When China Rules the World, page 65
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[528] ‘Chinese Patents in “Sharp Rise”’, posted on www.bloc.co.uk/news.
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[529] ‘ China Makes a Move into High-value Exports’, International Herald Tribune, 7 June 2007.
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[530] ‘Faced with a Steep Learning Curve’, Financial Times special report on global brands, 23 April 2007.
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[531] Lee, ‘Strategic Alliances’, pp. 5–6.
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[532] Nolan, Transforming China , p. 206.
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[533] Ibid., pp. 205, 233-93.
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[534] Nolan, China at the Crossroads, p. 24.
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[535] Chunli Lee, ‘ China Targets Detroit ’, World Business, April 2006, pp. 30–32. Local car-makers dominate cars priced below RM 100,000 ($12,000); foreign car-makers all those above. Ibid., pp. 30–32; also ‘Minicars Drive Geely’, South China Morning Post, 16 September 2006.
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[536] ‘ India ’s Car for the Common Man’, posted on www.bbc.co.uk (accessed 13/5/08). Also Anand Giridharadas, ‘Spirit of Gandhi Inspires a Bargain’, International Herald Tribune, 8 January 2008.
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[537] Chunli Lee, ‘Trends of Open Product Architecture and Internationalisation of Private Companies in the Chinese Automobile Industry’, Aichi University Economic Review, 169 (November 2005), pp. 3–5, 10–14, 23-5; Chunli Lee, Jin Chen and Takahiro Fujimoto, ‘Chinese Automobile Industry and Product Architectures’, unpublished paper; Chunli Lee, ‘Product Development by Chinese Automakers: The Dilemma of Imitation and Innovation’, unpublished working paper for International Vehicle Program, MIT, July 2007, pp. 1-30.
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[538] Geely, for example, has announced that it will assemble cars in Indonesia; ‘Geely to Make Cars in Indonesia as Malaysia Refuses to Host Plant’, South China Morning Post, 28 September 2006. ‘Chery Gears Up for US Roll-out’, South China Morning Post, 26 April 2006.
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[539] ‘TCL to Close TV Factories in Europe’, South China Morning Post, 1 November 2006.
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[540] ‘ US Market is Losing Its Appeal to China ’, International Herald Tribune, 18 April 2007.
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[541] ‘ China ’s Plane Ambitions Take Off’, posted on www.bbc.co.uk/news.
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[542] ‘Airbus Near a Deal for Assembly Line in China ’, International Herald Tribune, 16 March 2006.
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[543] ‘Chinese Group to Bid for All Six Airbus Plants’, Guardian, 19 June 2007.
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[544] ‘Air Battle on the Ground in China ’, International Herald Tribune, 28 February 2007.
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[545] ‘China Plans Space Station in 2020’ and ‘China Launches First Moon Orbiter’, posted on www.bbc.co.uk/news.
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[546] For the steady penetration of Chinese TV sets into the US market, see Shenkar, The Chinese Century, pp. 152-3; and China Goes Global (London: Financial Times, 2005).
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[547] ‘Faced with a Steep Learning Curve’, Financial Times special report on global brands, 23 April 2007; ‘China Aims for Spot among Top World Brands’, South China Morning Post, 5 October 2006.
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[548] Lenovo is the world’s fourth biggest PC seller; Sonia Kolesnikov-Jessop, ‘Putting Lenovo’s Brand on the Global Map’, International Herald Tribune, 27-8 September 2008.
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[549] ‘PetroChina Overtakes Exxon After Shanghai Debut’, Financial Times, 5 November 2007; Gideon Rachman, ‘China Has Risen’, international affairs blog, Financial Times, 9 November 2007; also Andy Xie, ‘China’s Bubble May Burst But the Impact Will Be Limited’, Financial Times, 16 October 2007.
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[550] ‘A Complex Rationale for China ’s Raid on Rio ’, Financial Times, 13 February 2008.
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[551] Lex, ‘Chinese Oil Majors’, Financial Times, 29 October 2008.
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[552] ‘ China Turns Risk Averse, Even as Capital Outflows Rise’, Financial Times, 17 January 2008.
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[553] Nolan, Transforming China , pp. 222, 227-8.
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[554] Lawrence Brainard and Jonathan Fenby, ‘Chinese Takeout’, Wall Street Journal, 20 February 2007.
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[555] Barry Naughton, The Chinese Economy: Transitions and Growth (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2007), p. 313.
