Why We Forget and How to Remember Better, page 35
5. Benjet, C., Bromet, E., Karam, E. G., Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Ruscio, A. M., Shahly, V., Stein, D. J., Petukhova, M., Hill, E., Alonso, J., Atwoli, L., Bunting, B., Bruffaerts, R., Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M., de Girolamo, G., Florescu, S., Gureje, O., Huang, Y., Lepine, J. P., . . . Koenen, K. C. (2016). The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: Results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Psychological Medicine, 46(2), 327–343. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001981
6. Berntsen, D. (2021). Involuntary autobiographical memories and their relation to other forms of spontaneous thoughts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 376(1817), 20190693. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0693
7. Catarino, A., Küpper, C. S., Werner-Seidler, A., Dalgleish, T., & Anderson, M. C. (2015). Failing to forget: Inhibitory-control deficits compromise memory suppression in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Science, 26(5), 604–616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615569889
8. Anderson, M. C., & Green, C. (2001). Suppressing unwanted memories by executive control. Nature, 410(6826), 366–369. https://doi.org/10.1038/35066572
9. McNally, R. J., Metzger, L. J., Lasko, N. B., Clancy, S. A., & Pitman, R. K. (1998). Directed forgetting of trauma cues in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107(4), 596–601. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.107.4.596
10. Reisman, M. (2016). PTSD treatment for veterans: What’s working, what’s new, and what’s next. Pharmacy & Therapeutics, 41(10), 623–634.
11. Gradus, J. L. Epidemiology of PTSD. National Center for PTSD. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treat/essentials/epidemiology.asp
12. Neylan, T. C., Marmar, C. R., Metzler, T. J., Weiss, D. S., Zatzick, D. F., Delucchi, K. L., Wu, R. M., & Schoenfeld, F. B. (1998). Sleep disturbances in the Vietnam generation: Findings from a nationally representative sample of male Vietnam veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(7), 929–933.
13. Wang, C., Laxminarayan, S., Ramakrishnan, S., Dovzhenok, A., Cashmere, J. D., Germain, A., & Reifman, J. (2020). Increased oscillatory frequency of sleep spindles in combat-exposed veteran men with post-traumatic stress disorder. Sleep, 43(10), zsaa064.
14. Logue, M. W., van Rooij, S. J. H., Dennis, E. L., Davis, S. L., Hayes, J. P., Stevens, J. S., Densmore, M., Haswell, C. C., Ipser, J., Koch, S. B. J., Korgaonkar, M., Lebois, L. A. M., Peverill, M., Baker, J. T., Boedhoe, P. S. W., Frijling, J. L., Gruber, S. A., Harpaz-Rotem, I., Jahashad, N., . . . Morey, R. A. (2018). Smaller hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder: A multisite ENIGMA-PGC study: Subcortical volumetry results from posttraumatic stress disorder consortia. Biological Psychiatry, 83(3), 244–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.006
15. Kremen, W. S., Koenen, K. C., Afari, N., & Lyons M. J. (2012). Twin studies of posttraumatic stress disorder: Differentiating vulnerability factors from sequelae. Neuropharmacology, 62(2), 647–653. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.012
16. Brewin, C. R. (2014). Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 140(1), 69–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033722
17. Iyadurai, L., Visser, R. M., Lau-Zhu, A., Porcheret, K., Horsch, A., Holmes, E. A., & James, E. L. (2019). Intrusive memories of trauma: A target for research bridging cognitive science and its clinical application. Clinical Psychology Review, 69, 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.08.005
18. Rubin, D. C., Berntsen, D., & Bohni, M. K. (2008). A memory-based model of posttraumatic stress disorder: Evaluating basic assumptions underlying the PTSD diagnosis. Psychological Review, 115(4), 985–1011. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013397
Chapter 16: Those who remember everything
1. McGaugh, J. L. (2017). Highly superior autobiographical memory. In J. H. Byrne (Ed.), Learning and memory: A comprehensive reference (2nd ed., Chapter 2.08). Academic Press.
2. Klüver, H. (1928). Studies on the eidetic type and on eidetic imagery. Psychological Bulletin, 25(2), 69–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0070849
3. Giray, E. F., Altkin, W. M., Vaught, G. M., & Roodin, P. A. (1976). The incidence of eidetic imagery as a function of age. Child Development, 47(4), 1207–1210. PMID: 1001094.
