Oskar Schindler, page 101
114. Ibid., 31–37.
115. Ibid., 37–42. Itzhak Stern made a point of correcting Dr. Bejski’s original quote, “There are three definitions in three stages: a man, a person, a human being. I think there should be an additional one, Schindler,” when he met Martin Gosch and Howard Koch in Tel Aviv in 1964. Martin A. Gosch and Howard Koch, “Interview with Itzhak Stern,” November 29, 1964, Tel Aviv, Israel, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University, 10-A, 10. Leo Rosten explains this folk saying more clearly in his The Joys of Yiddish (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1970), 237. “Mensh, Mensch: 1. A human being. 2. An upright, honorable, decent person. 3. Someone of consequence; someone to admire and emulate; someone of noble character.”
116. “Strong Accusations against Oskar Schindler (in Hebrew),” Ha’aretz, May 2, 1962, n.p. There was also an article, “Schwere Anklagen gegen Oscar Schindler,” in German on the controversy surrounding Schindler that was based on the Ha’aretz article in Yad Vashem’s collection on Schindler. However, as it is only a clipping, it is difficult to determine its origin. See Yad Vashem Archives (RGD), M 31/30, 519 and Bundesarchivs (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 33, 1 page; Bejski, interview, May 17, 1999.
117. Paldiel, Path of the Righteous, 5–6.
118. Ibid.
119. Paldiel, interview, May 12, 1999.
120. “Testimony of Julius Wiener,” August 6, 1963, YVA, 1–2; “Testimony of Esther Schwartz,” 1963, YVA, 1–3; “Testimony of Mrs. Simah Hertmann (Gelcer) before Shatkai and Landau, in the Presence of Alkalai and Wiener (in Hebrew),” August 28, 1963, Yad Vashem Archives, M 31/30, 1–2; Jakob Sternberg to Oskar Schindler, February 25, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908-1974, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 1, 1 page); “Dr. Mordecai Paldiel to David M. Crowe,” January 19, 2004.
121. “Statement of Moshe Landau and A.L. Kubovy to Oskar Schindler, December 24, 1963,” Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 21, 1 page.
122. “Official Citation Given to Oskar Schindler by the Government of Israel,” December 24, 1963, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 17, 1 page.
123. “Dr. Mordecai Paldiel to David M. Crowe,” January 20, 2004, and January 21, 2004.
124. Jakob Sternberg to Oskar Schindler, November 1, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908-1974, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 25, 1 page; “Dr. Mordecai Paldiel to David M. Crowe,” Jan. 20, 2004.
125. Bejski, interview, May 17, 1999.
126. Paldiel, interview, May 12, 1962, and May 13, 1999; “Dr. Mordecai Paldiel to David M. Crowe,” January 20, 2004.
127. Dr. Mordecai Paldiel to David M. Crowe,” January 21, 2004.
128. “Oskar Schindler to My Very Honored and Dear Friends,” June 22, 1962, Bunde-sarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908-1974, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 2.
Chapter 13
1. Peter Gorlinsky, “‘Vater Courage’ bliebt unvergessen—aber wie steht es mit ‘Mutter Courage,’” Argentinisches Tageblatt, January 30, 1963, 2.
2. Emilie Schindler, Where Light and Shadow Meet: Memoirs, trans. Dolores M. Koch (New York: W.W. Norton, 1997), 135–136.
3. Ibid., 135.
4. Ibid., 138.
5. Graciela La Rocca, interview by the author, San Vicente, Argentina, May 24, 2001; in her memoirs, Light and Shadow, 134, Emilie mentioned that her meals consisted of “tangerines [she] picked in the orchard, some bread, and lots of coffee.”
6.Walter Pollack to Leopold Page, February 20, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908-1974, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 26, 1 page; Schindler, Light and Shadow, 134.
7. “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” July 9, 1962, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1; Rocca, interview, May 24, 2001.
8. Peter Gorkinsky, “Vater Courage bleibt unvergessen—aber wie steht es Mutter Courage,” Argentinisches Tageblatt, January 30, 1963, 2.
