Too Secret Too Long, page 83
[5]Cmnd 2722
[6]On 10 May 1965. Information from Dr Glees
[7]Cmnd 2773, issued September 1965
[8]Also dealt with in Cmnd 2722
[9]Ibid
[10]Various press reports on the case
[11]Information from Lord Wigg
[12]Information from Mr Macmillan at Birch Grove
[13]13Imperial Calendar for 1965. Salary of a Deputy Permanent Secretary
[14]Information from a friend of the Hollis family
[15]Information from a colleague of Miss Hammond
[16]Press reports: The Times, 5 January 1968; Evening Standard, 9 February 1968
[17]Obituary notice, The Times, 6 November 1973. Written by Sir Dick White
[18]Information from a guest at the dinner
[1]Chapter 44: The ‘Drat’ Inquiry (pages 431-9)
1Letters from Jack Tilton
[2]Letters from John E. Bacon, Information and Privacy Co-ordinator, C.I.A.
[3]Willoughby, op cit
[4]Information from former C.I.A. officer
[5]Ibid
[6]Information from former Director-General of MI6. When I applied to the C.I.A. for information about Hollis the agency required a copy of his death certificate before a search could be started
[7]Letters from some of these contemporaries. Also confidential information
[8]Confidential information
[9]It is remotely possible that more of Sonia’s traffic may be discovered and interpreted but if this provides any evidence against Hollis there can be little doubt that it will be tightly held by the authorities
[10]Confidential information
[11]Letters and conversation with Gouzenko and Mrs Gouzenko
[12]Letter from Gouzenko
[1]Chapter 45: The Ellis Case (pages 440-56)
1Ellis’s early life has been described in some detail by William Stevenson in Intrepid’s Last Case, Random House 1983. See also Montgomery Hyde, Secret Intelligence Agent, Constable 1982
[2]Attempts have been made by Ellis’s supporters to deny any involvement of Zilenski, who was born in 1914, on the grounds that he was too young, but at the most relevant time, 1938, he was twenty-four, two years older than Maclean when he began spying in the Foreign Office
[3]For information about Skobline see Schellenberg, op cit. Gordon Brook-Shepherd, The Storm Petrels, Collins 1977
[4]See Their Trade is Treachery, ‘The “Klatt” Affair’
[5]Stevenson, op cit. Montgomery Hyde, Secret Intelligence Agent. Confidential sources
[6]See William Stevenson, The Man Called Intrepid, Macmillan 1976
[7]Letter from Lord Lothian in Washington to Secretary of State Cordell Hull dated 6 September 1940
[8]Dusko Popov, op cit. He has much to say about Ellis
[9]F.B.I. document
[10]Confidential information
[11]See Schellenberg, op cit. S. Payne Best, The Venlo Incident, Hutchinson 1950
[12]Der Britische Nachrichtdienst, found among captured German records. It had been prepared early in 1940
[13]F.B.I. documents. Letters to Hoover entitled ‘Dickie Ellis’ dated October 1963 and 9 May 1956. While much is blanked out, the 9 May document states that the information is ‘being referred to the attention of the Espionage Section’
[14]William Branigan
[15]Cables from Sir William Stephenson and telephone conversations
[16]‘Magic’ intercept of a message sent from Berlin to Tokyo on 12 December 1940. It was not decoded until 19 August 1945, when it gave details of a British War Cabinet appreciation of the Far East situation by the Chiefs of Staff. (Wash NA SRNA 0020 RG457, PRO Kew CAB 65/8 and 66/10)
[17]The merchant ship was the S.S. Automeden which was intercepted by the German raider, Atlantis. Before she was sunk she was boarded and her secret papers captured
[18]Montgomery Hyde has recalled that Ellis was always complaining about being short of money. Conversations with the author
[19]Confidential information. Also see Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero, Michael Joseph 1982
[20]Letter from Sir William McMahon’s office
[21]Thwaites, op cit
[22]Poretsky, op cit
[23]Established by reference to agencies dealing with Interdoc. Confirmed by Stevenson, Intrepid’s Last Case, who also records a letter from Ellis in which he states that, while doing his ‘weeding job’ he took the opportunity to ‘slip a few bits of paper into the files’
[24]Explanation of the law given in the House of Lords by Baroness Young, Minister for the Civil Service, to Lord Boyd-Carpenter
[25]F.B.I. documents already cited
