Fascism, page 26
“unbelievable job”: Trump quoted in Michael Gerson, “Trump’s Embrace of Strongmen Is a Very Bad Strategy,” Washington Post, June 22, 2017.
“fantastic”: Trump, quoted ibid.
“there won’t be strain”: Trump, quoted ibid.
“was a bad guy”: Trump, campaign rally, Raleigh, North Carolina, July 6, 2016.
“You have to give him credit”: Trump, campaign rally, Ottumwa, Iowa, January 9, 2016.
“a man so highly respected”: Trump, quoted in Jeremy Diamond, “Timeline: Donald Trump’s Praise for Vladimir Putin,” CNN, July 29, 2016.
“bad, very bad”: Trump, quoted in Anthony Faiola, “The Germans Are ‘Bad, Very Bad’: Trump’s Alleged Slight Generates Confusion, Backlash,” Washington Post, May 26, 2017.
“slaps the right people”: Nikki Haley, press briefing, White House, September 14, 2017.
a “clear message”: Phay Siphan, quoted in Mike Ives, “Cambodian Government Cites Trump in Threatening Foreign News Outlets,” New York Times, February 28, 2017.
“If the president of the United States”: Chinese People’s Daily, quoted in “Autocrats Across the Globe Echo Trump’s ‘Fake News’ Swipes,” New York Times, December 13, 2017.
“When the world looks at how bad”: Trump, interviewed by David E. Sanger and Maggie Haberman, “Donald Trump on NATO, Turkey’s Coup Attempt and the World,” New York Times, July 21, 2016.
“For decades our country”: Trump, remarks at Make America Great Again rally, Harrisburg.
“been disrespected, mocked and ripped off”: Trump, interviewed by David E. Sanger and Maggie Haberman, “Donald Trump Expounds on His Foreign Policy Views,” New York Times, March 26, 2016.
“every decision on trade”: Trump, Inaugural Address, Washington, D.C., January 20, 2017.
“I will always put America first”: Trump, address to the UN General Assembly, New York, September 19, 2017.
“clear-eyed outlook that the world”: H. R. McMaster and Gary Cohn, “America First Doesn’t Mean America Alone,” Wall Street Journal, May 30, 2017.
“So I go to Poland”: Trump, interviewed by Peter Baker, Michael S. Schmidt, and Maggie Haberman, “Excerpts from the Times’s Interview with Trump,” New York Times, July 19, 2017.
“I’m the only one”: Trump, interviewed by Laura Ingraham, The Ingraham Angle, Fox News, November 2, 2017.
“I’m a very instinctual person”: Trump, interviewed by Michael Scherer, Time, March 23, 2017.
“a very stable genius”: Trump, quoted in David Nakamura and Karen Tumulty, “Trump Defends Fitness for Office,” Washington Post, January 7, 2018.
“somewhat over”: Angela Merkel, quoted in Samuel Osborne, “Angela Merkel Says Germany Can No Longer Rely on Donald Trump’s America,” Independent (UK), May 28, 2017.
“not just through the terror”: Primo Levi, quoted in Stanislao Pugliese, “A Specter Haunting America: Trump and Italian Fascism,” La Voce di New York, November 20, 2016.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: BAD DREAMS
“haughty millionaires who are gathering up the riches”: James B. Weaver, A Call to Action (Des Moines: Iowa Printing Co., 1892), 6.
“Every Man a King”: Huey P. Long, “Share Our Wealth,” national radio address, February 23, 1934.
“pointy-headed college professors”: George Wallace, quoted in Ken Ringle, “The Enduring Symbol of an Era of Hate,” Washington Post, September 15, 1998.
“I was killing Fascists”: Wallace, quoted in Federico Finchelstein, From Fascism to Populism in History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2017), 221.
“giant sucking sound”: Ross Perot, second presidential campaign debate, Richmond, Virginia, October 15, 1992.
“Goebbels would have just envied”: Perot, quoted in Jeff Noonan, “Lessons from History IV: Right Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort,” Jeff Noonan: Interventions and Evocations blog, www.jeffnoonan.org.
