G-Man, page 131
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 12
Hoover to DeLoach, September 1, 1964, S5, FBI V 67-338728 (DeLoach).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 13
DeLoach, Hoover’s FBI, 9; DeLoach to Hoover, September 8, 1964, S5, FBI V 67-338728 (DeLoach).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 14
Kennedy to Tolson, September 2, 1964, S3, FBI V 9524-416 (Tolson); Apple, “Kennedy Quits,” NYT, September 4, 1964.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 15
Casey, “RFK Goodby,” BG, September 4, 1964; DeLoach to Hoover, September 9, 1964, F135, B21, HO&C; Hoover to Jenkins, September 14, 1964, F135, B22, HO&C; “Summary Analysis,” September 14, 1964, F135, B22, HO&C.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 16
Untitled, NatR, October 13, 1964; O’Reilly, “Racial Matters,” 235.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 17
Beschloss, Reaching for Glory, 54-84; Charles, Hoover’s War on Gays, 269-77; Stewart-Winter, “The Fall of Walter Jenkins and the Hidden History of the Lavender Scare,” in Canaday et al, Intimate States, 211-34.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 18
Beschloss, Reaching for Glory, 76-7; Hoover, “Memorandum for Mr. Tolson,” October 15, 1964, S1, FBI FOIA 161-2848-2 (Jenkins). Also see Goldwater to Hoover, October 19, 1964, S4, FBI FOIA 62-98961-227 (Goldwater); “Goldwater Asks,” WS, October 20, 1964, B137, JEHS.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 19
Beschloss, Reaching for Glory, 69-71.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 20
Hoover, “Memorandum for Mr. Tolson,” October 19, 1964, S1, FBI 161-2848-18 (Jenkins).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 21
DeLoach to Mohr, “Walter Jenkins,” October 16, 1964, S6, FBI FOIA 161-2848 (Jenkins); Untitled, Washington Capital News Service, October 21, 1964, B137, JEHS; Van Der Linden, “Did FBI Chief Really,” Jackson Daily News, October 23, 1964, B137, JEHS; Franklin, “Hoover Assailed,” NYT, October 28, 1964, B137, JEHS; Beale, “Barry Advises,” WS, November 29, 1964, B137, JEHS.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 22
Beschloss, Reaching for Glory, 90-2; “President Misused FBI,” NYDN, October 24, 1964, B137, JEHS; Hoover, “Memorandum for Mr. Tolson,” October 23, 1964, S2, FBI FOIA 161-2848-39 (Jenkins).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 23
Hoover to Johnson, November 4, 1964, F: “11/23/63–11/30/64,” FG135-6, B188, WHCF, LBJ.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 24
Chapter 50: The Most Notorious Liar (1964–1965)
DeLoach to Mohr, “Sarah McClendon,” November 5, 16, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-EBF-951.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 1
DeLoach, Hoover’s FBI, 203–5; “Hoover Raps Warren,” BS, November 19, 1964, B137, JEHS; “Hoover Hits Courts,” WS, November 19, 1964, B137, JEHS; Branch, Pillar of Fire, 526.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 2
Winchell, “It Takes All Kinds,” NYJA, November 27, 1964, B137, JEHS.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 3
For Katzenbach’s account of his time as attorney general, see Katzenbach, Some of It Was Fun.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 4
Katzenbach, Some Of It Was Fun, 186; Buchanan, “Hoover’s Great,” November 21, 1964, B137, JEHS.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 5
Sterne, “Hoover Seen ‘Faltering,’ ” BS, November 20, 1964, B137, JEHS; DeLoach to Mohr, “Val Coleman,” November 19, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-1192-1200X.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 6
“Memo to J. Edgar,” Medford Mail Tribune, November 20, 1964, B137, JEHS; “Newsweek Says,” WP, November 30, 1964, B137, JEHS; DeLoach to Mohr, “Ben Bradlee,” December 1, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-EBF-1125.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 7
Sterne, “Hoover Seen ‘Faltering’ ”; Baumgardner to Sullivan, “Martin Luther King, Jr,” November 20, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-1192-1200X; Branch, Pillar of Fire, 527; Sides, Hellhound on His Trail, 40.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 8
McNair, “Society Sleuths,” WP, November 21, 1964, B137, JEHS; Rosen to Belmont, “Telegram from Martin Luther King, Jr,” November 20, 1964, S20, FBI FOIA 100-106670-581 (MLK).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 9
Nixon to Hoover, November 30, 1964, F2, B20, PPS320, RN; Beschloss, Reaching for Glory, 149.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 10
Bridge, “Talk of Replacing,” WP, December 1, 1964; Halberstam, “Vantage Point,” NYT, October 31, 1971. For doubts about the authenticity of the quote, see Demaris, Director, 232.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 11
Wannall to Adams, “Senstudy 75,” April 23, 1975, FBI JFK 62-116395-101-150; Garrow, “Troubling Legacy of Martin Luther King”; Young, Easy Burden, 327-8; “Work Paper: Recollections of SA Seymor Fred Phillips,” April 29, 1975, FBI JFK 62-116395-1192-1200X; Anonymous to King, F24, B12, HO&C; Gage, “What an Uncensored Letter.”
