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2. Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(1), 87–185. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01003922
3. Ericsson, K. A., & Chase, W. G. (1982). Exceptional memory: Extraordinary feats of memory can be matched or surpassed by people with average memories that have been improved by training. American Scientist, 70(6), 607–615. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27851732
4. Repovs, G., & Baddeley, A. (2006). The multi-component model of working memory: Explorations in experimental cognitive psychology. Neuroscience, 139(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.12.061
5. Mazoyer, B., Zago, L., Jobard, G., Crivello, F., Joliot, M., Perchey, G., Mellet, E., Petit, L., & Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. (2014). Gaussian mixture modeling of hemispheric lateralization for language in a large sample of healthy individuals balanced for handedness. PloS One, 9(6), e101165. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101165
6. Badre, D. (2008). Cognitive control, hierarchy, and the rostro-caudal organization of the frontal lobes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 193–200.
7. Shaw, P., Kabani, N. J., Lerch, J. P., Eckstrand, K., Lenroot, R., Gogtay, N., Greenstein, D., Clasen, L., Evans, A., Rapoport, J. L., Giedd, J. N., & Wise, S. P. (2008). Neurodevelopmental trajectories of the human cerebral cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 3586–3594.
Chapter 4: Travel back in time
1. Ribot, T. (1882). The diseases of memory. Appleton.
2. Ally, B. A., Simons, J. S., McKeever, J. D., Peers, P. V., & Budson, A. E. (2008). Parietal contributions to recollection: Electrophysiological evidence from aging and patients with parietal lesions. Neuropsychologia, 46(7), 1800–1812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.026
3. Moscovitch, M., Cabeza, R., Winocur, G., & Nadel, L. (2016). Episodic memory and beyond: The hippocampus and neocortex in transformation. Annual Review of Psychology, 67, 105–134. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143733
Chapter 5: What you know
1. Damasio, H., Grabowski, T. J., Tranel, D., Hichwa, R. D., & Damasio, A. R. (1996). A neural basis for lexical retrieval. Nature, 380(6574), 499–505. https://doi.org/10.1038/380499a0
Chapter 6: What we remember together
1. Congleton, A. R., & Rajaram, S. (2014). Collaboration changes both the content and the structure of memory: Building the architecture of shared representations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(4), 1570–1584.
2. Roediger, H. L., & DeSoto, A. (2016). The power of collective memory. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-power-of-collective-memory/
3. Gokhale, A. A. (1995). Collaborative learning enhances critical thinking. Journal of Technology Education, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.21061/jte.v7i1.a.2
4. Rajaram, S. (2011). Collaboration both hurts and helps memory: A cognitive perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(2), 76–81. doi:10.1177/0963721411403251
5. Speer, M. E., Bhanji, J. P., & Delgado, M. R. (2014). Savoring the past: Positive memories evoke value representations in the striatum. Neuron, 84(4), 847–856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.09.028
6. Sheen, M., Kemp, S., & Rubin, D. (2001). Twins dispute memory ownership: A new false memory phenomenon. Memory & Cognition, 29, 779–788.
7. French, L., Gerrie, M. P., Garry, M., & Mori, K. (2009). Evidence for the efficacy of the MORI technique: Viewers do not notice or implicitly remember details from the alternate movie version. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1224–1232. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1224
Chapter 7: Do you need to try to remember?
1. Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In E. Tulving, & W. Donaldson (Eds.), Organization of memory (pp. 381–403). Academic Press.
2. Renoult, L., & Rugg, M.D. (2020). An historical perspective on Endel Tulving’s episodic-semantic distinction. Neuropsychologia, 139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107366
3. Nickerson, R. S., & Adams, M. J. (1979). Long-term memory for a common object. Cognitive Psychology, 11(3), 287–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(79)90013-6
4. Brandsford, J. D. (1972). Contextual prerequisites for understanding: Some investigations of comprehension and recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(16), 717–726.
5. Craik, F. I. M., Govoni, R., Naveh-Benjamin, M., & Anderson, N. D. (1996). The effects of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes in human memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125(2), 159–180. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.125.2.159
6. Rahhal, T. A., Hasher, L., & Colcombe, S. J. (2001). Instructional manipulations and age differences in memory: Now you see them, now you don’t. Psychology and Aging, 16(4), 697–706. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.16.4.697
Chapter 8: Get it into your memory—and keep it there
1. Oliva, A., & Torralba, A. (2006). Building the gist of a scene: The role of global image features in recognition. Progress in Brain Research, 155, 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(06)55002-2
2. Gobet, F. (1998). Expert memory: A comparison of four theories. Cognition, 66(2), 115–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00020-1
3. Ebbinghaus, H. (1885). Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology. New York by Teachers College, Columbia University. Translated by Henry A. Ruger & Clara E. Bussenius (1913). http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Ebbinghaus/index.htm
4. Schacter, D. L. (2001, May 1). The seven sins of memory. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/200105/the-seven-sins-memory
5. Cooper, R. A., Kensinger, E. A., & Ritchey, M. (2019). Memories fade: The relationship between memory vividness and remembered visual salience. Psychological Science, 30(5), 657–668. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619836093
6. Richter-Levin, G., & Akirav, I. (2003). Emotional tagging of memory formation—in the search for neural mechanisms. Brain Research Reviews, 43(3), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2003.08.005
7. Hunt, R. R., & Worthen, J. B. (Eds.). (2006). Distinctiveness and memory. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195169669.001.0001
8. MacLeod, C. M., Gopie, N., Hourihan, K. L., Neary, K. R., & Ozubko, J. D. (2010). The production effect: Delineation of a phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36(3), 671–685. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018785
9. The benefits of forgetting were espoused by the philosopher William James in The Principles of Psychology, when he wrote, “In the practical use of our intellect, forgetting is as important a function as remembering.” And these benefits have continued to be supported by scientific research (https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-019-02211-5/d41586-019-02211-5.pdf).
10. Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., & Buckner, R. L. (2007). Remembering the past to imagine the future: The prospective brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(9), 657–661. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2213
Chapter 9: Retrieve that memory
1. Josselyn, S. A., Köhler, S., & Frankland, P. W. (2017). Heroes of the Engram. Journal of Neuroscience, 37(18), 4647–4657. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0056-17.2017
2. Brown, R., & McNeill, D. (1966). The “tip-of-the-tongue” phenomenon. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5, 325–337.
3. Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological Review, 107(2), 261–288. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.107.2.261
4. Nadel, L., & Moscovitch, M. (1997). Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 7, 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80010-4
5. McDaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (2007). Prospective memory: An overview and synthesis of an emerging field. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781452225913
6. Godden, D. R., & Baddeley, A. D. (1975). Context-dependent memory in two natural environments: On land and underwater. British Journal of Psychology, 66(3), 325–331.
Chapter 10: Associate information
1. Yonelinas, A. P. (2001). Components of episodic memory: The contribution of recollection and familiarity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 356(1413), 1363–1374. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0939
2. Johnson, M. K. (1997). Source monitoring and memory distortion. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 352(1362), 1733–1745. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0156
3. Gopie, N., & MacLeod, C. (2009). “Destination memory: Stop me if I’ve told you this before.” Psychological Science, 20, 1492–1499. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02472.x
4. Davachi, L., & DuBrow, S. (2015). How the hippocampus preserves order: The role of prediction and context. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(2), 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.12.004
5. Walker, W. R., & Skowronski, J. J. (2009). The fading affect bias: But what the hell is it for? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23(8), 1122–1136. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1614
6. Kensinger, E. A., Garoff-Eaton, R. J., & Schacter, D. L. (2007). Effects of emotion on memory specificity: Memory trade-offs elicited by negative visually arousing stimuli. Journal of Memory and Language, 56, 575–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2006.05.004
7. Schlichting, M. L., & Preston, A. R. (2015). Memory integration: Neural mechanisms and implications for behavior. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 1, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2014.07.005
Chapter 11: Control what you forget and remember
1. Dunsmoor, J. E., Murty, V. P., Davachi, L., & Phelps, E. A. (2015). Emotional learning selectively and retroactively strengthens episodic memories for related events. Nature, 520, 345–348.
2. Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory. In H. L. Roediger & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honour of Endel Tulving (pp. 309–330). Erlbaum.
3. Guillory, J. J., & Geraci, L. (2016). The persistence of erroneous information in memory: The effect of valence on the acceptance of corrected information. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 30(2), 282–288. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3183
4. Wegner, D. M. (1987). Transactive memory: A contemporary analysis of the group mind. In B. Mullen & G. R. Goethals (Eds.), Theories of group behavior (pp. 185–208). Springer Series in Social Psychology. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4634-3_9
5. Jackson, M., & Moreland, R. L. (2009). Transactive memory in the classroom. Small Group Research, 40(5), 508–534. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496409340703
6. Gagnepain, P., Hulbert, J., & Anderson, M. C. (2017). Parallel regulation of memory and emotion supports the suppression of intrusive memories. Journal of Neuroscience, 37(27), 6423–6441. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2732-16.2017
7. Anderson, M. C., & Hanslmayr, S. (2014). Neural mechanisms of motivated forgetting. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(6), 279–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.03.002
Chapter 12: Are you sure that’s not a false memory?
1. Wixted, J. T., & Wells, G. L. (2017). The relationship between eyewitness confidence and identification accuracy: A new synthesis. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 18(1), 10–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100616686966
2. Wade, K. A., Garry, M., Don Read, J., & Lindsay, D. S. (2002). A picture is worth a thousand lies: Using false photographs to create false childhood memories. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 597–603. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196318
3. Steblay, N. K., Wells, G. L., & Douglass, A. B. (2014). The eyewitness post identification feedback effect 15 years later: Theoretical and policy implications. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 20(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000001
4. Loftus, E. F., & Hoffman, H. G. (1989). Misinformation and memory: The creation of new memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118(1), 100–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.118.1.100
5. Loftus, E. F., Miller, D. G., & Burns, H. J. (1978). Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.4.1.19
6. Otgaar, H., Romeo, T., Ramakers, N., & Howe, M. L. (2018). Forgetting having denied: The “amnesic” consequences of denial. Memory & Cognition, 46(4), 520–529. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-017-0781-5
7. Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803–814. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803
8. Mitchell, J. P., Sullivan, A. L., Schacter, D. L., & Budson, A. E. (2006). Mis-attribution errors in Alzheimer’s disease: The illusory truth effect. Neuropsychology, 20(2), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.20.2.185