9. Ibid., 2.
10. Ibid.
11. Juan C. Caro to the Editor, The Jerusalem Post, December 21, 1982, n.p.; “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” July 7, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1; Monica Caro, Ilse Chwat, and Ilse Wartensleben, interviews by the author, Buenos Aires, Argentina, May 18, 2001; Erika Rosenberg, ed., Ich, Emilie Schindler: Erinnerungen einer Unbeugsamen (Munich: Herbig, 2001), 218.
12. Joseph Wulf, “Licht in der Finsternis,” Bayerischer Rundfunk Production, September 9 and 12, 1960, 13–16. Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Be-stand 1493, No. 1, Band 18, 22 pages; “Annie Capell to Oskar Schindler,” July 18, 1962, August 13, 1962, and September 22, 1962, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 1 page; “Contract between Oskar Schindler and George Marton,” November 3, 1962, Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 2 pages; “Oskar Schindler to Annie Capell,” November 3, 1962, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 1 page; “Peter V. Herald to Oskar Schindler,” October 16, 1962, Bundesarchiv (Koblernz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 18, 1 page. Included with the letter were two copies, in English, of an 11-page synopsis that Herald had written on Schindler’s actions during the war.
13. “Anton Calleia to Oskar Schindler,” August 20, 1963, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1 page.
14. Robert Parrella, “Jews Move to Help German Who Saved 1,200,” New York Herald Tribune, November 23, 1963, 1.
15. A. H. Weiler, “Biography,” New York Times, November 8, 1964, n.p.; Natan Gur-dus, “Gregory Peck Odtworzy PostaN Oskara Schindlera,” n.d., Nowiny I Kurier, n.p. This is a clipping from Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 30, 1 page; Philip K. Scheuer, “Burton Possibility for Schindler Epic,” Los Angeles Times, December 22, 1964, n.p. This article is part of a collection of articles on Oskar Schindler, Martin Gosch, and the film, To the Last Hour, that I discovered in the archives of the Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts and Sciences in Beverly Hills, California. All subsequent articles from this archive will be cited as Archives of the Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts and Sciences.
16. “Leopold Page to Martin Gosch,” May 1, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 1–3.
17. Ibid., 3–5.
18. “Irving Glovin to Oskar Schindler,” June 1, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 23, 2 pages.
19. “Leopold Page to Oskar Schindler,” June 3, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 4 pages.
20. “Moshe Bejski to Oskar Schindler,” July 16, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 3.
21. “Mietek Pemper to Oskar Schindler,” August 4, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages; “Oskar Schindler to Moshe Bejski,” August 19, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1 page; “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” October 9, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1.
22. “Oskar Schindler to Leopold Page,” October 5, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page.
23. Ibid., 2.
24. Ibid., 1–2.
25. “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” October 9, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages.
26. “Walter Pollack to Leopold Page,” February 2, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 26, 1 page; “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” October 19, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages.
27. “Leopold Page to Oskar Schindler,” October 19, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages.
28. “Irving Glovin to Oskar Schindler,” October 19, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 2 pages.
29. Howard Koch, As Time Goes By: Memoirs of a Writer (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979), 1–9, 71–84, 96–108, 163–170, 178–192, 210–220; “Arthur I. Weinberg to Benjamin Melniker, MGM,” October 9, 1964, 3 pages, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University.
30. “Martin Gosch to Oskar Schindler,” October 26, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 2 pages.
31. “Oskar Schindler to Moshe Bejski,” October 30, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1 page.
32. “Moshe Bejski to Oskar Schindler,” November 5, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1.
33. “Martin A. Gosch to Maurice Silverstein and Delbert Mann,” October 28, 1964, 1 page, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collection Library, Vanderbilt University.
34. “Martin A. Gosch to Syl Lamont,” November 9, 1964, 1 page, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University.