4. Frey, P. W., & Adesman, P. (1976). Recall memory for visually presented chess positions. Memory & Cognition, 4, 541–547.
5. Symons, C. S., & Johnson, B. T. (1997). The self-reference effect in memory: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 371–394. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.371
6. Patihis, L., Frenda, S. J., LePort, A. K., Petersen, N., Nichols, R. M., Stark, C. E., McGaugh, J. L., & Loftus, E. F. (2013). False memories in highly superior autobiographical memory individuals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(52), 20947–20952. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1314373110
7. Boddaert, N., Barthélémy, C., Poline, J., Samson, Y., Brunelle, F., & Zilbovicius, M. (2005). Autism: Functional brain mapping of exceptional calendar capacity. British Journal of Psychiatry, 187(1), 83–86. doi:10.1192/bjp.187.1.83
8. Cowan, R., & Frith, C. (2009). Do calendrical savants use calculation to answer date questions? A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 364(1522), 1417–1424. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0323
9. Olson, I. R., Berryhill, M. E., Drowos, D. B., Brown, L., & Chatterjee, A. (2010). A calendar savant with episodic memory impairments. Neurocase, 16(3), 208–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/13554790903405701
10. Kennedy, D. P., & Squire, L. R. (2007). An analysis of calendar performance in two autistic calendar savants. Learning & Memory, 14(8), 533–538. https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.653607
11. Libero, L. E., DeRamus, T. P., Lahti, A. C., Deshpande, G., & Kana, R. K. (2015). Multimodal neuroimaging based classification of autism spectrum disorder using anatomical, neurochemical, and white matter correlates. Cortex, 66, 46–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.02.008
12. Ally, B. A., Hussey, E. P., & Donahue, M. J. (2013). A case of hyperthymesia: Rethinking the role of the amygdala in autobiographical memory. Neurocase, 19(2), 166–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2011.654225
13. LePort, A. K., Mattfeld, A. T., Dickinson-Anson, H., Fallon, J. H., Stark, C. E., Kruggel, F., Cahill, L., & McGaugh, J. L. (2012). Behavioral and neuroanatomical investigation of highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 98(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2012.05.002
14. Henner, M. (2013). Total memory makeover: Uncover your past, take charge of your future. Gallery Books. (Quote on p. 23)
Chapter 17: Exercise: The elixir of life
1. Jadczak, A. D., Makwana, N., Luscombe-Marsh, N., Visvanathan, R., & Schultz, T. J. (2018). Effectiveness of exercise interventions on physical function in community-dwelling frail older people: An umbrella review of systematic reviews. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 16(3), 752–775. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003551
2. Hörder, H., Johansson, L., Guo, X., Grimby, G., Kern, S., Östling, S., & Skoog, I. (2018). Midlife cardiovascular fitness and dementia: A 44-year longitudinal population study in women. Neurology, 90(15), e1298–e1305. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005290
3. Strazzullo, P., D’Elia, L., Cairella, G., Garbagnati, F., Cappuccio, F. P., & Scalfi, L. (2010). Excess body weight and incidence of stroke: Meta-analysis of prospective studies with 2 million participants. Stroke, 41(5), e418–e426. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.576967
4. Guo, Y., Yue, X. J., Li, H. H., Song, Z. X., Yan, H. Q., Zhang, P., Gui, Y. K., Chang, L., & Li, T. (2016). Overweight and obesity in young adulthood and the risk of stroke: A meta-analysis. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 25(12), 2995–3004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.08.018
5. Siebers, M., Biedermann, S. V., Bindila, L., Lutz, B., & Fuss, J. (2021). Exercise-induced euphoria and anxiolysis do not depend on endogenous opioids in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 126, 105173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105173
6. Kvam, S., Kleppe, C. L., Nordhus, I. H., & Hovland, A. (2016). Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 202, 67–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.063
7. Thomas, A. G., Dennis, A., Rawlings, N. B., Stagg, C. J., Matthews, L., Morris, M., Kolind, S. H., Foxley, S., Jenkinson, M., Nichols, T. E., Dawes, H., Bandettini, P. A., & Johansen-Berg, H. (2016). Multi-modal characterization of rapid anterior hippocampal volume increase associated with aerobic exercise. NeuroImage, 131, 162–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.090