“To live in this process”: German citizen quoted in Milton Mayer, They Thought They Were Free: The Germans, 1933–45 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), 166–73.
“The time has come for a movement”: “Who We Are,” American Blackshirts, https://www.americanblackshirts.com/about.
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: THE RIGHT QUESTIONS
“Whoever fights with monsters”: Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil, trans. R. J. Hollingdale (London: Penguin, 1973; first published 1886), 102.
“we will be like all the other nations”: 1 Samuel 8:20 (New International Version).
“I will tell you what has carried me”: Adolf Hitler, quoted in Bullock, Hitler, 381.
“We know, deep down”: George W. Bush, Bush Institute National Forum on Freedom, Free Markets, and Security, Lincoln Center, New York, October 19, 2017.
“vacillating”: Senator Zachariah Chandler (R-Mich.), Senator William Fessenden (R-Maine), William M. Dickson (R-Ohio), quoted in Mark Bowden, “‘Idiot,’ ‘Yahoo,’ ‘Original Gorilla’: How Lincoln Was Dissed in His Day,” Atlantic, June 2013.
“As I sit in Qunu”: Nelson Mandela, UN General Assembly, September 21, 1998.
“The crowd doesn’t have to know”: Benito Mussolini, quoted in Smith, Mussolini, 126.
Index
The pagination of this digital edition does not match the print edition from which the index was created. To locate a specific entry, please use your ebook reader’s search tools.
Adams, John Quincy, 209
Afghanistan, 97, 111, 117
Africa, governments of, 113
See also Rhodesia; South Africa; specific countries
Albania, 25, 49, 84
Kosovo and, 101–2, 103, 104
Albright, Madeleine, 185, 235
American troops in England and (1944), 208
Babiš, impression of, 183–84
Bush’s relationship with, 244–45
in Carter’s White House, 123
Chávez and, 121, 122, 126
as secretary of state, 102, 126, 143, 171, 195, 213, 245, 255
Cold War and worldview of, 156–57
Community of Democracies conference, 106–7
on the EU, 180
family members murdered in the Holocaust, 2, 66
family returns to Czechoslovakia (1945–48), 82–87
family travels to America (1948), 1, 87, 185
family’s escape to London (1939), 1, 67
father of (see Korbel, Josef)
on fundamental purpose of foreign policy, 200–201
at Georgetown University, Walsh School, 218, 232–37, 248–49
German bombing of Britain and, 67–69
on globalism and cooperation, 217–18
Gulen Institute and, 148
human rights work, 213–14
Hungary welcomed into NATO and, 171
as immigrant in America, 2–3, 185
on immigration issues, 187
Kim Dae-jung and, 214
Kosovo crisis and Milošević, 101–5, 196
on NATO, 218
as NDI chair, 109–11
in presidential campaigns, 116
Putin and, 158–59, 167
Pyongyang visit and meetings with Kim Jong-il, 195–99
remarks at Bush Institute event, October 2017, 245
staff member, Carter White House, 123
study of Eastern Europe, 3
survey of attitudes regarding democracy and free enterprise, 157
think tank projects and, 247
Trump’s presidency, analysis, 216–24, 245–46
on Turkey and Erdoğan, 143–45, 151
as UN ambassador, 97, 213–14
Alfonso XIII, King of Spain, 49
Aliyev, Ilham, 244
Alvarado, Juan Velasco, 123–24
America First Committee (AFC), 216
American Blackshirts, 235
American People’s Party, 226
Angola, 97
Anthony, Susan B., 126
anti-Semitism, 56
in Germany, 33, 80
in Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia, 65
Mosley and Fascism in Britain, 58
Pelley and the Silver Legion, 61
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 92
in the Soviet Union, 80, 89
statutes in Italy, 74
in the U.S., 62
Arafat, Yasser, 199–200
Argentina, 93, 122–23