35. Robert A. Fiore to David M. Crowe, March 7, 2000; Ian Fleming, The Diamond Smugglers (New York: Dell, 1957), 84–97.
36. Robert J. Fiore to David M. Crowe, March 7, 2000; Robert J. Fiore to David M. Crowe, February 10, 2004; “Würdigung Fiore Verdienste um die deutsch-amerikanische Freundschaft,” Kronberger Bote, January 22, 2004, n.p.
37. Fiore to Crowe, March 7, 2000; Robert J. Fiore to David M. Crowe, August 13, 2003.
38. “Oskar Schindler to Martin Gosch,” November 13, 1964, Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 3 pages; “Jakob Sternberg to Oskar Schindler,” December 15, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Be-stand N 1493, No. 1, Band 1, 1 page; “Leopold Page to Martin Gosch,” November 13, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 5 pages.
39. “Oskar Schindler to Moshe Bejski,” December 24, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1 page; “Oskar Schindler to Leopold Page,” December 24, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page; “Oskar Schindler to Martin Gosch,” December 28, 1964, Ami Staehr Collection, Stuttgart, Germany, 1 page.
40. “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” December 30, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page.
41. “Oskar Schindler to Moshe Bejski,” December 30, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1 page.
42. Uri Kaisari, “Real Heroes and Heroes with Makeup,” Ma’ariv, January 7, 1965, n.p.; “Gosch Evades Poland’s Fog and Bureaucrats,” Variety Weekly, January 20, 1965, n.p. Archives of the Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts, and Sciences; “Schindler to Page,” October 5, BA(K), 2.
43. Gurdus, “Gregory Peck Odtworzy PostaN Oskara Schindlera,” n.p.
44. “Martin Gosch to Oskar Schindler,” January 15, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 1; “Gosch Evades Poland’s Fog and Bureaucrats,” January 20, 1965, n.p.
45. “Martin Gosch to Oskar Schindler,” January 25, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 2, 2 pages.
46. “Martin A. Gosch to Oskar Schindler,” February 9, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 1; “Martin A. Gosch to Dr. Hans Joachim Lange,” February 9, 1965, 1 page, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University.
47. “Gosch to Schindler,” February 9, 1965, BA(K), 1.
48. “To the Last Hour, Factual Story of a Living Man: Extension of Remarks of Hon. James C. Corman,” Congressional Record-Appendix (February 24, 1965), A796.
49. “Martin A. Gosch to Dan Terrell,” February 26, 1965, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University, 1–2.
50. “Martin A. Gosch to Delbert Mann,” January 14, 1965, 8 pages, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University.
51. Howard Koch, “Script for To the Last Hour,” Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University, 1–86.
52. Koch, “Script for To the Last Hour,” Delbert Mann Papers, Vanderbilt University, 87–89.
53. Ibid., 101–104.
54. Ibid., 104, 115–120.
55. Ibid., 120–125.
56. Ibid., 126–130.
57. “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” February 14, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 21, 2 pages.
58. “Oskar Schindler to Leopold Page,” February 14, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 21, 1; “Leopold Page to Oskar Schindler,” February 28, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages; Ludmilla Page, interview by the author, Beverly Hills, California, November 28, 2001.
59. “Oskar Schindler to Dr. Moshe Bejski,” March 31, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No.1, Band 22, 2; “Leopold Page to Oskar Schindler,” February 28, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages.
60. “Oskar Schindler to Dr. Moshe Bejski,” March 31, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1; “Dr. Moshe Bej-ski to Oskar Schindler,” March 27, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1 page.
61. “Irving Glovin to Oskar Schindler,” March 17, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 23, 3 pages.
62. “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” December 10, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page; “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” January 10, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page.
63. “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” December 20, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1–2; “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” December 30, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Kolbenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2; “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” January 27, 1966, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page.
64. “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” April 5, 1965, Bundesarchiv Koblenz, Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1.
65. “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” March 31, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages; “Oskar Schindler to Irving Glovin,” March 31, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 23, 2 pages; Oskar Schindler to Leopold Page, March 10, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Be-stand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page.
66. “Leopold Page to Oskar Schindler,” February 28, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1.
