The Railways, page 71
p. 56 took the form of open wagons: Donaghy, 61.
p. 56 ‘The cold is great’: Ellenborough, ii, 370.
p. 56 holes … bored in the floors: Ellis, C. H. 5, 39, 64.
p. 56 a depth of two inches: Quick, 79.
p. 57 London & Greenwich: Ellis, C. H. 5, 20.
p. 57 uniformed bands: Newcastle Journal, 14 Mar. 1835.
p. 57 ‘Dust from engine’: GD, ii, 614.
p. 57 ‘fell within my shirt collar’: Vaughan 1, 67.
p. 57 ‘a man used never to have’: Surtees 1, ch. 58.
p. 59 Middlesbrough extension: Tomlinson, 400.
p. 59 Manchester & Leeds: Marshall, iii, 24.
p. 59 Alfred Russel Wallace: Wallace, i, 72, 129.
p. 59 Jonathan John: Bath Chronicle, 20 Mar. 1845.
p. 60 Sonning: Rolt 4, 36–8; Quick, 81.
p. 60 ‘modern mechanical Moloch’: Mechanics’ Magazine, Jan. 1842, 5–8.
p. 61 minimum of 4ft 6in: Board of Trade, Accident Returns, 25 Dec. 1841, 79.
p. 61 Gladstone showed a particular interest: Parris 1, 92–9; Kirby, 26–7.
p. 63 Pasley: Parris 2; Parris 1, 95–9, 118–19, 143–4, 200n.
p. 65 Jane Welsh Carlyle: CLC, xxx, 26.
p. 66 Midland Railway’s earliest Parliamentary coaches: Ellis, C. H. 5, 37.
p. 66 Sir Francis Head: Head, 107, 50.
p. 67 Dickens: ‘The Lazy Tour of Two Idle Apprentices’, HW, 3 Oct. 1857.
p. 67 Rev. Francis Kilvert: Kilvert, ii, 70–71; i, 139.
p. 68 John Pendleton: Pendleton, i, 190.
p. 68 east London traveller: The Times, 2 Nov. 1854.
p. 68 ‘15-inch seats’: Grinling, 164.
p. 69 Allport stressed his pride: Williams 1, 205.
p. 69 ‘for competitive traffic’: Thomas, J. 1, i, 195.
p. 70 slippery horsehair cloth: Marshall, iii, 105; Ellis, C. H. 7, p. 35.
p. 70 up and down the Welsh valleys: Riley, 77.
p. 71 single undifferentiated class: Garfield 2, 221.
p. 71 glazed pictures: Norton, 10–20.
p. 72 domestic settings of late-Victorian Britain: Cohen, D., 89–144.
p. 72 colour reproductions of views: Norton, 21–36.
p. 73 Nor was first class immune: Grinling, 371; Smith, D. N., 19.
p. 73 Baedeker’s guide: Baedeker’s Great Britain (1887), xix.
p. 73 Rupert Brooke: quoted Byatt, 606–7.
p. 74 broader social attitudes: Cannadine 2, 60, 85–6.
p. 74 Jack Simmons: Simmons 5, 359–60; Chambers’ Edinburgh Journal, 26 Sept. 1846.
p. 74 review of volunteer regiments: MP, 9 Nov. 1862.
p. 75 paid sweeps to dump soot: Acworth, 44.
p. 75 Sir Edward Watkin: Smith, D. N., 62.
p. 75 iron drainage funnels: Ellis, C. H. 5, 75.
p. 75 coal-black chimney-sweep: MPRB, 52.
p. 76 super-cheap workmen’s trains: Wolmar 3, 54–6; Smith, D. N., 101–7.
p. 76 large pieces of timber: Simon Abernethy, ‘Thinking Allowed’, BBC Radio 4, 28 Jan. 2013.
p. 76 Glasgow, Paisley & Greenock: Gourvish 3, 65.
p. 76 An aggrieved English shareholder: Thomas, J. 1, i, 55.
p. 76 ‘there are only two ranks of people’: Ross, 178.
p. 76 two second-class journeys: GD, iv, 181.
p. 76 neo-medieval architect: Ferrey, 98.
p. 77 Hendrix and his entourage: Quinn, 86.
p. 77 ‘being cooler and less dust-catching’: Surtees 3, 229.
p. 77 one of George Gissing’s novels: George Gissing, Demos (1886), ch. 14.
