Why We Forget and How to Remember Better, page 39
controlling emotion in memories, 145–46
controlling what details go into memories, 142–43
controlling what details you access from memory, 144–45
controlling what details you store internally, 143–44
suggestions for, 146–47
memory cycle, 98–100, 99f
memory lapses, 87–95
memory loss, 181–204
in Alzheimer’s disease, 170–71
causes of, 203–4
medication side effects, 182–83
in PTSD, 213
resources for, 177–78
terminology for, 168–70, 178–79
memory palace, 344–46
memory scar, 206
memory systems, 4–11, 6f
aging, 167
interactions between, 40–42, 63–65
long-term, 5–7
remote, 5–7
short-term, 7
memory tests, 93
Mendeleev, Dmitri, 269
menopause, 189
mental calendars, 220–21
mental diaries, 220–21
mental flexibility exercise, 233
mental imagery. See imagery
mentally stimulating activity, 289–91, 293
mental math, 219–20
mental models, 311–12
meperidine (Demerol), 373
mescaline, 256
mesoridazine (Serentil), 369
metaxalone (Skelaxin), 373
methadone (Dolophine, Methadose), 373
methamphetamine (Desoxyn, Methedrine), 255–56, 257
methocarbamol (Robaxin), 373
method of loci, 344–46
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Molly, ecstasy), 255
methylphenidate (Ritalin), 255–56
methylscopolamine (Extendryl, AlleRx, Rescon, Pamine), 374
metoclopramide (Reglan), 370, 374
migraine medications, 187, 372
mild cognitive impairment, 168–69, 178
milk chocolate, 243
Miller, George, 30
MIND (Mediterranean-DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension] Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay), 236–37, 245
mindfulness, 23–24, 46, 285–86, 293
mindfulness training, 287
mirtazapine (Remeron), 368, 376
misinformation, 121–22, 152–53
misinformation effect, 152–53
Mitchell, Jason, 156–57
mnemonic devices, 135, 139, 343–60, 366
recommendations, 360
sensational mnemonics, 309
mnemonic model of PTSD, 212
Moban (molindone), 369
Mogadon (nitrazepam), 370, 375
Molaison, Henry (H.M.), viii, 3–4, 10, 23
molindone (Moban), 369
Molly (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA, ecstasy), 255
mood-boosting exercise, 231–32
morphine (MS Contin, Kadian, Morphabond), 373
motivation, 305–6
motor cortex, 22f
MS Contin (morphine), 373
multiple personality disorder, 202–3
multiple sclerosis, 23, 194–95
multitasking, 37–40, 45, 90, 94, 308–9
muscle memory, 6–7, 13–25
muscle relaxants, 373
music, 283–85, 293
music therapy, 284
Mysoline (primidone), 375, 376
nalbuphine (Nalbuphine), 373
names, 333–41, 365–66
learning, 95, 112, 333–38, 341, 365
retrieving, 127, 338–40, 341, 365–66
narcissism, national, 77–78
narcotics, 187, 372, 373–74
narratives
controlling, 207–8
shared, 77–79
stories, 47, 57, 58, 172
National Institutes of Health, 229
national narcissism, 77–78
nausea medications, 374
Navane (thiothixene), 369
Nedergaard, Maiken, 271–72
Neisser, Ulrich, 158
neurologic disorders, 44, 193–97, 203
Neurontin (gabapentin), 372, 375, 376
neuroscience, cognitive, xii–xiii
neurotransmitters, 182–83
nicotine, 279
nitrazepam (Mogadon), 370, 375
Nolan, Christopher, vii
nondeclarative memory, 5, 6–7
non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia, 177
Norflex (orphenadrine), 373
normal aging, 164–67, 168, 169f, 178
Alzheimer’s plus, 171
resources for more information, 177–78
semantic memory, 69, 166
normal pressure hydrocephalus, 44, 176
Norpramin (desipramine), 368
nortriptyline (Pamelor, Aventyl), 368, 372
novel, mentally stimulating activity, 289–91, 293
novelty-seeking activity, 289–90
Nucynta (tapentadol), 374
numbers, 349–53
addresses, 313
magical 7 and 4, 30–31
passcodes and credit card numbers, 351
phone numbers, 30–31