[1]Chapter 46: The American Secret Behind the D-Notice Affair (pages 457-62)
1See evidence in the Report of the Committee of Privy Councillors appointed to inquire into D-Notice matters. June 1967, Cmnd 3309
[2]Information from Lord Wigg
[3]Hansard, 28 February 1967, col. 274
[4]See James Bamford, Puzzle Palace, Sidgwick and Jackson 1983, which is extremely informative and well documented on these matters
[5]See Bamford, op cit. Also Senate hearings on National Intelligence Act 1980, pp. 254, 255, 261, et seq
[6]See evidence of Privy Councillors Report
[7]Ibid
[8]Privy Councillors Report
[9]Cmnd 3312, 1967
[10]Hansard, 22 June 1967
[11]Wilson, op cit. See also Marcia Williams (Lady Falkender), Inside No. 10, Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1972
[12]See Chapman Pincher, Inside Story
[13]Daily News, 22 July 1975. The report led to an investigation by a Congressional committee on individual rights
[14]Bamford, op cit
[15]Ibid
[1]Chapter 47: Presents from Prague (pages 463-76)
1Lord Wigg, op cit
[2]Report of Security Commission, Cmnd 3856, 1968
[3]Statement by Harold Wilson, Hansard, 17 November 1966, col. 635
[4]Josef Frolik, The Frolik Defection, Leo Cooper 1975
[5]Abse, op cit
[6]Confidential information
[7]The fitness to serve seems to depend on the Whips, who tend to overestimate their capacity for knowing about the private lives of M.P.s
[8]Trial transcript and Frolik, op cit
[9]August, who was a particularly informative defector, has not written his memoirs, though he planned to do so at one stage (see Chapman Pincher, Inside Story and Their Trade is Treachery). He did, however, give intriguing evidence concerning British M.P.s and trade union leaders to a Senate Judiciary Committee in Washington, which withheld most of it from its published report on 10 July 1976
[10]See Daily Telegraph, 21 December 1981
[11]Trial transcript. Newspaper reports for 17 June 1971 onwards
[12]Confidential information. See Their Trade is Treachery for an account of Driberg’s clandestine activities
[13]Ibid
[14]Ibid
[15]See Tom Driberg, Ruling Passions, Quartet 1978
[16]See Inside Story. Stonehouse gave his own version of his experiences with Czechs in the News of the World, March 1975. August made his allegations to the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committeee
[17]Hansard, 17 December 1974, col. 1353
[18]At the request of Sir Maurice Oldfield I gave a copy of the tape to MI6 and have a receipt for it from Sir Maurice. It went into the MI6 records but led to no further action
[19]Information from a Privy Councillor who made a personal inquiry into this case
[20]The Times, 20 October 1965; Sunday Telegraph, 3 July 1966
[21]Confidential information. Confirmed by Frolik to Tom Mangold in B.B.C. interview
[22]See Freedom and Security under the Law, Commission of Inquiry concerning certain activities of the R.C.M.P., Canadian Government Publishing Centre 1981
[23]E.g. James Callaghan, Hansard, 15 December 1977, col. 912
[24]Confidential information
[25]Contemporary newspaper reports
[26]Information from C.I.A. source
[27]Jan Sejna, We Will Bury You, Sidgwick and Jackson 1982
[28]See David C. Martin, op cit
[29]Thomas Powers, The Man Who Kept the Secrets, Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1979
[30]See Golitsin’s recent book, New Lies for Old, Bodley Head 1984
[31]Confidential information. Also statement by James Angleton: ‘The unique contribution Golitsin has made to the security of several major Western allies has been recognized by them at the highest levels of government’
[1]Chapter 48: The Interrogation of Sir Roger Hollis (pages 477-87)
1Confidential information
[2]Ibid
[3]Ibid
[4]Information from Sir Maurice Oldfield
[5]Information from American sources critical of the British situation
[6]Dr Glees article on the Hollis letters and subsequent conversations
[7]Information from a source who has questioned the Hollis family
[8]See Archie, a symposium edited by Patricia Clarke and David Footman, privately published 1966
[9]Sir Dick White
[10]Letters from Gouzenko and Mrs Gouzenko
[11]See Eleanor Philby’s book The Spy I Loved. Philby’s previous wife, Aileen, appeared to have no inkling that Philby was working for the K.G.B.