p. 78 lines to Tynemouth: Hoole, 12.
p. 78 All three classes: Wright (1967 edn), 15, 22.
p. 78 one passenger went first class: Hartley, 30.
p. 79 Duke of Sutherland: Vallance, 28–32, 148.
p. 80 the American gilded age: Beebe, passim.
p. 80–1 ‘posting carriages’; next step in saloon design: Ellis, C. H. 5, 25–6; 132–6.
p. 81 saloon with a full-sized bath: Brown, F. A. S., 25.
p. 81 Florence Sitwell: Sitwell, 148.
p. 82 Mr Isidore: Jerrold, 323–4.
p. 83 club carriages: Allen 3, 39–40, 125–6.
p. 84 take coach and horses: Surtees 3, 233.
p. 84 5th Duke of Portland: Headley and Meulenkamp, 301–2.
p. 84 Sir Charles Pasley: Parris 2, 15.
p. 85 Time Book (timetable) for 1863: Peacock, 34.
p. 85 Guest family: Gash, 355.
p. 85 Countess of Zetland: The Times, 9 Dec. 1847; Quick, 204; Lardner, 294–5.
p. 86 accidental death of William Huskisson: Garfield 1, 156–88.
p. 86 biographer G. R. Gleig: Gleig, 354.
p. 87 letter to Angela, Baroness Burdett-Coutts: Wellington, 266–7.
p. 87 ‘the chance of relief’: Simmons 5, 17.
p. 87 ‘I hope the Gentry’: Burghclere, 112.
p. 87 Stratfield Saye House: Simmons 2, 308.
p. 87 ‘in readiness for His Grace’: RHR, ii (1982 edn), 115.
p. 88 ‘all pertinent and to the purpose’: Timbs, 77.
p. 88 an outlandish one-off carriage: Ellis, C. H. 5, 32.
p. 88 the excursion train: Simmons 5, 272–3; Quick, 104–6.
p. 89 Thomas Cook: Brendon, 6ff.
p. 89 first day trip to France: Back Track, May 1998, 242.
p. 89 Lincoln to Thornton Abbey: Hull Packet, 13 July 1849.
p. 90 flying bottles: Williams 2, 401.
p. 90 ‘Empty Bottles may be left’: poster, Great Western Society museum, Didcot.
p. 90 double hanging at Bodmin: Back Track, May 1998, 242.
p. 90 outside Kirkdale gaol; bare-knuckle fights; north–south bout: Chesney, 356; 315–19; 325–7.
p. 91 top of the prizefighting lines: Paar and Grey, 32–6.
p. 92 Race meetings: Vamplew, 29–31.
p. 92 ‘legs’: Gash, 383.
p. 92 Yarmouth races special: Paar and Grey, 38.
p. 92 St Leger: Vamplew, 30; Gordon, ii, 72–4.
p. 93 overlapping local networks: Vamplew, 32–9; Huggins and Tolson.
p. 93 Snooty Newmarket: Paar and Grey, 42.
p. 93 Grand National Day: Huggins, 127.
p. 93 race sponsors and supporters: Brailsford, 85.
p. 94 Sunday schools: Laqueur, 178–9.
p. 94 travelling on the Sabbath: Simmons 5, 282–4.
p. 95 denunciations by placard: Tomlinson, 73–4.
p. 95 letter to Sir Robert Peel: Shannon, 43.
p. 95 Officers of the universities: Fellows, 11–12.
p. 96 Even the Metropolitan Railway: Jackson, A. 1, 31.
p. 96 Rev. Lord Blythswood: RMM, 138.
p. 97 mileage which closed on Sundays: Simmons 5, 286.
p. 97 Somerset & Dorset: Atthill and Nock, 172–3.
p. 97 melodrama of 1863: Flanders, 331.
p. 98 a West End hit: O’Gorman, 50.
p. 98 Dickens got in on the act: Ackroyd, 610.
p. 98 professional theatre trains: Flanders, 367.
p. 98 Bram Stoker; Irving’s rail-borne tours: Holroyd, 138; 367–8.
p. 98 112 companies on a single Sunday: RMM, 169–70.
p. 99 theatre-goers from well-heeled coastal suburbs: Hoole, 12.
p. 99 National Eisteddfod: Davies, 409.
p. 99 reconstructed Crystal Palace: O’Gorman, 104–6.