67. “Oskar Schindler to Leopold Page,” March 10, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page; “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” April 5, 1965, Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Be-stand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1; “Beate Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” April 5, 1965, Bun-desarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page; “Emilie Schindler to Irving Glovin,” April 5, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 26, 1 page; “Emilie Schindler to Leopold Page,” April 5, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 26, 1 page; “Irving Glovin to Walter Pollack,” January 25, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1975, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 26, 1 page; “Walter Pollack to Leopold Page,” March 15, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 26, 1 page.
68. Helmut Schmitz, “Wie ein großzügiger Habenichts zur Ehrenrente kam: Ein Blick in die Akte Oskar Schindler der hessischen Staatskanzlei deckt die Wege deutscher Bürokratie auf,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, March 1, 1994, n.p.
69. “Professor C. Ruter to David M. Crowe,” December 22, 2003, 1 page; “Professor C. F. Ruter to David M. Crowe,” January 26, 2004, 1 page.
70. “Oskar Schindler in dem Ermittlungsverfahren gegen Martin Fellenz,” June 16, 1962, BKB-Stelle Flensburg, 2 Js 117/63, aus Zst 206 AR 225/63, Zentrale Stelle der Lan-desjustizverwaltungen, Ludwigsburg, 5 pages; Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (New York: Penguin Books, 1977), 16; Albert Speer, The Slave State: Heinrich Himmler’s Masterplan for SS Supremacy, translated by Joachim Neu-groschel (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981), 258.
71. Karen Orth, Die Konzentrationslager-SS: Sozialstrukturelle Analysen und bi-ographische Studien (Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2000), 290–291; Tom Segev, Soldiers of Evil: The Commandants of the Nazi Concentration Camps, trans. Haim Watzman (New York: McGraw Hill, 1987), 181–182; “Kriminalpolizei und Oskar Schindler,” March 13, 1963, aus FSK 405 AR 3681/65, Zentrale Stelle der Landesjustizverwaltungen, Ludwigs-burg, 3 pages.
115. Ibid., 37–42. Itzhak Stern made a point of correcting Dr. Bejski’s original quote, “There are three definitions in three stages: a man, a person, a human being. I think there should be an additional one, Schindler,” when he met Martin Gosch and Howard Koch in Tel Aviv in 1964. Martin A. Gosch and Howard Koch, “Interview with Itzhak Stern,” November 29, 1964, Tel Aviv, Israel, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University, 10-A, 10. Leo Rosten explains this folk saying more clearly in his The Joys of Yiddish (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1970), 237. “Mensh, Mensch: 1. A human being. 2. An upright, honorable, decent person. 3. Someone of consequence; someone to admire and emulate; someone of noble character.”
116. “Strong Accusations against Oskar Schindler (in Hebrew),” Ha’aretz, May 2, 1962, n.p. There was also an article, “Schwere Anklagen gegen Oscar Schindler,” in German on the controversy surrounding Schindler that was based on the Ha’aretz article in Yad Vashem’s collection on Schindler. However, as it is only a clipping, it is difficult to determine its origin. See Yad Vashem Archives (RGD), M 31/30, 519 and Bundesarchivs (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 33, 1 page; Bejski, interview, May 17, 1999.
117. Paldiel, Path of the Righteous, 5–6.
118. Ibid.
119. Paldiel, interview, May 12, 1999.
120. “Testimony of Julius Wiener,” August 6, 1963, YVA, 1–2; “Testimony of Esther Schwartz,” 1963, YVA, 1–3; “Testimony of Mrs. Simah Hertmann (Gelcer) before Shatkai and Landau, in the Presence of Alkalai and Wiener (in Hebrew),” August 28, 1963, Yad Vashem Archives, M 31/30, 1–2; Jakob Sternberg to Oskar Schindler, February 25, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908-1974, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 1, 1 page); “Dr. Mordecai Paldiel to David M. Crowe,” January 19, 2004.
121. “Statement of Moshe Landau and A.L. Kubovy to Oskar Schindler, December 24, 1963,” Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 21, 1 page.
122. “Official Citation Given to Oskar Schindler by the Government of Israel,” December 24, 1963, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 17, 1 page.