[12]Courtney, who had published a book about his disgrace by the K.G.B. (Sailor in a Russian Frame, Johnson 1968) spoke to the Monday Club on 16 December 1971 claiming that Hollis had ‘allowed himself to be placed in a position which was wide open to the type of blackmail at which the K.G.B. is so adept’. See Daily Express, 17 December 1971
[1]Chapter 49: A Belated Purge (pages 488-91)
1Little was said about this in Parliament but the press publicity was immense. See papers for the last week of September 1971
[2]See Edward Heath, Hansard, 21 November 1979, col. 468
[3]See Daily Express, 30 September 1971
[4]Confidential information from Ministry of Defence source
[5]Daily Express, 31 August 1971 and 30 September 1971
[6]Statement by Foreign Office officials
[7]Information from Defence Intelligence source
[8]Confidential information and conversations with Lord Kagan
[9]Statement by Attorney-General Sir Peter Rawlinson in Parliament, 8 November 1971, col. 641. Also private conversation
[10]Gouzenko put forward a five-point plan to encourage defectors by guaranteering citizenship without undue delay for those who could prove their bona fides, lifelong physical protection from revenge squads, material security, assistance in finding employment and recognition of services
[11]Many more K.G.B. and G.R.U. agents have been expelled from Britain and other Western nations since 1971. According to a U.S. State Department report, 147 were expelled from various countries in 1983 – three times as many as in the previous year
[1]Chapter 50: Operation Gridiron (pages 492-9)
1John Sawatsky’s book, For Services Rendered, is a very full study of the Bennett case. I have checked all the material used in this chapter with prime R.C.M.P. sources and with British sources where relevant
[2]Positive vetting was not used in Canada until the Royal Commission on Security published its report in 1968. A further two years elapsed before the R.C.M.P. adopted it
[3]Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence of the Standing Committee on Justice and Legal Affairs, House of Commons (Canada), 24 November 1977, page 2; 30
[4]See For Services Rendered
[1]Chapter 51: The First K7 Report (pages 500-4)
1Departmental Committee on Section 2 of the Official Secrets Act 1911, H.M.S.O. Cmnd 5104, September 1972
[2]Mr Justice Caulfield at the Old Bailey in January 1971
[3]Hansard, 7 May 1963, col. 327
[4]The Times letters, 21 October 1981. See also my response The Times letters, 31 October 1981
[1]Chapter 52: The Second K7 Report (pages 505-9)
1Letters from Gouzenko and conversations
[2]Ibid
[3]Letter from Mrs Gouzenko. Confirmed by Peter Wright, op cit
[4]Letter from Gouzenko
[5]Ibid
[6]Letter from Professor Granatstein
[7]Death certificate, General Register Office
[8]The Times, 6 November 1973
[9]The Sun, 24 January 1974
[1]Chapter 53: An Ultra-Secret Warning (pages 510-14)
1Confidential information from British, Canadian and Australian sources
[2]Ibid
[3]The Times, Peter Hennessy, 3 April 1984
[4]Information from Admiral of the Fleet Lord Hill-Norton
[5]Information from Vice-Admiral Sir Louis Le Bailly
[6]Reported in the Canadian press, e.g. Toronto Star, 27 March 1981
[7]Various exchanges in the Canadian Parliament in March 1981. During one of them Trudeau recalled that ‘Gouzenko had referred to a mole inside the British Intelligence Service, MI5’
[8]Confidential information
[1]Chapter 54: A Secret Verdict of ‘Not Out!’ (pages 515-25)
1Information originally from a confidential source, since confirmed by events and information from various people concerned
[2]Conversations with Lady Falkender
[3]Sir Maurice Oldfield, for instance, told me that he intended to remain the chief of MI6 until he had fixed his successor to his satisfaction, which he did
[4]Hansard, 26 March 1981, col. 1079
[5]Confidential information
[6]Information deriving from some of these witnesses
[7]The attitude to Gouzenko’s evidence is shown by a remark by a former very senior officer who told me that he was not impressed by Gouzenko’s memories in extreme old age. Gouzenko was sixty-two at the time
[8]See Philby, op cit. Confidential information from F.B.I. source
[9]Including Privy Councillors
[10]See Hansard, 26 March 1981, col. 1079
[11]The Times leader, 28 March 1981
[12]See Barrie Penrose and Roger Courtiour, The Pencourt File, Secker and Warburg 1978. Wilson was widely criticized for his approach
[13]I.T.N., News at One, 27 March 1981
[14]Conversation with Harold Wilson
[15]Wilson offered the Kremlin almost £1,000 million worth of credit for trade deals
[16]Hansard, 26 November 1975, col. 827. Daily Express, 27 November 1975. Roy Hattersley announced that seventy-one Soviet inspectors were already attached to British firms. These included firms of interest to the K.G.B. such as Vickers, Swan Hunter, International Computers
[17]Letter from Barrie Penrose
[18]Daily Express, 29 July 1977. For Callaghan’s meeting with security chiefs see Hansard, 21 November 1979, col. 506. Conversation with Merlyn Rees, who was Home Secretary at the time
[19]Information from a member of the panel
[20]In Freedom and the Security Services, published March 1983
[21]See Daily Express, 23 April 1976. Written answer by Anthony Crosland, the Foreign Secretary, Hansard, 30 April 1976, col. 198. The Hungarian spies were not made ‘Persona non grata’.
[22]Markov was murdered in London in September 1978 apparently when standing in a bus queue, when he was prodded by a trick umbrella which implanted a pellet containing the exceptionally poisonous substance ricin
[1]Chapter 55: The Public Exposure of Sir Anthony Blunt (pages 526-33)
1Conversation with Lord Rawlinson
[2]See Heath statement, Blunt Debate, Hansard, 21 November 1979, col. 460
[3]Information from a researcher who interviewed several of these friends
[4]See Chapter 39, Note 12
[5]Conversation with Merlyn Rees
[6]Andrew Boyle, op cit
[7]Hansard, 15 November 1979, col. 477 (Archie Hamilton M.P.)
[8]Hansard, 21 November 1979, col. 402