phonetic number peg list, 353–54, 360, 366
phonetic number system, 349–51, 360, 366
pi, 352–53
strategies for learning, 101–2, 311, 313
Nuplazid (pimavanserin), 369
nutrition, 235–46
beverages, 242
for brain health, 246
B vitamins, 240–41
dessert, 243
diets, foods, and spices we don’t recommend, 243–45
eating healthy, 245
eating healthy on a budget, 245–46
fish, 237–38
general principles, 236
Mediterranean-style eating, 236–37, 245, 246
omega-3 fatty acids, 239–40
once-in-a-while foods, 241–42, 246
vitamin D, 240
whole grains, 238–39
obesity, 230–31
O’Connor, Maureen K., 177–78, 298
olanzapine (Zyprexa), 369
older adults
memory systems, 167
music therapy for, 284
older frontal lobes, 164
omega-3 fatty acids, 239–40
Onfi (clobazam), 370, 375
Onsolis (fentanyl), 373
Opana (oxymorphone), 374
opioids, 256, 257, 373–74
opium, 374
opportunistic infections, 190
ordering events, 135–36
organ failure, 193
organization
general principle, 299
for learning information, 101–3, 108, 111, 310–11, 330
ordering events, 135–36
for remembering information, 89–90
orphenadrine (Norflex), 373
Oscimin (hyoscyamine), 374, 376
outsourcing memory, 144, 146
overweight, 230–31
Oxaydo (oxycodone), 374
oxazepam (Serax), 370, 373
oxybutynin (Ditropan), 372
oxycodone (OxyContin, Oxaydo, Percocet, Roxicet), 374
oxycodone–acetaminophen (Percocet), 256, 372, 374
oxymorphone (Opana), 374
paliperidone (Invega), 369
Paller, Ken, 158–59, 267
Pamelor (nortriptyline), 368, 372
Pamine (methylscopolamine), 374
Panadol (acetaminophen), 275
paracetamol, 275
parietal lobe, 53, 54f
Parkinson’s disease, 23, 176–77
Parkinson’s disease dementia, 176–77
paroxetine (Paxil), 368
partial complex seizures, 194
passcodes, 351
passwords, 355–56, 360, 366
Paxil (paroxetine), 368
Pearce, Guy, vii–viii
peg lists, 353–55, 360, 366
phonetic number peg list, 353–54, 360, 366
rhyming peg list, 354, 360, 366
peg word technique, 135
pentazocine (Talwin), 374
Percocet (oxycodone–acetaminophen), 256, 372, 374
perphenazine (Trilafon), 369
Pertofrane (desipramine), 368
petit mal seizures, 194
Phenadoz (promethazine), 370
Phenergan (promethazine), 370
phenobarbital, 375
phenytoin (Dilantin), 375
phone numbers, 30–31
phonetic number peg list, 353–54, 360, 366
phonetic number system, 349–51, 360, 366
phonological loop, 31, 35f, 38
photographic memory, 216
physical activity. See also exercise
dancing, 284, 285
physical health
exercise benefits, 230–32, 233
sleep benefits, 269–71, 272, 273
pi, 352–53
pillboxes, 302–3, 363
pimavanserin (Nuplazid), 369
pituitary gland, 193–94
places, special, 299–300
planners, 300–1, 303
playing cards, 356–58, 360, 366
positive attitude, 287–89
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 205–13
PowerPoint pictures, 347–48
practice, 15, 16, 20–21, 338
recommendations for, 25
spacing out, 17–18, 25
varying, 19–20, 25
prefrontal cortex, 130, 131f, 131–32
alcohol and, 248–49
episodic memory, 52–53
key actions, 52–53
normal aging, 164–65
working memory, 42–43, 164–65
pregabalin (Lyrica), 375
premotor cortex, 22f
prescription medications. See medications
presence, 223
presentations, 311–12, 347–48
prevagen, 244–45
Price, Jill, 215
primary progressive aphasia, 177
logopenic variant, 177
non-fluent/agrammatic variant, 177
semantic variant, 70, 177
primidone (Mysoline), 375, 376
priming, 6f, 7
prioritizing details, 142
prioritizing the right content, 105–8
priority cues, 146
problem solving, 322–23
Probuphine (buprenorphine), 373
procedural memory, 6f, 6–7, 9–10, 13–25, 38
alcohol and, 248
in Alzheimer’s disease, 173
anatomical system, 21–23, 22f
brain diseases that disrupt, 23
brain regions important for, 21–23, 22f
cannabis and, 251