123. “Dr. Mordecai Paldiel to David M. Crowe,” January 20, 2004, and January 21, 2004.
124. Jakob Sternberg to Oskar Schindler, November 1, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908-1974, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 25, 1 page; “Dr. Mordecai Paldiel to David M. Crowe,” Jan. 20, 2004.
125. Bejski, interview, May 17, 1999.
126. Paldiel, interview, May 12, 1962, and May 13, 1999; “Dr. Mordecai Paldiel to David M. Crowe,” January 20, 2004.
127. Dr. Mordecai Paldiel to David M. Crowe,” January 21, 2004.
128. “Oskar Schindler to My Very Honored and Dear Friends,” June 22, 1962, Bunde-sarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908-1974, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 2.
Chapter 13
1. Peter Gorlinsky, “‘Vater Courage’ bliebt unvergessen—aber wie steht es mit ‘Mutter Courage,’” Argentinisches Tageblatt, January 30, 1963, 2.
2. Emilie Schindler, Where Light and Shadow Meet: Memoirs, trans. Dolores M. Koch (New York: W.W. Norton, 1997), 135–136.
3. Ibid., 135.
4. Ibid., 138.
5. Graciela La Rocca, interview by the author, San Vicente, Argentina, May 24, 2001; in her memoirs, Light and Shadow, 134, Emilie mentioned that her meals consisted of “tangerines [she] picked in the orchard, some bread, and lots of coffee.”
6.Walter Pollack to Leopold Page, February 20, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908-1974, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 26, 1 page; Schindler, Light and Shadow, 134.
7. “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” July 9, 1962, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1; Rocca, interview, May 24, 2001.
8. Peter Gorkinsky, “Vater Courage bleibt unvergessen—aber wie steht es Mutter Courage,” Argentinisches Tageblatt, January 30, 1963, 2.
9. Ibid., 2.
10. Ibid.
11. Juan C. Caro to the Editor, The Jerusalem Post, December 21, 1982, n.p.; “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” July 7, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1; Monica Caro, Ilse Chwat, and Ilse Wartensleben, interviews by the author, Buenos Aires, Argentina, May 18, 2001; Erika Rosenberg, ed., Ich, Emilie Schindler: Erinnerungen einer Unbeugsamen (Munich: Herbig, 2001), 218.
12. Joseph Wulf, “Licht in der Finsternis,” Bayerischer Rundfunk Production, September 9 and 12, 1960, 13–16. Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Be-stand 1493, No. 1, Band 18, 22 pages; “Annie Capell to Oskar Schindler,” July 18, 1962, August 13, 1962, and September 22, 1962, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 1 page; “Contract between Oskar Schindler and George Marton,” November 3, 1962, Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 2 pages; “Oskar Schindler to Annie Capell,” November 3, 1962, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 1 page; “Peter V. Herald to Oskar Schindler,” October 16, 1962, Bundesarchiv (Koblernz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 18, 1 page. Included with the letter were two copies, in English, of an 11-page synopsis that Herald had written on Schindler’s actions during the war.
13. “Anton Calleia to Oskar Schindler,” August 20, 1963, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1 page.
14. Robert Parrella, “Jews Move to Help German Who Saved 1,200,” New York Herald Tribune, November 23, 1963, 1.
15. A. H. Weiler, “Biography,” New York Times, November 8, 1964, n.p.; Natan Gur-dus, “Gregory Peck Odtworzy PostaN Oskara Schindlera,” n.d., Nowiny I Kurier, n.p. This is a clipping from Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 30, 1 page; Philip K. Scheuer, “Burton Possibility for Schindler Epic,” Los Angeles Times, December 22, 1964, n.p. This article is part of a collection of articles on Oskar Schindler, Martin Gosch, and the film, To the Last Hour, that I discovered in the archives of the Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts and Sciences in Beverly Hills, California. All subsequent articles from this archive will be cited as Archives of the Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts and Sciences.
16. “Leopold Page to Martin Gosch,” May 1, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 1–3.