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[556] Geoff Dyer and Richard McGregor, ‘ China ’s Champions: Why State Ownership is No Longer Proving a Dead Hand’, Financial Times, 16 March 2008.
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[557] Geoff Dyer and Richard McGregor, ‘ China ’s Champions: Why State Ownership is No Longer Proving a Dead Hand’, Financial Times, 16 March 2008.
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[558] The figures in this section are mainly based on Hu Angang, ‘Five Major Scale Effects of China’s Rise’, unpublished seminar paper, East Asia Institute, National University of Singapore, 2005, pp. 1-14; also Angus Maddison, The World Economy: Historical Statistics (Paris: OECD, 2003).
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[559] Yu Yongding, ‘The Interactions between China and the World Economy’, p. 4.
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[560] ‘The Dragon and the Eagle Survey’, The Economist, 2 October 2004, p. 29.
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[561] See, for example, Roger F. Noriega, ‘China’s Influence in the Western Hemisphere’, statement before the House Sub-committee on the Western Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 16 April 2005; Prestowitz, Three Billion New Capitalists, p. 241; and Leni Wild and David Mepnam, eds, The New Sinosphere: China in Africa (London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 2006).
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[562] Prestowitz, Three Billion New Capitalists, p. 240; Shenkar, The Chinese Century, p. 110; ‘Latin Textile Makers Feel Chinese Pressure’, International Herald Tribune, 2 April 2007.
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[563] Prestowitz, Three Billion New Capitalists, p. 137.
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[564] Ibid., p. 199.
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[565] Shenkar, The Chinese Century, p. 113.
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[566] Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Yee Wong, ‘Prospects for Regional Free Trade in Asia’, working paper, Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC, October 2005, p. 4; Prestowitz, Three Billion New Capitalists, p. 226.
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[567] Yu Yongding, ‘ China ’s Rise, Twin Surplus and the Change of China’s Development Strategy’, pp. 26–30.
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[568] ‘ China ’s Reserves Near Milestone’, Wall Street Journal, 17 October 2006.
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[569] Andrew Batson, ‘ China May Get More Daring With Its $1.07 Trillion Stash’, Wall Street Journal, 15 February 2007.
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[570] ‘ China Money Trouble: Where to Park It All’, International Herald Tribune, 6 March 2007.
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[571] ‘China Voices Alarm at Dollar Weakness’, Financial Times, 19 November 2007; Keith Bradsher, ‘Rising Cost of Buying US Debt Puts Strain on China’s Economy’, International Herald Tribune, 4 September 2008.
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[572] Also, Lex, ‘ China and Fannie Mae’, Financial Times, 17 July 2008.
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[573] ‘ China Acts to Become Huge Global Investor’, International Herald Tribune, 10–11 March 2007.
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[574] ‘ Beijing to Take $3bn Gamble on Blackstone’, Financial Times, 18 May 2007.
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[575] ‘ China ’s Two Trillion Dollar Question’, editorial, Financial Times, 11 September 2008.
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[576] For a broader view of the rise of such funds, see Martin Wolf, ‘The Brave New World of State Capitalism’, Financial Times, 16 October 2007.
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[577] ‘China Aids Barclays on ABN Amro’, Financial Times, 23 July 2007; ‘The Chinese Bank Plan is One to Watch’, Financial Times, 23 July 2007.
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[578] ‘Bear Stearns in Landmark China Deal’, Financial Times, 22 October 2007.
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[579] ‘Chinese Banks Seek Stake in StanChart’, Financial Times, 18 November 2007. Earlier in 2007, the Bank of China was reported as being interested in acquiring a US bank; ‘Bank of China Seeking US Acquisition Targets’, South China Morning Post, 22 January 2007.
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[580] Wang Zhengyi, ‘Conceptualising Economic Security and Governance’, p. 541.
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[581] Elizabeth Economy, ‘China, the United States and the World Trade Organization’, Council on Foreign Relations, Washington, DC, 3 July 2002, pp. 1–4; Shen Boming, ‘The Challenges Ahead: China’s Membership in WTO’, 2002, available to download from www.cap.lmu.de/transatlantic/download/Shen_Boming.doc, p. 7; Shenkar, The Chinese Century, pp. 167-8; Yu Yong Ding, ‘The Interactions between China and the World Economy’, pp. 4–5.