consolidation, 266
definition of, 13–14
interactions with working memory, 40
normal aging, 166–67
ways to improve, 25, 364
ways to use, 11
procedures, 111
prochlorperazine (Compro), 374
progressive aphasia, primary, 70, 177
project management, 301–2, 303, 363
Prolixin (fluphenazine), 368
promethazine (Phenadoz, Phenergan, Promethegan), 370
propantheline (Pro-Banthine), 374
propoxyphene (Darvon), 374
Prosom (estazolam), 370, 375
prospective memory errors, 122
protriptyline (Vivactil), 368, 372
psilocybin, 256
psychedelics, 256–57
psychiatric disorders, 44, 197–203, 204
psychogenic amnesia, 202
psychology, experimental, xii–xiii
Qudexy (topiramate), 375
quetiapine (Seroquel), 369, 376
ramelteon (Rozerem), 376
rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, 263f, 264–65, 268–69
functions of, 270
health benefits, 270
rapid forgetting, 171–72, 179
readiness, 299
Reagila (cariprazine), 369
recall-to-reject strategy, 160
receptors, 182–83
recharging, 309
recollection, 130. See also retrieving memories
brain regions important for, 130–32, 131f
conscious, 53, 54f
re-encoding, 98–100
reflection upon your retrieval, 329
Reglan (metoclopramide), 370, 374
rehearsal, 158–59
relations, making, 101–3, 108, 111, 330. See also associations
relaxation
recommended approaches, 323
to reduce anxiety, 307
to retrieve memories, 125, 323–24
to retrieve names, 338
Remeron (mirtazapine), 368, 376
remifentanil (Ultiva), 374
reminders, 302, 303, 363
reminiscing, 80–81, 83
remote memory, 5–7
REM (rapid-eye-movement) sleep, 263f, 264–65
repetition, 334–35, 337–38
Rescon (methylscopolamine), 374
resources for more information, 177–78
Restoril (temazepam), 370, 376
resveratrol, 243–44
retrieval cues, 121–23, 139
creating, 125–26, 324
diverse, 324
general, 121, 125–26, 324, 339
generating, 339–40
priority, 146
specific, 121
retrieving memories, 99f, 115–27
conscious recollection, 53, 54f
episodic memory, 50–51, 98
failures, 115–16, 131–32
key principles, 124
key steps, 125–27
long-term memory, 29–30
mnemonics for, 135
peg word technique, 135
putting it together, 130–32
reflection on, 329
remembering details, 129
semantic memory, 66–67
shared memory, 80–81
strategies for, 124–27, 365
retrieving names, 338–40, 341, 365–66
Rexulti (brexpiprazole), 369
rhyming peg list, 354, 360, 366
Ribot, Théodule-Armand, 47–48
Ribot’s law, 47–48, 57–58
risperidone (Risperdal), 369
Ritalin (methylphenidate), 255–56
Robaxin (methocarbamol), 373
Robinul (glycopyrrolate), 374
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 190
Roediger, Henry, 77–78, 153–54, 298
routines
in Alzheimer’s disease, 173
general principle, 299
Roxicet (oxycodone), 374
Rozerem (ramelteon), 376
Rubin, David, 212
Sanctura (trospium), 372
Sanders, Kristin, 268–69
Saphris (asenapine), 369
savants, 219–21
savoring moments, 11, 92, 95
scaffolding, 74–77, 89–90
scars, memory, 206
Schacter, Dan, 156–57
schizophrenia, 200–1
school. See also studying
sleep and, 273–74
scopolamine (hyoscine), 370, 374
seizure medications, 187, 372, 374–75
seizures, 194
self-concept, 107
self-expertise, 217
semantic dementia, 70, 177
semantic memory, 5, 6f, 8, 61–71
in Alzheimer’s disease, 172–73
interactions with episodic memory, 63–65
interactions with working memory, 40
in normal aging, 69, 166
storage locations, 67–69, 265
ways to improve, 70–71
ways to use, 11
semantic people, 66
semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, 70, 177
sensational mnemonics, 309
sensory cortex, 23
sensory dimensions, 107, 112
sensory memory, 6f, 7–8, 9, 29, 309, 316
Serax (oxazepam), 370, 373
Serentil (mesoridazine), 369
Seroquel (quetiapine), 369, 376
shared memory. See also collective memory
