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Index
Note: Page numbers in italic and bold refer to figures and tables respectively.
abduction, reasoning strategy 18, 18n30
attractors see strange attractors
ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) algorithm 479
autophosphorylation process 177
actin, protein 265
autopoiesis theory 432
action potential 276–7; in axons 278; discharge 276, 277;
autoregressive technique 349
profile 276
auxin accumulation 261
activation functions 351
Axelrod, R. 478, 480
adaptation, sensing/regulatory systems 187; absolute 190,
axiomatic approach 13
191; partial 191
axon hillock 275–6
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 171, 171, 174, 435
Adleman, L. 464
Babbage, C. 485
advection 265, 268
balance equation 242, 243, 245
aerosol OT (AOT) 255
bath variables 266
aerosols 430n13, 431
Bayesian probabilistic inference 443
affinity separation 466
“Bayesian” school 507
Ag CrO : in gelatin
Bayes, T. 507
2
4
286; nanoparticles 313, 314
agates, Liesegang rings in 288, 288
Bayes’ theorem 508–9
agent-based modeling 479–82, 480, 481, 482
Belousov, B. 198
AgNO concentrations 313,
Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction 198, 205, 221, 255, 3
314
AI see artificial intelligence (AI)
273; chemical waves in 269; spectral evolution
albedo 431
229; in unstirred conditions 297
Alhazen see Ibn al-Haytham
Bénard convection 331, 368, 368
allosteric enzymes 169; nonlinearity 170–4, 172;
Bénard, H. 327
proteins 171; rate profiles for 170
bicoid gene 258
Almagest (book) 7
bi-dimensional case of chemical reactions 76–81
AlphaGo Zero program 475
bifurcations 99, 101; diagram 325, 326; Hopf 110–11, 111; ALU (arithmetic logic unit) 28
hypothetic system with 110; pitchfork 105–10,
amacrine cells 442
106; saddle-node 101–2, 102, 113; script of Amdahl’s law 459, 460
MATLAB 365; system plot 108, 109; theory
amensalism relationship 129, 146, 144–5
109; trans-critical 102–5, 103; unimodal amorphous computing 477
map 367
amplification, sensing/regulatory systems 187; magnitude
Big Data 4, 14, 457
187–8, 188; sensitivity 188–90, 189, 190
bilateria animals 256n7
Analytical Engine 486
biological rhythms 185–7, 186
angelfish ( Pomacanthus) 262, 262
biology, chemical waves in 275; brain 281–2; calcium
animal markings 261–3, 262, 263
waves 283; cAMP waves 284–5; Fisher-
ANNs (artificial neural networks) 350–2, 475
Kolmogorov equation 279–81, 281; heart
antagonism relationship 129–33, 133
282–3, 283; neuron 275, 275–9; species/
Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm 479
epidemics, spreading 285
Anthropocene 148
biology, Turing patterns in: animal markings 261–3,
AOT (aerosol OT) 255
262, 263; embryos development 256–60, 259;
aperiodic time series 342–3
phyllotaxis 261; tissues regeneration 260, 260
Apollonians and Dionysians 19
Biomolecular Information Systems (BISs) 437, 438, 462–3
approximation of local equilibrium 42–3, 72n15
biosphere 420
Aristotle 260
bipolar fuzzy sets 442
arithmetic logic unit (ALU) 28
BISs (Biomolecular Information Systems) 437, 438, 462–3
Art Forms in Nature (book) 147n1
blackbody radiation 427–8, 453
artificial immune systems 468–9
black-hole computing 491
artificial intelligence (AI) 471–2, 476; involvement 32–4;
blastula 257, 257
strategies 475
Bloch sphere 487, 487
artificial life 462–3
Boolean algebra 486
artificial neural networks (ANNs) 350–2, 475
Boolean circuit 355n12
Asimov, I. 30
Boolean networks 477–8
aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) 170–1
Boole, G. 486
The Assayer (book) 9
bottom-up approach 486
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) 171, 171, 174, 435
boundary layer 271
559
560
Index
Box Counting method 388, 388n7, 389n8; Britain coast
chemical affinity 45–6
dimension by 389; determination by 412;
chemical laboratory, temporal order in: chemical
Norway coast by 411
oscillators, systematic design 199–204;
Boyle, R. 197
importance 221; oscillating chemical reactions
brain-like computing machine 475
197–9; overview 197; primary oscillators
brain waves 281–2
205–19; steady-state solutions for 201
Brandeisator model 250
chemical oscillations 259
Briggs-Rauscher reaction 209–10
chemical oscillators, systematic design 199–202, 202;
Brillouin, L. 33n9
excitability 202–3; oscillations 203; from
bromine (Br ) concentration 205
practical point 203–4
2
bromous acid (HBrO ) concentration 205–6
chemical potential 45
2
Brownian motion 264–5
chemical robot 467, 476, 476
Brownian ratchet mechanism 268
chemical waves 242, 269–70, 310, 311; in biology Brusselator model 112, 114, 198–9
275–85; in BZ reaction 269; curvature effect
buoyancy force 328, 328
274–5; mono- and bi-dimensional waves 273,
business cycles 152–3; Goodwin’s predator-prey model
273–4; propagator-controller model 270,