17. Ibid., 3–5.
18. “Irving Glovin to Oskar Schindler,” June 1, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 23, 2 pages.
19. “Leopold Page to Oskar Schindler,” June 3, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 4 pages.
20. “Moshe Bejski to Oskar Schindler,” July 16, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 3.
21. “Mietek Pemper to Oskar Schindler,” August 4, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages; “Oskar Schindler to Moshe Bejski,” August 19, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1 page; “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” October 9, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1.
22. “Oskar Schindler to Leopold Page,” October 5, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page.
23. Ibid., 2.
24. Ibid., 1–2.
25. “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” October 9, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages.
26. “Walter Pollack to Leopold Page,” February 2, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 26, 1 page; “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” October 19, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages.
27. “Leopold Page to Oskar Schindler,” October 19, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages.
28. “Irving Glovin to Oskar Schindler,” October 19, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 2 pages.
29. Howard Koch, As Time Goes By: Memoirs of a Writer (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979), 1–9, 71–84, 96–108, 163–170, 178–192, 210–220; “Arthur I. Weinberg to Benjamin Melniker, MGM,” October 9, 1964, 3 pages, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University.
30. “Martin Gosch to Oskar Schindler,” October 26, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 2 pages.
31. “Oskar Schindler to Moshe Bejski,” October 30, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1 page.
32. “Moshe Bejski to Oskar Schindler,” November 5, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1.
33. “Martin A. Gosch to Maurice Silverstein and Delbert Mann,” October 28, 1964, 1 page, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collection Library, Vanderbilt University.
34. “Martin A. Gosch to Syl Lamont,” November 9, 1964, 1 page, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University.
35. Robert A. Fiore to David M. Crowe, March 7, 2000; Ian Fleming, The Diamond Smugglers (New York: Dell, 1957), 84–97.
36. Robert J. Fiore to David M. Crowe, March 7, 2000; Robert J. Fiore to David M. Crowe, February 10, 2004; “Würdigung Fiore Verdienste um die deutsch-amerikanische Freundschaft,” Kronberger Bote, January 22, 2004, n.p.
37. Fiore to Crowe, March 7, 2000; Robert J. Fiore to David M. Crowe, August 13, 2003.
38. “Oskar Schindler to Martin Gosch,” November 13, 1964, Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 3 pages; “Jakob Sternberg to Oskar Schindler,” December 15, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Be-stand N 1493, No. 1, Band 1, 1 page; “Leopold Page to Martin Gosch,” November 13, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 5 pages.
39. “Oskar Schindler to Moshe Bejski,” December 24, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1 page; “Oskar Schindler to Leopold Page,” December 24, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page; “Oskar Schindler to Martin Gosch,” December 28, 1964, Ami Staehr Collection, Stuttgart, Germany, 1 page.
40. “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” December 30, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page.
41. “Oskar Schindler to Moshe Bejski,” December 30, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1 page.
42. Uri Kaisari, “Real Heroes and Heroes with Makeup,” Ma’ariv, January 7, 1965, n.p.; “Gosch Evades Poland’s Fog and Bureaucrats,” Variety Weekly, January 20, 1965, n.p. Archives of the Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts, and Sciences; “Schindler to Page,” October 5, BA(K), 2.
43. Gurdus, “Gregory Peck Odtworzy PostaN Oskara Schindlera,” n.p.
44. “Martin Gosch to Oskar Schindler,” January 15, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 1; “Gosch Evades Poland’s Fog and Bureaucrats,” January 20, 1965, n.p.
45. “Martin Gosch to Oskar Schindler,” January 25, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 2, 2 pages.
46. “Martin A. Gosch to Oskar Schindler,” February 9, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 28, 1; “Martin A. Gosch to Dr. Hans Joachim Lange,” February 9, 1965, 1 page, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University.
47. “Gosch to Schindler,” February 9, 1965, BA(K), 1.
48. “To the Last Hour, Factual Story of a Living Man: Extension of Remarks of Hon. James C. Corman,” Congressional Record-Appendix (February 24, 1965), A796.