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 12
“Mrs. Lewis,” ChiT, November 25, 1964, B137, JEHS; “Hoover Says,” WS, November 25, 1964, B137, JEHS; Branch, Pillar of Fire, 529-30.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 13
DeLoach to Mohr, “Roy Wilkins,” November 27, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-1192-1200X; interview of Cartha DeLoach, FBI OH.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 14
“Communism and the Negro Movement,” November 27, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-EBF-951; Sullivan to Belmont, “Communism and the Negro Movement,” October 18, 1963, FBI JFK 62-11639-726-810; Evans to Belmont, “Communism and the Negro Movement,” October 25, 1963, FBI JFK 62-116395-340-347; Director to Attorney General, October 25, 1963, FBI JFK 62-116395-340-347; Hoover, “Memorandum to Mr. Tolson,” October 25, 1963, FBI JFK 62-116395-340-347; Sizoo to Sullivan, “Communism and the Negro movement,” October 25, 1963, FBI JFK 62-116395-340-347.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 15
DeLoach to Mohr, “Martin Luther King,” December 7, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-340-347; Hoover to McNamara, December 7, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-340-347; Hoover to Rusk, December 7, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-340-347; Hoover to Katzenbach, December 7, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-340-347. For planning, see Sullivan to Belmont, “Communism and the Negro Movement,” November 27, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-726-810.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 16
DeLoach to Mohr, “Martin Luther King,” December 1, 1964, S21, FBI FOIA 100-106670-570 (MLK).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 17
DeLoach to Mohr, “Martin Luther King,” December 2, 1964, S21, FBI FOIA 100-106670 (MLK); Jones to DeLoach, “Martin Luther King, Jr.,” December 1, 1964, S21, FBI FOIA 100-106670-647 (MLK); Hoover, “Memorandum for Mr. Tolson,” December 1, 1964, S19, FBI FOIA 100-106670-563 (MLK).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 18
Branch, Pillar of Fire, 535; Sterne, “Early Arrests,” BS, December 2, 1964, B137, JEHS.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 19
Press release, December 4, 1964, B10, V13, P19 (FBI), DOJ Administrative History, LBJ; King, “Acceptance Speech,” December 10, 1964, at https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1964/king/lecture/.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 20
Belmont, “Summary—Highly Sensitive Coverage,” December 2, 1964, S105, FBI FOIA 100-106670-1024 (MLK); Baumgardner to Sullivan, “Martin Luther King, Jr.,” November 30, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-1192-1200X; Legat London to Director, “Martin Luther King, Jr.,” December 10, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-1192-1200X; Baumgardner to Sullivan, “Martin Luther King, Jr.,” December 17, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-789-Bulky; untitled report, page begins “Nobel Peace Prize Junket,” FBI JFK 62-116395-1153-Bulky.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 21
Sullivan to Belmont, “Martin Luther King, Jr.,” December 16, 1964, FBI JFK 62-117290-1321-Bulky; Baumgardner to Sullivan, “Martin Luther King, Jr., September 8, 1964, FBI JFK 62-117920-1321-Bulky; Martin, “Bureau Clergyman.”