p. 99 Charles Spurgeon: Reynolds’s Newspaper, 11 Oct. 1857.
p. 99 Hippolyte Taine: Taine, 281.
p. 100 George Moore: Smiles 1, 199–200.
p. 100 Lancashire & Yorkshire’s corpse vans: Board of Trade, Accident Returns, 21 July 1912, 24–35.
p. 100 bodies for dissection: Hurren, 189–90.
p. 101 Necropolis Railway: Clarke; Davis, 400.
p. 101 similar but cheaper service: Quick, 101.
p. 101 ceased officially on British Rail: Clarke, 155.
p. 101 last journey of Matthew Arnold: Murray, 349–50.
p. 101 young actor named William Ryder: Liverpool Daily Post, 6 May 1899.
p. 102 Great Western’s Time Book: Peacock, 34.
p. 102 Mrs Caroline Prodgers: Ellis, C. H. 3, 70; Derby Daily Telegraph, 16 Oct. 1924.
p. 102 Samuel Smiles: Smiles 2, 273.
p. 102 taken the starch out: Gash, 385.
Chapter 4: Journeying Together
p. 103 a baby (subject to availability): Gash, 373.
p. 104 breathing on the glass: Punch, 15 Nov. 1856.
p. 104 ‘Love of travelling alone’: Punch, 4 Aug. 1937.
p. 104 Bishop of Woolwich: Western Gazette, 25 May 1934.
p. 104 Lord Berners: Dickinson, P. 1, 33.
p. 105 a heavy piece of luggage: RTHB, 55.
p. 105 Connop’s handkerchief: Proceedings of the Central Criminal Court, 6 Jan. 1840, 338–9.
p. 105 ‘The railway gives you seclusion’: Belloc, 78.
p. 106 ‘the padding is torn to pieces’: Thomas, J. 1, i, 149.
p. 106 the Grand Old Man: Ford, 70–71.
p. 106 Woolwich linen-draper: PIP, 26 Apr. 1862.
p. 106 Silvanus Trevail: Cornishman, 12 Nov. 1903.
p. 106 Harry Medina: Illustrated Police News, 2 Dec. 1899.
p. 107 bizarre suicide in 2011: Daily Mail, 14 Apr. 2011.
p. 107 ban smoking in first-class: Carlson, 242.
p. 108 Newcastle & North Shields Railway: Tomlinson, 425.
p. 108 A letter of 1841: CLC, xiii, 78–9.
p. 108 fashionable new forms: Wilson, A. N. 2, 197–8.
p. 108 the briar: Alford, 111.
p. 108 ‘railway pipes’; covered in scratches: Quick, 169, 171–2.
p. 108 nearly £30,000 of share capital: Alford, 87–8.
p. 108 first-class saloon of 1846: ILN, 12 Sept. 1846.
p. 108 Eastern Counties: Paar and Grey, 71.
p. 109 two unchivalrous male passengers: PIP, 7 June 1862.
p. 109 cartoon of 1858: Punch, 23 Oct. 1858.
p. 109 ‘fast Etonian’: Punch, 28 Sept. 1861.
p. 109 The young Prince of Wales: Ellis, C. H. 6, 35.
p. 109 Huddersfield magistrates: Harris, 49.
p. 109 John Stuart Mill: Hansard 193, 24 July 1868, col. 1736.
p. 109 By October 1868: RW, Jan. 1969, 38.
p. 110 Judy magazine: Judy, 2 Dec. 1868.
p. 110 Great Western smoking compartment: Kilvert, iii, 159.
p. 110 Wills brothers: Wilson, A. N. 2, 198.
p. 110 red triangular stickers: Harris, 55.
p. 111 I had to walk miles: Bainbridge, 9.
p. 111 Realize it is no longer possible: Fielding, H., 216.
p. 111 King’s Cross–Aberdeen sleeper: Wolmar 2, 48.
p. 112 clientele of lairds: Vallance, 160.
p. 112 Coaches on the roads: Bagwell and Lyth, 40.
p. 112 The railway compartment was different: Schivelbusch, 15–16.
p. 114 F. L. Olmsted: Olmsted, 85.
p. 114 Every-body seems to have an idea: PIP, 22 Mar. 1862.
p. 114 ‘vulgar and amusing’: Sidney, 8.
p. 114 Nathaniel Hawthorne: Hawthorne, 153.
p. 115 Harriet Beecher Stowe: Stowe, i, 42–3.