153–5, 155; models 158–9; multiplier/
270–3; properties 313; shapes 273–5; three-accelerator model 156–8; real 159–60
dimensional waves 274
butterfly effect 13, 334, 340, 353; Hydrodynamic Chinese Sunway TaihuLight 417, 450
Photochemical Oscillator 340–2; Lorenz’s
chiral molecule 106
model 335–8; sensitivity to initial conditions
chlorine-dioxide-iodine-malonic acid (CDIMA) reaction
338–40, 339; in terrestrial atmosphere 334
252, 254–5
BZ reaction see Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction
chlorite-iodide-malonic acid (CIMA) reaction 251, 254
chlorophyll (Chl*) 433–4, 434
calcium waves 283
chromatin, nucleus 398
cAMP (3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) waves
Chua, L. 352
284–5
Chua’s electronic circuit 350, 352, 352
CAMs (Cell Adhesion Molecules) 259
Church, G. 467
Cantor, G. 381
Churchill, W. 250n3
Cantor set 381–2, 381n3; constructing steps 381; CIMA (chlorite-iodide-malonic acid) reaction 251, 254
dimension 383
circadian processes 186–7
capital-output ratio 156, 161
circular economy 150–1, 151
CDIMA (chlorine-dioxide-iodine-malonic acid) reaction
11- cis retinal 187, 188, 440
252, 254–5
citric acid cycle 198, 198n1
cell(s) (battery): adjacent roll-shaped 327, 327; Hele-Shaw
classical physics 21, 484–6, 485
389–90, 390; memristors 460
Clausius, R. 11n18, 23
cell(s) (biological) 167, 265–6, 424; adhesiveness 259;
clonal selection algorithms 469
antibodies and 469; B-cells and T-cells 425;
CNS (central nervous system) 471–2
discretization 432, 432; epithelial 268, 269;
C-nullcline curve 119
fractals/fractal-like kinetics in 396–9; ganglion
cobweb construction 324, 324
442; meristematic 261n10; photoreceptor 440,
commensalism relationship 129, 145–6, 146
442; polarity 268–9; types 257, 259
communication system 27, 27
Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) 259
complex images analysis 394–5
cellular automata 469–71, 470
complexity, multidisciplinary approach 492, 493
cellular signaling processes 176–81
complex systems 3, 14, 15; emergent properties 444–6;
central nervous system (CNS) 471–2
features 420–46; Natural Complexity
central processing unit (CPU) 457–8; multi-core 459;
Challenges 415; networks 420–5; NP = P,
subunits 28
Complexity Challenges 419–20; out-of-
centrosome 265
equilibrium systems 426–44
Chaitin, G. 257n8
complex time series analysis 395
chaos in space see fractals
composite system 214–16
chaotic dynamics, mastering 352–3; applications 354;
computational complexity 416
communication by 354; computing by 354–5;
Computational Period 3, 3, 15–16
sensitivity to initial conditions 338–40, 339
computational problems 418, 419
chaotic Hamiltonian systems 346; fractal generation by
computing molecules 490
403; phase space for 402
configurational entropy 25
chaotic time series 343; correlation dimension 347;
connection matrix 478, 498
deterministically 349n11; embedding
conservation laws 21–2
dimension 344–5; Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs) 74, 74–5,
346–7; Lyapunov exponents 345; permutation
199–200, 214
entropy 347–8; prediction 349–52; short-term controlled parameters 35
predictability/long-term unpredictability
control unit (CU) 28
348–9, 349; surrogate data method 348; time convection mechanism 327–31, 328; Bénard 368; entropy delay (τ) 343–4
production in nonlinear regime 332–4; forced
Index
561
327n4; laminar and turbulent 330; Marangoni-
320, 321, 362; Cartesian coordinates for 361, Bénard 330–1; natural 327n4; planform with
362; different conditions 357; structure and
rolls 341, 342; roll-shaped cells in 327; by parameters 319; total energy 320
surface tension gradients 331; in terrestrial
double precision 531
atmosphere 334
drag force 328, 328
conventional laptops 491
Drosophila (fruit-fly) 258, 258
Conway, J. 470
Dufour effect 54, 61, 63
correlation dimension 347
Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM) 460
CPU see central processing unit (CPU)
dynamic self-assembly 100, 100n3
crisp logic 488–9
Crookes radiometer 449, 449
Earth system models (ESMs) 431
Crookes, W., Sir 449
ecological economics 123n5, 148
cross-diffusion phenomenon 59–61
ecology 147–8, 263
cross-shaped phase diagram 204, 204
economy 147–8, 263
CSTRs see Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs)
economy, temporal order in 147–8; business cycles
CTP (cytidine triphosphate) 171, 171
152–60; free market 149; linear and circular
CU (control unit) 28
149–51, 150; mixed 149; problem 148–9;
Curie, P. 55
supply and demand law 151, 151–2
curvature effect 274–5
ecosystems, temporal order in 117; Lotka-Volterra model
3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) waves
117–21; predator-prey relationships 123–8;
284–5
relationships within 129, 129; solar radiation
cytidine triphosphate (CTP) 171, 171
150; symbiotic relationships, mathematical