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 22
Katzenbach, Some of It Was Fun, 154–5; Montgomery, “Crystal Ball,” NYJA, January 3, 1965, B137, JEHS.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 23
“FBI Director Backed,” CR, February 17, 1965, B138, JEHS; JEH APPT, March 9, 1965; Photo, WS, March 10, 1965, B138, JEHS; Jones to DeLoach, “General Wallace Martin Greene, Jr.,” March 16, 1965, S3C, FBI V 62-78720 (Wilkins).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 24
Garrow, FBI and Martin Luther King, Jr., 133–4; Branch, Pillar of Fire, 556–7; Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 372–5.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 25
Chapter 51: White Hate (1964–1965)
“Hoover Raps Warren,” ca. November 19, 1964, B137, JEHS; DeLoach to Mohr, “Martin Luther King,” December 2, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-EBF-951; Whitehead, Attack on Terror, 2.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 1
Director to SAC Atlanta, “Counterintelligence Program,” September 2, 1964, S1, FBI V 157-9-1 (COINTELPRO-White Hate).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 2
Germany and Carter, Presidential Recordings, 8:393–4.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 3
May, Informant, 115; Kantor, “White Racism,” WDN, July 23, 1964, B137, JEHS; Shipp, Murder at Broad River Bridge, 14.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 4
Germany and Carter, Presidential Recordings, 8:219.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 5
Sullivan to Hoover, July 24, 1964, FBI JFK 62-116395-546. On COINTELPRO-White Hate, see especially Cunningham, There’s Something Happening Here; Drabble, “To Ensure Domestic Tranquility.”
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 6
Director to SAC Atlanta, “Counterintelligence Program,” September 2, 1964, S1, FBI V 157-9-1 (COINTELPRO–White Hate).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 7
Gale to Tolson, “Investigation of Ku Klux Klan,” July 30, 1964, S1, FBI V 157-9 (COINTELPRO–White Hate).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 8
Interview of Billy Bob Williams, FBI OH; Baumgardner to Sullivan, “Counterintelligence Program,” January 19, 1965, S1, FBI V 157-9 (COINTELPRO–White Hate); Director to SAC Miami, “Counterintelligence Program,” April 15, 1965, S1, FBI V 157-9 (COINTELPRO–White Hate); Baumgardner to Sullivan, “Counterintelligence Program,” April 20, 1966, S1, FBI V 157-9 (COINTELPRO–White Hate); Cunningham, There’s Something Happening Here, 126, 124, 73–4; Baumgardner to Sullivan, “Counterintelligence Program,” May 10, 1965, S1, FBI V 157-9-10 (COINTELPRO–White Hate); SAC Atlanta to Director, “Counterintelligence Program,” October 14, 1964, Sub2, FBI 157-9 (COINTELPRO–White Hate); SAC Atlanta to Director, “Counterintelligence Program,” October 14, 1964, Sub2, FBI V 157-9-2-9 (COINTELPRO–White Hate).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 9
May, Informant, 310; Hoover to Katzenbach, September 2, 1965, S1, FBI V 157-9 (COINTELPRO–White Hate).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 10
Director to SAC Atlanta, “Counterintelligence Program,” March 15, 1965, Sub2, FBI V 157-9 (COINTELPRO–White Hate); Baumgardner to Sullivan, “Communist Party, USA,” January 6, 1965, S1, FBI V 157-9 (COINTELPRO–White Hate).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 11
Hoover to Moyers, February 3, 1965, S23, FBI FOIA 106700 (MLK); Branch, Pillar of Fire, 578–9; Closson and Bromwich, “J. Edgar Hoover Hid,” NYT, November 18, 2021.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 12
Branch, At Canaan’s Edge, 49, 59; “Demonstrators Ejected,” Globe and Mail, March 9, 1965; “From Rights Demonstrators,” Austin Statesman, March 10, 1965; “Justice Dept. Routs,” Newsday, March 9, 1965; “Thousands across Nation,” AC, March 10, 1965.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 13
Baumgardner to Sullivan, “Communist Party, USA,” January 6, 1965, FBI V 157-9 (COINTELPRO–White Hate); SAC Jackson to Director, “Counterintelligence Program,” January 28, 1965, FBI V 157-9-6 (COINTELPRO–White Hate); May, Informant, 118–24.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 14