p. 115 from Boston to Lowell: Dickens, C., 642–3.
p. 115 ‘social and political equality’: Trollope, i, 30.
p. 115 the riverboat saloon: Schivelbusch, 111–14.
p. 116 ‘negro car’: Dickens, C., 642, 712.
p. 116 ‘flashes of saliva’: Forster, i, 318–19.
p. 116 ‘stuffed figure’: Dickens, C., 693.
p. 116 ‘expressed himself most mournfully’: Fielding, K. J., 62.
p. 117 Thomas Carlyle: CLC, xvi, 308.
p. 117 Gladstone: GD, v, 59, 236, 431.
p. 117 Francis Kilvert: Kilvert, iii, 34.
p. 119 Guinevere: GD, v, 431.
p. 119 Little Nell: Ackroyd, 319.
p. 120 a newspaper could be bartered: Surtees 3, 234.
p. 120 Taxes on press advertising: Elliott, 170.
p. 120 The Post Office did its bit: Bagwell 1, 92.
p. 120 steam-powered press: Nevett, 40–41.
p. 120 their old Georgian ‘f’s: Flanders, 147–9.
p. 120 The Times of 1800: Nevett, 41.
p. 120 Newspapers were joined: ibid., 43, 78; Flanders, 153.
p. 120 Their despatch was tightly choreographed: Acworth, 87–8.
p. 121 Manchester too: Manchester Guardian, 20 Oct. 1900.
p. 121 Local journals; shift of book production: Simmons 5, 240; 242–3.
p. 121 older publishers benefited too: McKitterick, ii, 11.
p. 121 ‘non-display’ advertisements: Smith, D. N., 161.
p. 121 Railway Mania: Elliott, 169; Nevett, 30.
p. 122 production costs were falling: Raven, 329.
p. 123 Fenchurch Street: Wilson, C., 101.
p. 123 disabled in company service; ‘amicable jumble’: Maxwell, i, 48.
p. 123 ‘I bought from the stall’: Punch, 1 Aug. 1891.
p. 123 well-remembered article: The Times, 9 Aug. 1851; Freeman 1, 88–9.
p. 124 annual kickback: Wilson, C., 176.
p. 124 Empedocles on Etna: Simmons 5, 247.
p. 124 the Smiths’ rise: Maxwell, i, 50–56.
p. 124 John Menzies: Simmons 5, 246.
p. 124 Charles Eason: Dictionary of Irish Biography.
p. 125 cut-price novels: Maxwell, 86.
p. 125 Murray’s ‘Reading for the Rail’: Mackenzie, advertisement.
p. 125 George Routledge: Willes, 204–5.
p. 125 Bulwer-Lytton: Sutherland, 553.
p. 125 ‘yellowback novels’: Maxwell, i, 85–6.
p. 127 Henry Mansel: Taylor, J. B., xiii.
p. 127 ‘cheap literature’: Arnold, 126.
p. 127 Ouida: Palmer and Buckland, 48.
p. 127 ‘rack-marketed’ proto-pulp books: Sutherland, 527.
p. 127 Henry James; much else that was disreputable; Esther Waters: Wilson, C., 88; 166, 375; 365–8.
p. 128 private circulating library: Flanders, 184–6; Wilson, C., 355–60.
p. 128 the issuing stall: Willes, 203.
p. 128 The Savoy: Sturgis, 192.
p. 129n Fenian bomb: Jackson, A. 2, 294–5.
p. 129–30 morally unimpeachable three-volume novel; home-knitted mittens: Wilson, C., 363; 281.
p. 130 Wrangles over licence levels: Willes, 252.
p. 130 Penguin Books: Lewis, 87, 112.
p. 130 Victor Gollancz’s books: Powers 2, 22.
p. 132 George Gilbert Scott: Scott, G. G., f, k.
p. 132 an order by the Post Office: Quick, 52.
p. 132 ‘Wryteezy’: ILN, 4 Jan. 1890, 11.
p. 132 typewriting service: RM, Nov. 2011, 24.
