, 116–17, 118–19, 133, 161–62, 240, 368
anti-Vietnam War movement and, 655
arming of FBI agents, 154–55
Army-McCarthy hearings and, 431
bureaucratic autonomy and, 126–27
CIA relations with, 306, 417–18, 419
civil liberties movement and, 108–9
conservative moralism and, 113, 121–22, 191–92, 191, 195–96, 197, 202, 224–25, 291
crime statistics, 128–29, 628–30
election of 1968 and, 669–73, 674–77
expansions of, 104, 214–16, 237, 275, 291
FBI National Academy, 194–95, 496, 500, 501
forensics, 135, 240
G-Man image, xi–xii, 147, 154, 167, 175–77, 291, 634
Great Depression and, 126, 132
Identification Division, 114–15, 134, 240, 241, 277
Japanese-American internment and, xvi, 50, 250, 253, 258–61, 439
Jenkins homosexuality scandal and, 601–2
JFK’s sexual indiscretions and, 531–32, 539–40, 586
late 1930s abduction cases, 225–26
Lindbergh kidnapping and, 135–36, 153, 158
Mann Act and, 202–3
NAACP collaboration, xvi, 276, 280, 282–83, 309, 315, 442–43, 652
name of, 173–74
Nathan as assistant director, 117–18
new offices (1936), 172–73
organizational structure, 121
parole system and, 191, 192–94
police tactics and, 111, 148, 157–58, 164–66, 235–36, 695–96
Prohibition and, 113–14, 127
race riots and, 67–68, 283, 594–95, 600–601, 650–53
RFK as attorney general and, 482–85
Shanahan murder and, 123–24, 152
targeting of critics, 76, 84, 99, 407, 641, 700
Truman administration relations, 287, 293–96, 293, 299–300, 306, 340, 342, 351
Uniform Crime Report, 129
—anti-lynching operations, xvi, 307–19, 307
criticisms of JEH and, 314, 318
FDR administration and, 307–11
local official relations and, 309, 310, 312, 316, 318, 500
Moore’s Ford case, 312–14
NAACP and, 309, 311–12, 315, 319
President’s Committee on Civil Rights and, 315, 316–18
—Black Power movement campaigns:
Black Panther Party, 680–86, 689–92, 728
Carmichael surveillance, 648–49
“messiah” problem and, 658, 682, 690, 728
race riots and, 650–51, 652
—civil rights movement surveillance:
Democratic Convention (1964), 597–99
late 1950s anticommunist operations and, 443, 449
Nation of Islam, 583–84
1960s anticommunist operations and, 520
SNCC, 647–49, 651, 683
World War II era, 280–81
See also Martin Luther King, Jr. and below
—COINTELPRO:
Black Panther Party campaign, 680–86, 689–92, 728
Church Committee on, 728
creation of, 455–57
exposure of, xvii, 701–3, 704, 727
Martin Luther King, Jr. harassment, xv, 583–84, 608–9, 612–13, 614, 657, 718–19, 728
Ku Klux Klan initiatives, xvi, 501–2, 615–20, 615, 621, 624–26
late 1950s anticommunist operations and, xv, 455–59
New Left and, 626, 653, 662–63, 680, 686–90, 695–96, 726, 729
1960s expansion of, 643
provocateurs, 685
War on Crime and, 638
—Eisenhower administration years:
administration support, 411–12, 419–20, 423, 464
COINTELPRO creation, 455–57
late 1950s anticommunist operations and, 454–55
See also civil rights enforcement; late 1950s anticommunist operations below
—gangster violence campaigns (1930s), 156–57, 156
arming of FBI agents and, 154–55
Biograph Theater shootout, 156, 163–64
Cowley murder, 166, 179
Hollywood and, 170, 171
JEH’s initial reluctance, 148, 155, 156–57
JEH’s office display and, 173
Kansas City Massacre, 147–48, 151–52, 153, 164, 165, 182
Little Bohemia shootout, 158–62
police tactics and, 164–66
public relations and, 170, 173, 175, 201
top public enemy identifications, 154
Urschel kidnapping case, 153–54
War on Crime and, 628
See also organized crime investigations below
—informants:
Black Power movement and, 682, 690–91, 692
civil rights movement and, 281, 661
counterintelligence harassment of King and, 583
defendant review rulings, 453, 454
Democratic Convention (1964) and, 598
gangster violence campaigns and, 148, 157, 159, 161
gay rights and, 537
initial rejection of, 111
Japanese-American internment and, 260
Ku Klux Klan and, 504, 617, 618, 619, 624, 625. See also Rowe, Gary
late 1950s anticommunist operations and, 456, 457, 460–62, 472, 525, 656
Lavender Scare and, 405
Mann Act raids and, 202–3
Nation of Islam and, 584, 620
New Left and, 646, 687–88, 689, 695–96
1960s anticommunist operations and, 529, 544, 549, 572, 644
Oswald as, 574–75, 576
postwar Red Scare and, 343–44, 346, 347, 355–56. See also Bentley, Elizabeth; Chambers, Whittaker
World War II political surveillance and, 243, 244, 277, 278, 281, 321
See also COINTELPRO above
—JFK’s assassination investigation, 554, 555–67
Church Committee on, 728
disciplinary actions and, 572–73
initial notifications, 555–56, 669
institutional priorities and, 562–63
Johnson communications, 559, 561, 563, 566–67
Oswald assassination, 563–64
Oswald’s communist background and, 557–59
See also Warren Commission
—Johnson administration years:
anticommunist operations, 529, 544, 549, 572, 643, 644
DeLoach’s role, 569–70
JEH’s friendship with Johnson, 477–79, 559, 566, 577–78, 594, 654–55, 677
JEH’s honors and awards, 639–40, 670
Johnson’s support for JEH, xiii, 450
See also King/communism investigations and King’s assassination investigation below; War on Crime; JFK’s assassination investigation above
—Martin Luther King, Jr. and:
counterintelligence harassment, xv, xvi, 583–84, 608–9, 612–13, 614, 718–19
JEH-King sit-down meeting, 604, 611–12
JEH’s animosity toward King, 542, 543, 661–62, 666–67
JEH’s “notorious liar” comment, xvii, 604–8, 609–10, 680
JEH’s popularity and, 613–14
suicide letter/tape, 608–9, 614, 680, 690, 728
wiretapping/bugging, xv, 551, 553, 582–83, 584–87, 588, 607, 610–11, 614, 663–64, 718–19, 728
See also King/communism investigations above; King’s assassination and below
—King/communism investigations, 520–30, 520
Communism and the Negro Movement and, 610–11
disclosure issue, 529, 543–44, 549, 550
expected results, 541
JEH’s circular logic and, 526–27
JEH’s initial lack of interest, 520–21
King’s responses, 542–43, 550–51
Levison/King involvement, 525–26
Levison’s communist background, 522–24
O’Dell and, 527–28