9. Brown, R., & Kulik, J. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73–99.
10. Neisser, U., & Harsch, N. (1992). Phantom flashbulbs: False recollections of hearing the news about Challenger. In E. Winograd & U. Neisser (Eds.), Emory symposia in cognition, 4. Affect and accuracy in recall: Studies of “flashbulb” memories (pp. 9–31). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511664069.003
11. Talarico, J. M., & Rubin, D. C. (2003). Confidence, not consistency, characterizes flashbulb memories. Psychological Science, 14(5), 455–461. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.02453
12. Paller, K. A., Antony, J. W., Mayes, A. R., & Norman, K. A. (2020). Replay-based consolidation governs enduring memory storage. In D. Poeppel, G. R. Mangun, & M.S. Gazzaniga (Eds.), The cognitive neurosciences (6th ed.). MIT Press.
13. Loftus, E. F., Loftus, G. R., & Messo, J. (1987). Some facts about “weapon focus.” Law and Human Behavior, 11(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01044839
14. Steinmetz, K. R., & Kensinger, E. A. (2013). The emotion-induced memory trade-off: More than an effect of overt attention? Memory & Cognition, 41(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-012-0247-8
15. Rotello, C. M., & Heit, E. (1999). Two-process models of recognition memory: Evidence for recall-to-reject? Journal of Memory and Language, 40(3), 432–453. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1998.2623
Chapter 13: Just normal aging—or is it Alzheimer’s disease?
1. Alzheimer, A., Stelzmann, R. A., Schnitzlein, H. N., & Murtagh, F. R. (1995). An English translation of Alzheimer’s 1907 paper, “Uber eine eigenartige Erkankung der Hirnrinde.” Clinical Anatomy, 8(6), 429–431. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.980080612
2. Budson, A. E., & O’Connor, M. K. (2023). Seven Steps to Managing Your Aging Memory: What’s Normal, What’s Not, and What to Do About It. New York: Oxford University Press.
3. Budson, A. E., & O’Connor, M. K. (2022). Six Steps to Managing Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: A Guide for Families. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chapter 14: What else can go wrong with your memory?
1. Wada, H., Inagaki, N., Yamatodani, A., & Watanabe, T. (1991). Is the histaminergic neuron system a regulatory center for whole-brain activity? Trends in Neurosciences, 14(9), 415–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(91)90034-r
2. Passani, M. B., Benetti, F., Blandina, P., Furini, C., de Carvalho Myskiw, J., & Izquierdo, I. (2017). Histamine regulates memory consolidation. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 145, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2017.08.007
3. Zhou, H., Lu, S., Chen, J., Wei, N., Wang, D., Lyu, H., Shi, C., & Hu, S. (2020). The landscape of cognitive function in recovered COVID-19 patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 129, 98–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.06.022
4. Heneka, M. T., Golenbock, D., Latz, E., Morgan, D., & Brown, R. (2020). Immediate and long-term consequences of COVID-19 infections for the development of neurological disease. Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy, 12(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-020-00640-3
5. Luo, Y., Weibman, D., Halperin, J. M., &Li, X. (2019). A review of heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 13, 42. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00042
6. Kraguljac, N. V., Srivastava, A., & Lahti, A. C. (2013). Memory deficits in schizophrenia: A selective review of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) studies. Behavioral Sciences, 3(3), 330–347. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs3030330
7. Blomberg, M. O., Semkovska, M., Kessler, U., Erchinger, V. J., Oedegaard, K. J., Oltedal, L., & Hammar, Å. (2020). A longitudinal comparison between depressed patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy and healthy controls on specific memory functions. Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, 22(3), 19m02547. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.19m02547
Chapter 15: Post-traumatic stress disorder: When you can’t forget
1. McKinnon, M. C., Palombo, D. J., Nazarov, A., Kumar, N., Khuu, W., & Levine, B. (2015). Threat of death and autobiographical memory: A study of passengers from Flight AT236. Clinical Psychological Science, 3(4), 487–502. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702614542280
2. Brewin, C. R. (2018). Memory and forgetting. Current Psychiatry Reports, 20(10), 87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0950-7
3. Brewin, C. R., Gregory, J. D., Lipton, M., & Burgess, N. (2010). Intrusive images in psychological disorders: Characteristics, neural mechanisms, and treatment implications. Psychological Review, 117(1), 210–232. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018113
4. Mayou, R., Bryant, B., & Duthie, R. (1993). Psychiatric consequences of road traffic accidents. BMJ (Clinical Research Edition), 307(6905), 647–651. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6905.647