civilian rule in, 168
as haven for Nazis, 123
Perónism in, 123
Armenia, 97
Assad, Bashar al-, 166
Austria, 36, 76
Freedom Party, 182
Hitler and, 30, 31, 37, 58, 66
Nazi assassination of the chancellor, 46
post–World War I, 13
World War I and, 17
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 13, 55, 174
autocracy, 5, 11, 49, 113, 119, 165, 221, 244
tactics of Fascism and, 119
See also Philippines; Russia; Venezuela; specific autocrats
Azerbaijan, 97, 244
Babiš, Andrej, 183–84
Bahrain, 210–11
Baker, James, 166
Baltic States, 4, 71
Beneš, Edvard, 83, 85–86
Berdimuhamedow, Gurbanguly, 244
Berlin Wall, 3, 89, 93, 106, 156, 159, 168, 175
Blackwood, Cleo Haney, 93
Bolívar, Simón, 124, 130, 135
Bolivia, 132
Booth, John Wilkes, 250
Bosnia-Herzegovina, 99–100
Bosnian War, 97–100
Braun, Eva, 78
Brazil, 93, 228
Brecht, Bertolt, The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui, 225–26
British Union of Fascists (BUF), 57–58
Broz, Josip (Tito), 85, 98
Bryan, William Jennings, 227
Buckley, William, 236
Bulgaria, 84, 138, 179
Burma, 205
See also Myanmar
Bush, George H. W., 4, 157, 245
Bush, George W., 234, 237, 244
North Korea and, 199, 200
speech at Bush Institute National Forum (October 2017), 244–45
Cabaret (musical), 63–64
Cambodia, 97, 212, 243
capitalism, 21, 115, 121, 130, 249
anti-capitalists, 9, 20, 79, 82
Cardinal’s Mistress, The (Mussolini), 16–17, 17n
Carson, Johnny, 236
Carter, Jimmy, 92, 123, 214
Castro, Fidel, 127, 130
Catherine the Great, 162
Chaplin, Charlie, 43, 43n, 45, 78
Chávez, Adán, 124
Chávez, Hugo, 121–22, 124–33, 135, 243
accomplishments, 131–32
accumulating power, 126
background and family, 124, 126
character and personality, 121, 127, 131, 132
communications strategy, 127
democracy and government of, 129–31
failed coup against (2002), 128–29, 130
failures of, 132–33
Fascism and, 135
politics as spectacle and, 130
as public speaker, 130–31
putsch attempt by and jailing of, 125–26
righteous anger and, 126–27
successor for, 133–35
tenure of president and, 126
Chile, 93, 110, 168
China, 92
authoritarianism in, 248
economic opening and reform, 193
human rights issues and, 214
increasing power of, 222
Internet firewalls by, 115
Korean War and, 190
North Korea and, 193, 202
Trump’s trade policy and, 222
on U.S. media, 213
Churchill, Winston, 83
on Hitler, 41
Mosley’s imprisonment and, 58
Mussolini and, 15
rejection of Hitler’s peace demands, 67
on World War I, 13
Cicero, 111
Clinton, Bill, 102, 245
Agreed Framework and, 194
Chávez and, 121, 122
Community of Democracies conference, 106–7
foreign policy of, 106–7
Israeli-Palestinian peace and, 199
on leadership, 242
North Korea and, 193–94, 199–200
Clinton, Hillary, 252
Cold War, 83, 84, 93, 223
ending of, 97, 110, 112, 167
nuclear threat during, 2–3
shaping of a generation’s worldview, 156–57
Soviet Union during, 92
in Turkey, 140
Colombia, 127, 134
Communism
as anti-nationalist, 96
in Czechoslovakia, 1, 83–84, 86, 88
disdain for democracy, 79, 156–57
failings of, 82
Fascism contrasted with, 79–82
Hitler’s attack on, 30, 33, 35
Mussolini’s opposition to, 21, 22
in Poland, 175
utopian aspirations, 80
See also Soviet Union
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide, 105
Coolidge, Calvin, 6
Costa Rica, 93
Coughlin, Father Charles, 61
Crimea, 165–66, 218
Croatia, 97–98
Cuba, 127, 128, 130, 132, 213
cyberwarfare, 165
Czech Republic (former Czechoslovakia)
Action of Dissatisfied Citizens movement, 183
Albright’s family escapes (1939), 1, 67
Albright’s family returns (1945–48), 82–87
Beneš as president, 85–86