Chapter 5: Risks and Anxieties
p. 135 his every reference: Hilton, 365.
p. 135 railways do not come off well: Ruskin 1, letters 35 (Nov. 1873), 69 (Sept. 1876), 77 (May 1877), 33 (Sept. 1873) and 80 (Aug. 1877).
p. 135 ‘a new arrangement of glass roofing’: Ruskin 4, ii, ch. 1.
p. 136 ‘concentrate his dinner’: Ruskin 2, iii, ch. 17.24.
p. 137 ‘Better bury gold’: Ruskin 3, ch. 4.21.
p. 138 An earlier number: Ruskin 1, letter 44 (Aug. 1874).
p. 139 his very own road coach: Hilton, 615–16.
p. 139 Sheffield was Ruskin’s choice: Barringer, 235–7.
p. 139 Ford Madox Brown’s diary: Brown, F. M., 188.
p. 139 ‘the dull, monotonous railway’: The Odd Fellow, 8 May 1841.
p. 140 ‘hurrygraphs’: Harrington 2, 243–59.
p. 140 new boat train service: ‘A Flight’, HW, 30 Aug. 1851.
p. 140 ‘a leader of the steam-whistle party’: Hilton, 475.
p. 141 sailor on leave: PIP, 4 Jan. 1862.
p. 142 old man on the Norfolk Railway: Paar and Grey, 62–4.
p. 142 Winchburgh smash: Rolt 4, 64, 51–8.
p. 142 accidental deaths in 1861: PIP, 17 May 1862.
p. 142 the crossing at Whittlesford: Cambridge Independent Press, 23 Jan. 1847.
p. 143 average of £324,474: Simmons 5, 279.
p. 143 W. F. Mills: Fielding, K. J., 362n.
p. 144 The Lancet in 1862: quoted Schivelbusch, 203.
p. 144 representative Old Lady: PIP, 22 Nov. 1862.
p. 144 Punch: Punch, 14 Sept. 1878; 18 Sept. 1852; 23 Mar. 1853; 18 July 1857.
p. 145 Railway Passengers Assurance: www.aviva.com/about-us/heritage/companies/railway-passengers-assurance-company.
p. 147 ‘inflated railway caps’: Great Exhibition Catalogue (1851), 3.20.
p. 147 ‘Patent First-Class Costume’: Punch, 19 Aug. 1876.
p. 147 Radstock collision: Rolt 4, 147–53.
p. 147 In the event of a collision: RTHB, 81–2.
p. 147 Augustus Hare: Hare, i, 153.
p. 148 The Times’s report: The Times, 16 June 1845.
p. 149 The intrepid Albert: MacDermot, i, 659–60.
p. 149 the GWR built a special carriage; routine part of Victoria’s life: Ellis, C. H. 6, 4–7; 62–5.
p. 149 overheated rooms: Rappaport, 150.
p. 149 Victoria’s funeral train: Ellis, C. H. 6, 81.
p. 149 sent from Balmoral: Andrews, 114–15.
p. 150 notable victims: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography; G. E. Cokayne et al., The Complete Peerage (1910–59); John Venn, Alumni Cantabrigienses (1940–54). Also Rolt 4, 162 (Anson); Robbins 1 (Baly); Melville, 7 (Brough); MacDermot, i, 648 (Gibbs); Cambridge Independent Press, 1 Apr. 1865 and 21 Apr. 1866 (Hoare).
p. 151 Jumbo: Barnum, 344.
p. 152 The Staplehurst accident: Hill.
p. 152 Dickens’s response was heroic: Ackroyd, 958–60.
p. 152–3 Edward Dickenson; Dickens’s letters: Storey, 61n; 56–7 (Thomas Mitton), etc.
p. 153–4 Ellen Ternan; sent ahead to Dover: Ackroyd, 794, 912; 683.
p. 154 in a royal saloon: Dolby, 356.
p. 154 Penny Illustrated Paper’s artist: PIP, 24 June 1865.
p. 154 jewellery lost by Ellen: Ackroyd, 962.
p. 155 fast new service to France: ‘A Flight’, HW, 30 Aug. 1851.
p. 155 cottage for Nelly: Tomalin, 167–8.
p. 156 The two men’s first journey; trip to Scotland; in his stride: Dolby, 11; 33; 29, 35, 73.
p. 156 ‘reckless fury of the driving’: Storey, 306–7.
p. 156–7 ‘ever in his mind’; Leaving Belfast: Dolby, 67–8, 353; 366–9.
p. 157 his doctors; Cuthbert Bede recalled: Ackroyd, 1044; 837.
p. 157 a period of shock: Forster, ii, 376.
p. 158 ‘suddenly fall into a paroxysm’: Dickens, M., 115–16.