disputes, 81–82
power of, 74
retrieving, 80–81
shared narratives, 77–79, 81–82
shared scaffolding, 74–77
Shelby, Leonard (fictional character), vii
shell shock, 210
short-term memory, 6f, 7
Sinequan (doxepin), 368, 372, 375
Skelaxin (metaxalone), 373
skill learning, 13–14
acquiring new skills, 14–16
anatomical system, 21–23, 22f
brain regions important for, 21–23, 22f
with coaches and teachers, 16–17
with feedback, 16
how to improve, 25
interference, 18–19
offline, 18
practice, 15, 16, 17, 19–21
between practice sessions, 18
sleeping on it, 17
spacing out, 17, 25
stage 1, 14–15
stage 2, 15
stage 3, 15
starting slow, 19–20
technique, 16–17
sleep, 259–80
exercise benefits, 231, 279
functions of, 269–70
health benefits, 269–71, 272, 273
for learning, 17, 261–62, 263f, 273–74, 276–77, 328–29, 331
memory benefits, 71, 260–61, 265–67
non-REM (NREM), 263f, 264–66, 267
rapid-eye-movement (REM), 263f, 264–65, 268–69, 270
stages of, 263f, 264–65
ways to enhance, 277–80
sleep aids
antihistamines, 185
nonpharmacological, 276, 277–80
recommendations against, 275–76
sleeping pills, 187, 274–76, 375–76
sleep cycles, 263f, 264–65
sleep debt, 260
sleep deprivation, 272–73
sleep disorders, 274
sleep disturbances, 210–11
sleep drives, 260–61
sleep logs, 280
sleep pressure, 260
social activity, 282–83
dancing, 284, 285
recommendations for, 293
social media, 290
sodium valproate (Depakote), 372, 375
solifenacin (Vesicare), 372
Soma (carisoprodol), 373
Sonata (zaleplon), 376
sources of information, 132–33, 152
special places, 299–300
speeches, 347–48
Speer, Megan, 80–81
spelling names, 334
St. John’s wort, 371
status epilepticus, 194
Stelazine (trifluoperazine), 369
Stickgold, Robert, 268
stomach medications, 374
storing items, 299–300
storing memories, 99f, 104–5, 130–31
controlling what details you store internally, 143–44
failures, 103–4
memory cycle, 98
controlling what details go into memories, 142–43
controlling what details you access from memory, 144–45
controlling what details you store internally, 143–44
suggestions for, 146–47
memory cycle, 98–100, 99f
memory lapses, 87–95
memory loss, 181–204
in Alzheimer’s disease, 170–71
causes of, 203–4
medication side effects, 182–83
in PTSD, 213
resources for, 177–78
terminology for, 168–70, 178–79
memory palace, 344–46
memory scar, 206
memory systems, 4–11, 6f
aging, 167
interactions between, 40–42, 63–65
long-term, 5–7
remote, 5–7
short-term, 7
memory tests, 93
Mendeleev, Dmitri, 269
menopause, 189
mental calendars, 220–21
mental diaries, 220–21
mental flexibility exercise, 233
mental imagery. See imagery
mentally stimulating activity, 289–91, 293
mental math, 219–20
mental models, 311–12
meperidine (Demerol), 373
mescaline, 256
mesoridazine (Serentil), 369
metaxalone (Skelaxin), 373
methadone (Dolophine, Methadose), 373
methamphetamine (Desoxyn, Methedrine), 255–56, 257
methocarbamol (Robaxin), 373
method of loci, 344–46
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Molly, ecstasy), 255
methylphenidate (Ritalin), 255–56
methylscopolamine (Extendryl, AlleRx, Rescon, Pamine), 374
metoclopramide (Reglan), 370, 374
migraine medications, 187, 372
mild cognitive impairment, 168–69, 178
milk chocolate, 243
Miller, George, 30
MIND (Mediterranean-DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension] Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay), 236–37, 245
mindfulness, 23–24, 46, 285–86, 293
mindfulness training, 287
mirtazapine (Remeron), 368, 376
misinformation, 121–22, 152–53
misinformation effect, 152–53
Mitchell, Jason, 156–57
mnemonic devices, 135, 139, 343–60, 366
recommendations, 360
sensational mnemonics, 309
mnemonic model of PTSD, 212