49. “Martin A. Gosch to Dan Terrell,” February 26, 1965, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University, 1–2.
50. “Martin A. Gosch to Delbert Mann,” January 14, 1965, 8 pages, Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University.
51. Howard Koch, “Script for To the Last Hour,” Delbert Mann Papers, Special Collections Library, Vanderbilt University, 1–86.
52. Koch, “Script for To the Last Hour,” Delbert Mann Papers, Vanderbilt University, 87–89.
53. Ibid., 101–104.
54. Ibid., 104, 115–120.
55. Ibid., 120–125.
56. Ibid., 126–130.
57. “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” February 14, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 21, 2 pages.
58. “Oskar Schindler to Leopold Page,” February 14, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 21, 1; “Leopold Page to Oskar Schindler,” February 28, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages; Ludmilla Page, interview by the author, Beverly Hills, California, November 28, 2001.
59. “Oskar Schindler to Dr. Moshe Bejski,” March 31, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No.1, Band 22, 2; “Leopold Page to Oskar Schindler,” February 28, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages.
60. “Oskar Schindler to Dr. Moshe Bejski,” March 31, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1; “Dr. Moshe Bej-ski to Oskar Schindler,” March 27, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 22, 1 page.
61. “Irving Glovin to Oskar Schindler,” March 17, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 23, 3 pages.
62. “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” December 10, 1964, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page; “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” January 10, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page.
63. “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” December 20, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1–2; “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” December 30, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Kolbenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2; “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” January 27, 1966, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page.
64. “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” April 5, 1965, Bundesarchiv Koblenz, Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1.
65. “Oskar Schindler to Walter Pollack,” March 31, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 2 pages; “Oskar Schindler to Irving Glovin,” March 31, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 23, 2 pages; Oskar Schindler to Leopold Page, March 10, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Be-stand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page.
66. “Leopold Page to Oskar Schindler,” February 28, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1.
67. “Oskar Schindler to Leopold Page,” March 10, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page; “Walter Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” April 5, 1965, Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Be-stand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1; “Beate Pollack to Oskar Schindler,” April 5, 1965, Bun-desarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 24, 1 page; “Emilie Schindler to Irving Glovin,” April 5, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 26, 1 page; “Emilie Schindler to Leopold Page,” April 5, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand 1493, No. 1, Band 26, 1 page; “Irving Glovin to Walter Pollack,” January 25, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1975, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 26, 1 page; “Walter Pollack to Leopold Page,” March 15, 1965, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz), Nachlaß Oskar Schindler, 1908–1974, Bestand N 1493, No. 1, Band 26, 1 page.
68. Helmut Schmitz, “Wie ein großzügiger Habenichts zur Ehrenrente kam: Ein Blick in die Akte Oskar Schindler der hessischen Staatskanzlei deckt die Wege deutscher Bürokratie auf,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, March 1, 1994, n.p.
69. “Professor C. Ruter to David M. Crowe,” December 22, 2003, 1 page; “Professor C. F. Ruter to David M. Crowe,” January 26, 2004, 1 page.
70. “Oskar Schindler in dem Ermittlungsverfahren gegen Martin Fellenz,” June 16, 1962, BKB-Stelle Flensburg, 2 Js 117/63, aus Zst 206 AR 225/63, Zentrale Stelle der Lan-desjustizverwaltungen, Ludwigsburg, 5 pages; Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (New York: Penguin Books, 1977), 16; Albert Speer, The Slave State: Heinrich Himmler’s Masterplan for SS Supremacy, translated by Joachim Neu-groschel (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981), 258.
71. Karen Orth, Die Konzentrationslager-SS: Sozialstrukturelle Analysen und bi-ographische Studien (Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2000), 290–291; Tom Segev, Soldiers of Evil: The Commandants of the Nazi Concentration Camps, trans. Haim Watzman (New York: McGraw Hill, 1987), 181–182; “Kriminalpolizei und Oskar Schindler,” March 13, 1963, aus FSK 405 AR 3681/65, Zentrale Stelle der Landesjustizverwaltungen, Ludwigs-burg, 3 pages.