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[582] ‘China Tackles Tainted Food Crisis’, ‘Scandal-hit China Food Firms Shut’, ‘Chinese-made Toys Recalled in US’ and ‘Bush Tackles Scares over Imports’, all posted at www.bbc.co.uk/news; ‘US Trade Body Sets Stage for Action on Beijing “Sub- sidies”’, South China Morning Post, 18 December 2006: ‘Mattel Apologises to “the Chinese People”’, Financial Times, 21 September 2007; ‘Beijing Overhauling Food Safety Controls’, International Herald Tribune, 7 June 2007.
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[583] Wang Zhengyi, ‘Conceptualising Economic Security and Governance’, p. 541.
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[584] AsiaInt.com, Economist Intelligence Review, October/November 2006, pp. 1–5; and Martin Jacques, ‘The Death of Doha ’, Guardian, 13 July 2006.
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[585] Kynge, China Shakes the World, pp. 72, 78–82.
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[586] In its projections for 2020, the World Bank suggests that the developed world will continue to be a net beneficiary of China ’s rise because of the latter’s demands for its capital-intensive manufactured products together with services, and because of the significant terms of trade gains that will accrue from its growing demand for these products. But they will continue to lose out in labour-intensive manufactured products as China moves up the value-added chain. Countries that are close competitors of China — like India, Indonesia and the Philippines — will probably still benefit, but they will find the prices of their major exports falling; while less developed countries which are not endowed with natural resources will find China’s continued growth having a relatively neutral economic effect at best. See World Bank, China Engaged: Integration with the Global Economy (Washington, DC: 1997), pp. 29–35.
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[587] Kynge, China Shakes the World, pp. 118-20.
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[588] Thomas L. Friedman, ‘Democrates and China ’, International Herald Tribune, 11–12 November 2006; ‘G7 Calls for Stronger Chinese Yuan’, posted on www.bbc.co.uk/news.
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[589] James Mann, The China Fantasy: How Our Leaders Explain Away Chinese Repression (New York: Viking, 2007), pp. 1–7.
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[590] James Kynge, China Shakes the World: The Rise of a Hungry Nation (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2006), p. 203; and Julia Lovell, The Great Wall: China against the World 1000 BC-AD 2000 (London: Atlantic Books, 2006), pp. 30 and 27.
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[591] Lucian W. Pye, The Spirit of Chinese Politics (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992), pp. 207, 212-17.
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[592] Wang Gungwu, ‘Early Ming Relations with Southeast Asia: A Background Essay’, in John King Fairbank, ed., The Chinese World Order: Traditional China’s Foreign Relations (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968), p. 61.
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[593] Cited in Zheng Yongnian, Will China Become Democratic?: Elite, Class and Regime Transition (Singapore: EAI, 2004), p. 81.
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[594] Huang Ping, ‘“Beijing Consensus”, or “Chinese Experiences”, or What?’, unpublished paper, 2005, p. 6.
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[595] Tu Wei-ming, The Living Tree: The Changing Meaning of Being Chinese Today (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994), pp. 3–4.
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[596] Daniel A. Bell and Hahm Chaibong, eds, Confucianism for the Modern World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 1.
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[597] Wang Gungwu, The Chineseness of China: Selected Essays (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 2–3.
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[598] Peter Nolan, China at the Crossroads (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2004), p. 154.
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[599] Interview with Huang Ping, Beijing, 10 December 2005.
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[600] Tu Wei-ming, The Living Tree, p. 17.
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[601] Howard Gardner, To Open Minds (New York: BasicBooks, 1989), p. 269; also pp. 13–14, 150, 217. Pye, The Spirit of Chinese Politics, pp. 94- 5. Given that calligraphy, the drawing and reproducing of characters, forms the basis of Chinese art, it is unsurprising that it is of a quite different content and style to Western art. Which, one might ask, is the better system? Howard Gardner, the American educationalist, argues that both have their strengths. The point that needs stressing here, though, is the fundamental difference between the two and their deep historical and cultural roots; in the light of this, we should not expect to witness any serious pattern of convergence. Gardner argues: ‘It [is] disastrous to inject — unexamined — our notions of education, progress, technology into alien cultural contexts: it [is] far more timely to understand these alternative conceptions on their own terms, to learn from them if possible, and for the most part to respect (rather than to tamper with) their assumptions and their procedures.’ Gardner, To Open Minds, p.118.
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[602] Interview with Huang Ping, Beijing, 10 December 2005; Huang Ping, ‘“Bei jing Consensus”, or “Chinese Experiences”, or What?’, p. 7.