Moban (molindone), 369
Mogadon (nitrazepam), 370, 375
Molaison, Henry (H.M.), viii, 3–4, 10, 23
molindone (Moban), 369
Molly (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA, ecstasy), 255
mood-boosting exercise, 231–32
morphine (MS Contin, Kadian, Morphabond), 373
motivation, 305–6
motor cortex, 22f
MS Contin (morphine), 373
multiple personality disorder, 202–3
multiple sclerosis, 23, 194–95
multitasking, 37–40, 45, 90, 94, 308–9
muscle memory, 6–7, 13–25
muscle relaxants, 373
music, 283–85, 293
music therapy, 284
Mysoline (primidone), 375, 376
nalbuphine (Nalbuphine), 373
names, 333–41, 365–66
learning, 95, 112, 333–38, 341, 365
retrieving, 127, 338–40, 341, 365–66
narcissism, national, 77–78
narcotics, 187, 372, 373–74
narratives
controlling, 207–8
shared, 77–79
stories, 47, 57, 58, 172
National Institutes of Health, 229
national narcissism, 77–78
nausea medications, 374
Navane (thiothixene), 369
Nedergaard, Maiken, 271–72
Neisser, Ulrich, 158
neurologic disorders, 44, 193–97, 203
Neurontin (gabapentin), 372, 375, 376
neuroscience, cognitive, xii–xiii
neurotransmitters, 182–83
nicotine, 279
nitrazepam (Mogadon), 370, 375
Nolan, Christopher, vii
nondeclarative memory, 5, 6–7
non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia, 177
Norflex (orphenadrine), 373
normal aging, 164–67, 168, 169f, 178
Alzheimer’s plus, 171
resources for more information, 177–78
semantic memory, 69, 166
normal pressure hydrocephalus, 44, 176
Norpramin (desipramine), 368
nortriptyline (Pamelor, Aventyl), 368, 372
novel, mentally stimulating activity, 289–91, 293
novelty-seeking activity, 289–90
Nucynta (tapentadol), 374
numbers, 349–53
addresses, 313
magical 7 and 4, 30–31
passcodes and credit card numbers, 351
phone numbers, 30–31
phonetic number peg list, 353–54, 360, 366
phonetic number system, 349–51, 360, 366
pi, 352–53
strategies for learning, 101–2, 311, 313
Nuplazid (pimavanserin), 369
nutrition, 235–46
beverages, 242
for brain health, 246
B vitamins, 240–41
dessert, 243
diets, foods, and spices we don’t recommend, 243–45
eating healthy, 245
eating healthy on a budget, 245–46
fish, 237–38
general principles, 236
Mediterranean-style eating, 236–37, 245, 246
omega-3 fatty acids, 239–40
once-in-a-while foods, 241–42, 246
vitamin D, 240
whole grains, 238–39
obesity, 230–31
O’Connor, Maureen K., 177–78, 298
olanzapine (Zyprexa), 369
older adults
memory systems, 167
music therapy for, 284
older frontal lobes, 164
omega-3 fatty acids, 239–40
Onfi (clobazam), 370, 375
Onsolis (fentanyl), 373
Opana (oxymorphone), 374
opioids, 256, 257, 373–74
opium, 374
opportunistic infections, 190
ordering events, 135–36
organ failure, 193
organization
general principle, 299
for learning information, 101–3, 108, 111, 310–11, 330
ordering events, 135–36
for remembering information, 89–90
orphenadrine (Norflex), 373
Oscimin (hyoscyamine), 374, 376
outsourcing memory, 144, 146
overweight, 230–31
Oxaydo (oxycodone), 374
oxazepam (Serax), 370, 373
oxybutynin (Ditropan), 372
oxycodone (OxyContin, Oxaydo, Percocet, Roxicet), 374
oxycodone–acetaminophen (Percocet), 256, 372, 374
oxymorphone (Opana), 374
paliperidone (Invega), 369
Paller, Ken, 158–59, 267
Pamelor (nortriptyline), 368, 372
Pamine (methylscopolamine), 374
Panadol (acetaminophen), 275
paracetamol, 275
parietal lobe, 53, 54f
Parkinson’s disease, 23, 176–77
Parkinson’s disease dementia, 176–77
paroxetine (Paxil), 368
partial complex seizures, 194
passcodes, 351
passwords, 355–56, 360, 366
Paxil (paroxetine), 368
Pearce, Guy, vii–viii
peg lists, 353–55, 360, 366
phonetic number peg list, 353–54, 360, 366
rhyming peg list, 354, 360, 366