competition between Communists and democrats, 1, 83–89
elections 2017–2018, 183–84
government-in-exile, 68
Havel and, 3, 4, 170
Henlein and Nazism in, 59–60
Jan Masaryk’s murder, 87, 88
Hitler invades (1939), 1, 101, 218
Korbel in government, 1, 68, 82–83, 85–86
Nazi occupation, 60, 65, 66
postwar years, 82–83
Prague, 143
Prague’s Wenceslas Square, 3, 146
protests (1989), 146
Tomáš Masaryk and, 117–18
Velvet Revolution, 3
Dangerous Rise of Populism, The (Human Rights Watch), 228
Darwin, Charles, 12
democracy
advantages of, 117, 118
asking the right questions about, 241–54
“under assault and in retreat,” 4
condition of today, 109, 168
“curate’s egg” analogy, 108, 113, 117
demands of the electorate, 116
development of, NDI and similar groups, 109–11
disdain of, by Fascists and Communists, 79, 81, 156–57
Economist’s Democracy Index 2017, 112
failure of democratic idealism following World War I, 13–14
growth of Fascism within, 9
illiberal democracy, 172–74, 176, 228
in Latin America, 4, 168
nations considered democracies today, 113
promoting values of, 117
questions about prospective leaders and, 253
Reagan’s support for, 92
remedy available for errors in, 117
renaissance of, post–Cold War, 3–4, 167–68
representative democracy challenged by alternatives, 113
traditional social contract and, 11
Trump and, 5, 7, 220, 246
U.S., taking for granted, 2
U.S. and nation-building efforts, 116–17
U.S. ranked as “flawed democracy” in 2017, 112–13
as view of life, 118
Wilson’s idealism, 13
See also specific countries
dictatorships, 11, 82, 110, 117, 191, 214, 243
Nixon’s “free world” partners, 93
Duterte, Rodrigo, 5, 209–10, 246
Trump and, 210
Economist, The, Democracy Index, 112–13
Ecuador, 132
Egypt, 93, 140, 146, 210
Eichmann, Adolf, 123
Eisenhower, Dwight D., “Atoms for Peace” program, 92
Elena, Queen of Italy, 25
El Salvador, 111
Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip, 137–53, 243, 246, 248
accumulating power in Turkey, 145–46, 150–51, 211
as AKP leader, 138, 141, 142, 144–46
Albright in Turkey and meetings with, 143–45, 151
appearance, 141–42
arrest of (1997), 137–38
attempted coup against (2016), 147–49
authoritarianism of, 150–51, 153
background and family, 138–39
mandatory religious instruction and, 146
Orbán’s admiration of, 172
repressive measures by, 149–50
as Turkey’s prime minister, 142, 143–53, 211
Vision 2023 agenda, 152
Ethiopia, 25, 44, 45, 46
Europe
Balkans and Bosnian war, 97–100
conflicts in former Soviet states, 97
democracy rebirth in Central Europe, 110
Fascism in and appeal of, 13, 20, 58–59, 60, 63–64, 119 (see also Mussolini, Benito; Hitler, Adolf)
hyper-nationalist entities in, 182–83
illegal immigration to, 186
labor shortages and promotion of immigration, 181
left-wing labor politics in, 16
Marshall Plan and, 6, 84
Munich Pact, 60
Muslim population of, 181
nationalism in, 178, 182
nativism vs. cosmopolitanism, 181
NATO and, 88
neo-Nazis in, 183
populism in, 228
post–World War I, 13
refugee crisis, 181–82, 248
terrorism in, 181
Turkish diaspora in, 151
unification, vision for, 4, 92
See also European Union; World War I; World War II; specific countries
European Union (EU), 97, 115–16
Brexit movement, 181
Central Europeans break from Moscow and, 179–80
economic success of, 179
four dangers to, 220
human rights and, 105
Hungary and, 171, 172, 174
immigration problem and, 180–81
intrusive regulations of, 180
less wealthy states in, 179
Poland and, 176
popular attitudes toward, 179–80
problem of ethnic identity and, 180
refugee requirements for member countries, 183, 184