Belmont to Tolson, “Recent Shootings,” August 31, 1965, S1, FBI V 157-9 (COINTELPRO–White Hate); JEH LOGS, March 15, 1965.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 15
“Speed Action,” NYP, March 16, 1965, B138, JEHS; JEH APPT, January 19, 1965; JEH LOGS, January 19, 1965; McCardle, “Mrs. LBJ,” WP, March 16, 1965, B138, JEHS; Branch, At Canaan’s Edge, 111–2.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 16
Hoover, “Memorandum for Mr. Tolson,” March 19, 1965, S3, FBI IA 44-28544 (Selma); Belmont to Tolson, “Forthcoming Civil Rights March,” March 19, 1965, FBI IA 44-28544-177 (Selma).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 17
Rosen to Belmont, “March from Selma,” March 24, 1965, FBI IA 44-28544-275 (Selma); McGowan to Rosen, “March from Selma,” March 24, 1965, FBI IA 44-28544-134 (Selma); McGowan to Rosen, “March from Selma,” March 24, 1965, FBI IA 44-28544-218 (Selma); “March from Selma,” March 22, 1965, FBI IA 44-28544-3 (Selma).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 18
Branch, At Canaan’s Edge, 164–70.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 19
May, Informant, 146–7; “March from Selma,” March 26, 1965, FBI IA 44-28544-287 (Selma).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 20
LBJD, March 26, 1965; May, Informant, 166, 171; Beschloss, Reaching for Glory, 245–6, 248–9, 279; Branch, At Canaan’s Edge, 177; “Transcript of Johnson’s Statement on Alabama Arrests,” WP, March 27, 1965, B138, JEHS.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 21
May, Informant, 180–2, 253, 265.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 22
May, Informant, 183; Hoover, “Memorandum for Mr. Tolson,” December 3, 1965, FBI V [unnumbered] (Tolson); Davis, Assault on the Left, 7.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 23
Interview of Ernest M. Cochrane, FBI OH; Katzenbach to Hoover, September 3, 1965, S1, FBI V 157-9 (COINTELPRO–White Hate).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 24
Chapter 52: Hoover Knows Best (1965-1966)
JEH APPT, March 3, 1965; “Johnson and Chiefs Discuss Curb on Crime,” ChiT, March 4, 1965, B138, JEHS.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 1
Flamm, Law and Order, 35, 51–2.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 2
Strout, “Law-and-Order Debate,” CSM, September 14, 1968.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 3
“U.S. Crime at Peak,” NYT, March 1, 1961, B131, JEHS; “Serious Crimes Rise,” NYDN, March 10, 1965, B138, JEHS; Flamm, Law and Order, 2; Justice Research and Statistics Association, “Historical Data,” Crime and Justice Atlas 2000, https://www.jrsa.org/projects/Historical.pdf.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 4
Hoover, “Message from the Director,” LEB, November 1967; Pakenham, “13 Pct. Rise,” ChiT, July 27, 1965, B139, JEHS.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 5
Hoover, “Battlefield,” Army Digest, October 1968, B144, JEHS.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 6
Schumach, “Experts Say,” NYT, March 22, 1965, B138, JEHS.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 7
On the racial politics of crime and juvenile delinquency in the early 1960s, see Hinton, From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime. 27-95.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 8
“Crime and Statistics,” WDN, March 15, 1968, B225, JEHS.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 9
Johnson, “Special Message to the Congress on the Needs of the Nation’s Capital,” February 15, 1965, American Presidency Project, https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/special-message-the-congress-the-needs-the-nations-capital; Flamm, Law and Order, 42; “Area Killings Double,” WS, June 9, 1965, B138, JEHS.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 10
Chipman, “Crime, Delinquency,” April 28, 1963, B135, JEHS; “Extension of Remarks: Hon James Martin,” CR, May 26, 1965, B138, JEHS. Also see Hinton, From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime; Flamm, Law and Order; Forman, Locking Up Our Own.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 11
“Aroused Public,” DN, March 22, 1963, B135, JEHS; “Who’s to Blame?” USNWR, January 1, 1962, B133, JEHS; Hoover, “Message from the Director,” LEB, November 1962.