peg word technique, 135
pentazocine (Talwin), 374
Percocet (oxycodone–acetaminophen), 256, 372, 374
perphenazine (Trilafon), 369
Pertofrane (desipramine), 368
petit mal seizures, 194
Phenadoz (promethazine), 370
Phenergan (promethazine), 370
phenobarbital, 375
phenytoin (Dilantin), 375
phone numbers, 30–31
phonetic number peg list, 353–54, 360, 366
phonetic number system, 349–51, 360, 366
phonological loop, 31, 35f, 38
photographic memory, 216
physical activity. See also exercise
dancing, 284, 285
physical health
exercise benefits, 230–32, 233
sleep benefits, 269–71, 272, 273
pi, 352–53
pillboxes, 302–3, 363
pimavanserin (Nuplazid), 369
pituitary gland, 193–94
places, special, 299–300
planners, 300–1, 303
playing cards, 356–58, 360, 366
positive attitude, 287–89
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 205–13
PowerPoint pictures, 347–48
practice, 15, 16, 20–21, 338
recommendations for, 25
spacing out, 17–18, 25
varying, 19–20, 25
prefrontal cortex, 130, 131f, 131–32
alcohol and, 248–49
episodic memory, 52–53
key actions, 52–53
normal aging, 164–65
working memory, 42–43, 164–65
pregabalin (Lyrica), 375
premotor cortex, 22f
prescription medications. See medications
presence, 223
presentations, 311–12, 347–48
prevagen, 244–45
Price, Jill, 215
primary progressive aphasia, 177
logopenic variant, 177
non-fluent/agrammatic variant, 177
semantic variant, 70, 177
primidone (Mysoline), 375, 376
priming, 6f, 7
prioritizing details, 142
prioritizing the right content, 105–8
priority cues, 146
problem solving, 322–23
Probuphine (buprenorphine), 373
procedural memory, 6f, 6–7, 9–10, 13–25, 38
alcohol and, 248
in Alzheimer’s disease, 173
anatomical system, 21–23, 22f
brain diseases that disrupt, 23
brain regions important for, 21–23, 22f
cannabis and, 251
consolidation, 266
definition of, 13–14
interactions with working memory, 40
normal aging, 166–67
ways to improve, 25, 364
ways to use, 11
procedures, 111
prochlorperazine (Compro), 374
progressive aphasia, primary, 70, 177
project management, 301–2, 303, 363
Prolixin (fluphenazine), 368
promethazine (Phenadoz, Phenergan, Promethegan), 370
propantheline (Pro-Banthine), 374
propoxyphene (Darvon), 374
Prosom (estazolam), 370, 375
prospective memory errors, 122
protriptyline (Vivactil), 368, 372
psilocybin, 256
psychedelics, 256–57
psychiatric disorders, 44, 197–203, 204
psychogenic amnesia, 202
psychology, experimental, xii–xiii
Qudexy (topiramate), 375
quetiapine (Seroquel), 369, 376
ramelteon (Rozerem), 376
rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, 263f, 264–65, 268–69
functions of, 270
health benefits, 270
rapid forgetting, 171–72, 179
readiness, 299
Reagila (cariprazine), 369
recall-to-reject strategy, 160
receptors, 182–83
recharging, 309
recollection, 130. See also retrieving memories
brain regions important for, 130–32, 131f
conscious, 53, 54f
re-encoding, 98–100
reflection upon your retrieval, 329
Reglan (metoclopramide), 370, 374
rehearsal, 158–59
relations, making, 101–3, 108, 111, 330. See also associations
relaxation
recommended approaches, 323
to reduce anxiety, 307
to retrieve memories, 125, 323–24
to retrieve names, 338
Remeron (mirtazapine), 368, 376
remifentanil (Ultiva), 374
reminders, 302, 303, 363
reminiscing, 80–81, 83
remote memory, 5–7
REM (rapid-eye-movement) sleep, 263f, 264–65
repetition, 334–35, 337–38
Rescon (methylscopolamine), 374
resources for more information, 177–78
Restoril (temazepam), 370, 376
resveratrol, 243–44
retrieval cues, 121–23, 139
creating, 125–26, 324
diverse, 324
general, 121, 125–26, 324, 339
generating, 339–40
priority, 146
specific, 121
retrieving memories, 99f, 115–27
conscious recollection, 53, 54f