8. Erickson, K. I., Voss, M. W., Prakash, R. S., Basak, C., Szabo, A., Chaddock, L., Kim, J. S., Heo, S., Alves, H., White, S. M., Wojcicki, T. R., Mailey, E., Vieira, V. J., Martin, S. A., Pence, B. D., Woods, J. A., McAuley, E., & Kramer, A. F. (2011). Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(7), 3017–3022. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015950108
9. Liu, P. Z., & Nusslock, R. (2018). Exercise-mediated neurogenesis in the hippocampus via BDNF. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 52. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00052
10. Basso, J. C., & Suzuki, W. A. (2017). The effects of acute exercise on mood, cognition, neurophysiology, and neurochemical pathways: A review. Brain Plasticity, 2(2), 127–152. https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-160040
11. Smith, J. C., Nielson, K. A., Woodard, J. L., Seidenberg, M., Durgerian, S., Hazlett, K. E., Figueroa, C. M., Kandah, C. C., Kay, C. D., Matthews, M. A., & Rao, S. M. (2014). Physical activity reduces hippocampal atrophy in elders at genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 6, 61. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2014.00061
12. Morris, J. K., Vidoni, E. D., Johnson, D. K., Van Sciver, A., Mahnken, J. D., Honea, R. A., Wilkins, H. M., Brooks, W. M., Billinger, S. A., Swerdlow, R. H., & Burns, J. M. (2017). Aerobic exercise for Alzheimer’s disease: A randomized controlled pilot trial. PloS One, 12(2), e0170547. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170547
13. Petersen, R. C., Lopez, O., Armstrong, M. J., Getchius, T., Ganguli, M., Gloss, D., Gronseth, G. S., Marson, D., Pringsheim, T., Day, G. S., Sager, M., Stevens, J., & Rae-Grant, A. (2018). Practice guideline update summary: Mild cognitive impairment: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology, 90(3), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004826
Chapter 18: Nutrition: You are what you eat
1. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm
2. Berti, V., Walters, M., Sterling, J., Quinn, C. G., Logue, M., Andrews, R., Matthews, D. C., Osorio, R. S., Pupi, A., Vallabhajosula, S., Isaacson, R. S., de Leon, M. J., & Mosconi, L. (2018). Mediterranean diet and 3-year Alzheimer brain biomarker changes in middle-aged adults. Neurology, 90(20), e1789–e1798.
3. Morris, M. C., Tangney, C. C., Wang, Y., Sacks, F. M., Barnes, L. L., Bennett, D. A., & Aggarwal, N. T. (2015). MIND diet slows cognitive decline with aging. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 11(9), 1015–1022.
4. Morris, M. C., Tangney, C. C., Wang, Y., Sacks, F. M., Bennett, D. A., & Aggarwal, N. T. (2015). MIND diet associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 11(9), 1007–1014.
5. Keenan, T. D., Agrón, E., Mares, J. A., Clemens, T. E., van Asten, F., Swaroop, A., Chew, E. Y.; AREDS and AREDS2 Research Groups (2020). Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and cognitive function in the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies 1 & 2. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 16(6), 831–842.
6. https://www.fda.gov/food/consumers/advice-about-eating-fish
7. Stonehouse, W., Conlon, C. A., Podd, J., Hill, S. R., Minihane, A. M., Haskell, C., & Kennedy, D. (2013). DHA supplementation improved both memory and reaction time in healthy young adults: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97(5), 1134–1143. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.053371
8. Dangour, A. D., & Allen, E. (2013). Do omega-3 fats boost brain function in adults? Are we any closer to an answer? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97(5), 909–910. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.061168
9. Hosseini, M., Poljak, A., Braidy, N., Crawford, J., & Sachdev, P. (2020). Blood fatty acids in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Ageing Research Reviews, 60, 101043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2020.101043.
10. Quinn, J. F., Raman, R., Thomas, R. G.,Yurko-Mauro, K., Nelson, E. B., Van Dyck, C., Galvin, J. E., Emond, J., Jack, C. R. Jr., Weiner, M., Shinto, L., & Aisen, P. S. (2010). Docosahexanoic acid supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. JAMA, 304, 1903–1911.
11. Littlejohns, T. J., Henley, W. E., Lang, I. A., Annweiler, C., Beauchet, O., Chaves, P. H. M., Fried, L., Kestenbaum, B. R., Kuller, L. H., Langa, K. M., Lopez, O. L., Kos, K., Soni, M., & Llewellyn, D. J. (2014). Vitamin D and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 83, 920–928.