episodic memory, 50–51, 98
failures, 115–16, 131–32
key principles, 124
key steps, 125–27
long-term memory, 29–30
mnemonics for, 135
peg word technique, 135
putting it together, 130–32
reflection on, 329
remembering details, 129
semantic memory, 66–67
shared memory, 80–81
strategies for, 124–27, 365
retrieving names, 338–40, 341, 365–66
Rexulti (brexpiprazole), 369
rhyming peg list, 354, 360, 366
Ribot, Théodule-Armand, 47–48
Ribot’s law, 47–48, 57–58
risperidone (Risperdal), 369
Ritalin (methylphenidate), 255–56
Robaxin (methocarbamol), 373
Robinul (glycopyrrolate), 374
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 190
Roediger, Henry, 77–78, 153–54, 298
routines
in Alzheimer’s disease, 173
general principle, 299
Roxicet (oxycodone), 374
Rozerem (ramelteon), 376
Rubin, David, 212
Sanctura (trospium), 372
Sanders, Kristin, 268–69
Saphris (asenapine), 369
savants, 219–21
savoring moments, 11, 92, 95
scaffolding, 74–77, 89–90
scars, memory, 206
Schacter, Dan, 156–57
schizophrenia, 200–1
school. See also studying
sleep and, 273–74
scopolamine (hyoscine), 370, 374
seizure medications, 187, 372, 374–75
seizures, 194
self-concept, 107
self-expertise, 217
semantic dementia, 70, 177
semantic memory, 5, 6f, 8, 61–71
in Alzheimer’s disease, 172–73
interactions with episodic memory, 63–65
interactions with working memory, 40
in normal aging, 69, 166
storage locations, 67–69, 265
ways to improve, 70–71
ways to use, 11
semantic people, 66
semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, 70, 177
sensational mnemonics, 309
sensory cortex, 23
sensory dimensions, 107, 112
sensory memory, 6f, 7–8, 9, 29, 309, 316
Serax (oxazepam), 370, 373
Serentil (mesoridazine), 369
Seroquel (quetiapine), 369, 376
shared memory. See also collective memory
disputes, 81–82
power of, 74
retrieving, 80–81
shared narratives, 77–79, 81–82
shared scaffolding, 74–77
Shelby, Leonard (fictional character), vii
shell shock, 210
short-term memory, 6f, 7
Sinequan (doxepin), 368, 372, 375
Skelaxin (metaxalone), 373
skill learning, 13–14
acquiring new skills, 14–16
anatomical system, 21–23, 22f
brain regions important for, 21–23, 22f
with coaches and teachers, 16–17
with feedback, 16
how to improve, 25
interference, 18–19
offline, 18
practice, 15, 16, 17, 19–21
between practice sessions, 18
sleeping on it, 17
spacing out, 17, 25
stage 1, 14–15
stage 2, 15
stage 3, 15
starting slow, 19–20
technique, 16–17
sleep, 259–80
exercise benefits, 231, 279
functions of, 269–70
health benefits, 269–71, 272, 273
for learning, 17, 261–62, 263f, 273–74, 276–77, 328–29, 331
memory benefits, 71, 260–61, 265–67
non-REM (NREM), 263f, 264–66, 267
rapid-eye-movement (REM), 263f, 264–65, 268–69, 270
stages of, 263f, 264–65
ways to enhance, 277–80
sleep aids
antihistamines, 185
nonpharmacological, 276, 277–80
recommendations against, 275–76
sleeping pills, 187, 274–76, 375–76
sleep cycles, 263f, 264–65
sleep debt, 260
sleep deprivation, 272–73
sleep disorders, 274
sleep disturbances, 210–11
sleep drives, 260–61
sleep logs, 280
sleep pressure, 260
social activity, 282–83
dancing, 284, 285
recommendations for, 293
social media, 290
sodium valproate (Depakote), 372, 375
solifenacin (Vesicare), 372
Soma (carisoprodol), 373
Sonata (zaleplon), 376
sources of information, 132–33, 152
special places, 299–300
speeches, 347–48
Speer, Megan, 80–81
spelling names, 334
St. John’s wort, 371
status epilepticus, 194
Stelazine (trifluoperazine), 369
Stickgold, Robert, 268
stomach medications, 374
storing items, 299–300
storing memories, 99f, 104–5, 130–31
controlling what details you store internally, 143–44
failures, 103–4
memory cycle, 98