12. Solomon, P. R., Adams, F., Silver, A., Zimmer, J., & DeVeaux, R. (2002). Ginkgo for memory enhancement: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 288(7), 835–840. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.7.835
13. Snitz, B. E., O’Meara, E. S., Carlson, M. C., Arnold, A. M., Ives, D. G., Rapp, S. R., Saxton, J., Lopez, O. L., Dunn, L. O., Sink, K. M., DeKosky, S. T., & Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study Investigators (2009). Ginkgo biloba for preventing cognitive decline in older adults: A randomized trial. JAMA, 302(24), 2663–2670. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1913
14. Turner, R. S., Thomas, R. G., Craft, S., van Dyck, C. H., Mintzer, J., Reynolds, B. A., Brewer, J. B., Rissman, R. A., Raman, R., Aisen, P. S., & Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study (2015). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of resveratrol for Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 85(16), 1383–1391. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002035
15. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2017/01/ftc-new-york-state-charge-marketers-prevagen-making-deceptive
16. Valls-Pedret, C., Sala-Vila, A., Serra-Mir, M., Corella, D., de la Torre, R., Martínez-González, M. Á., Martínez-Lapiscina, E. H., Fitó, M., Pérez-Heras, A., Salas-Salvadó, J., Estruch, R., & Ros, E. (2015). Mediterranean diet and age-related cognitive decline: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine, 175(7), 1094–1103. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.1668
Chapter 19: This is your brain on alcohol, cannabis, and drugs
1. Söderlund, H., Grady, C. L., Easdon, C., & Tulving, E. (2007). Acute effects of alcohol on neural correlates of episodic memory encoding. NeuroImage, 35(2), 928–939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.12.024
2. Solfrizzi, V., D’Introno, A., Colacicco, A. M., Capurso, C., Del Parigi, A., Baldassarre, G., Scapicchio, P., Scafato, E., Amodio, M., Capurso, A., Panza, F., & Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging Working Group (2007). Alcohol consumption, mild cognitive impairment, and progression to dementia. Neurology, 68(21), 1790–1799. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000262035.87304.89
3. Topiwala, A., & Ebmeier, K. P. (2018). Effects of drinking on late-life brain and cognition. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 21(1), 12–15. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2017-102820
4. GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators. (2018). Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet, 392(10152), 1015–1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2
5. Sewell, R. A., Poling, J., & Sofuoglu, M. (2009). The effect of cannabis compared with alcohol on driving. American Journal on Addictions, 18(3), 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550490902786934
6. https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2020/01/30/proportion-drivers-fatal-crashes-who-tested-positive-thc-doubled-after-marijuanas-legalization-study-finds/
7. Dahlgren, M. K., Sagar, K. A., Smith, R. T., Lambros, A. M., Kuppe, M. K., & Gruber, S. A. (2020). Recreational cannabis use impairs driving performance in the absence of acute intoxication. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 208, 107771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107771
8. Schuster, R. M., Gilman, J., Schoenfeld, D., Evenden, J., Hareli, M., Ulysse, C., Nip, E., Hanly, A., Zhang, H., & Evins, A. E. (2018). One month of cannabis abstinence in adolescents and young adults is associated with improved memory. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 79(6), 17m11977. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.17m11977
9. Pope, H. G., Jr, Gruber, A. J., Hudson, J. I., Huestis, M. A., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2001). Neuropsychological performance in long-term cannabis users. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(10), 909–915. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.58.10.909
10. Platt, B., O’Driscoll, C., Curran, V. H., Rendell, P. G., & Kamboj, S. K. (2019). The effects of licit and illicit recreational drugs on prospective memory: A meta-analytic review. Psychopharmacology, 236(4), 1131–1143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05245-9
11. Morgan, C., Freeman, T. P., Hindocha, C., Schafer, G., Gardner, C., & Curran, H. V. (2018). Individual and combined effects of acute delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on psychotomimetic symptoms and memory function. Translational Psychiatry, 8(1), 181. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0191-x
12. Curran, T., Devillez, H., York Williams, S. L., & Bidwell, C. L. (2020) Acute effects of naturalistic THC vs. CBD use on recognition memory: A preliminary study. Journal of Cannabis Research, 2, 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42238-020-00034-0
13. ElSohly, M. A., Mehmedic, Z., Foster, S., Gon, C., Chandra, S., & Church, J. C. (2016). Changes in cannabis potency over the last 2 decades (1995–2014): Analysis of current data in the United States. Biological Psychiatry, 79(7), 613–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.004
