From Pessimism to Promise, page 19
49. William Reddy, The Navigation of Feeling: A Framework for the History of Emotions (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
50. Adam D. I. Kramer, Jamie E. Guillory, and Jeffrey T. Hancock, “Experimental Evidence of Massive-Scale Emotional Contagion through Social Networks,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 24 (2014): 8788–8790.
51. James Vincent, “Microsoft to Retire Controversial Facial Recognition Tool That Claims to Identify Emotion,” The Verge, June 21, 2022, https://www.theverge.com/2022/6/21/23177016/microsoft-retires-emotion-recognition-azure-ai-tool-api.
52. Stéphane Hulaud, Identification of Taste Attributes from an Audio Signal, US Patent 10,891,948 B2, filed February 21, 2018, and issued January 12, 2021, https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/files/2021/01/SPOT-Patent.pdf.
53. Fight for the Future, “25+ Human Rights Organizations Demand Zoom Abandon Emotion Tracking and Analysis,” May 11, 2022, https://www.fightforthefuture.org/news/2022-05-10-25-human-rights-organizations-demand-zoom-abandon-emotion-tracking-and-analysis-ai.
54. “Seeing AI,” Microsoft AI, Microsoft, accessed October 27, 2023, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/ai/seeing-ai.
55. Amanda M. Gengler, “Emotions and Medical Decision-Making,” Social Psychology Quarterly 83, no. 2 (2020): 174–194.
56. Gengler, “Emotions.”
57. Chad A. Melton et al., “Fine-Tuned Sentiment Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine–Related Social Media Data: Comparative Study,” Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, no. 10 (2022): e40408.
58. “mHealth Apps Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report,” report ID GVR-1-68038-555-7, Grand View Research, accessed December 14, 2023, https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/mhealth-app-market/segmentation.
59. “Meditation Apps—Worldwide,” Statista, accessed May 14, 2023, https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/digital-health/digital-fitness-well-being/digital-fitness-well-being-apps/meditation-apps/worldwide#global-comparison.
60. Sylvie Borau, Tobias Otterbring, Sandra Laporte, and Samuel Fosso Wamba, “The Most Human Bot: Female Gendering Increases Humanness Perceptions of Bots and Acceptance of AI,” Psychology & Marketing 38, no. 7 (2021): 1052–1068.
61. Borau et al., “Most Human Bot,” 1065.
62. “Gallup Global Emotions 2022,” Gallup, 2022, https://img.lalr.co/cms/2022/06/29185719/2022-Gallup-Global-Emotions-Report-2022_compressed.pdf.
63. “Gallup Global Emotions 2022,” 2.
64. “How the West Fell Out of Love with Economic Growth,” The Economist, December 11, 2022, https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2022/12/11/how-the-west-fell-out-of-love-with-economic-growth.
Chapter 5
1. AIA, “Materials Pledge,” American Institute of Architects, accessed May 14, 2023, https://www.aia.org/pages/6351155-materials-pledge.
2. “Sustainable Product Policy,” EU Science Hub, European Commission, accessed November 3, 2023, https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/scientific-activities-z/sustainable-product-policy_en.
3. “Climate Change Mitigation,” United Kingdom Green Building Council, accessed December 13, 2023, https://ukgbc.org/our-work/climate-change-mitigation/; “Circular Economy Products,” Ellen MacArthur Foundation, June 15, 2021, https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/articles/circular-economy-products.
4. Climate Tech Report 2022 (London: TechNation, 2023), https://technation.io/report/climate-tech-report-2022/.
5. International Finance Corporation, Climate Investment Opportunities in Emerging Markets: An IFC Analysis (Washington, DC: International Finance Corporation, 2016), https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/mgrt/3503-ifc-climate-investment-opportunity-report-dec-final.pdf.
6. “Climate Justice,” Sustainable Development Goals, United Nations, last modified May 31, 2019, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/climate-justice/.
7. Design for Planet mission statement, Design Council, November 21, 2023, https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-mission/.
8. Kate Raworth, Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2017).
9. Angelica Gustilo Ong and Eduardo Gustale, “Frugal Innovations to Accelerate Sustainable Development,” Accelerator Labs (blog), United Nations Development Program, December 30, 2020, https://www.undp.org/acceleratorlabs/blog/frugal-innovations-accelerate-sustainable-development.
10. Osprey Orielle Lake, “Women Rising for the Earth,” Earth Island Journal (Autumn 2018), https://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/magazine/entry/women-rising-for-the-earth/#:~:text=Vandana%20Shiva%20has%20said%3A%20%E2%80%9CWe,by%20climate%20change%20and%20environmental.
11. “Why Is the EU’s Right to Repair Legislation Important?,” News, European Parliament, April 4, 2022, updated November 23, 2023, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20220331STO26410/why-is-the-eu-s-right-to-repair-legislation-important.
12. George Alfred James, Ecology Is Permanent Economy: The Activism and Environmental Philosophy of Sunderlal Bahuguna (Albany: SUNY Press, 2013).
13. “EU’s Right to Repair Legislation.”
14. “How Asia Is Crucial in the Battle against Climate Change,” The Economist, October 27, 2021, https://www.economist.com/special-report/2021/10/27/how-asia-is-crucial-in-the-battle-against-climate-change.
15. Mabel Gergan, Sara Smith, and Pavithra Vasudevan, “Earth beyond Repair: Race and Apocalypse in Collective Imagination,” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 38, no. 1 (2020): 91–110.
16. Heather Alberro, “Why We Should Be Wary of Blaming ‘Overpopulation’ for the Climate Crisis,” The Conversation, January 28, 2020, https://theconversation.com/why-we-should-be-wary-of-blaming-overpopulation-for-the-climate-crisis-130709.
17. Paul R. Ehrlich, “The Population Bomb,” New York Times, November 4, 1970, https://www.nytimes.com/1970/11/04/archives/the-population-bomb.html.
18. Alberro, “Why We Should Be Wary.”
19. United Nations, “SDG Indicators,” UN Statistics Division, accessed November 21, 2023, https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/indicators-list/.
20. Alberro, “Why We Should Be Wary.”
21. “Africa Will Remain Poor Unless It Uses More Energy,” The Economist, November 3, 2022, https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2022/11/03/africa-will-remain-poor-unless-it-uses-more-energy.
22. Graham Pickren, “Political Ecologies of Electronic Waste: Uncertainty and Legitimacy in the Governance of E-waste Geographies,” Environment and Planning A 46, no. 1 (2014): 26–45.
23. Roldan Muradian, “Frugality as a Choice vs. Frugality as a Social Condition: Is De-growth Doomed to Be a Eurocentric Project?,” Ecological Economics 161 (2019): 257–260.
24. J. Martinez-Alier, “The Environment as a Luxury Good or ‘Too Poor to Be Green’?,” Ecological Economics 13, no. 1 (1995): 1–10.
25. Eugenia Recio and Dina Hestad, “Still Only One Earth: Lessons from 50 Years of UN Sustainable Development Policy,” International Institute for Sustainable Development, April 22, 2022, https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/indigenous-peoples-defending-environment-all.
26. “Why Protecting Indigenous Communities Can Also Help Save the Earth,” The Guardian, October 12, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/climate-academy/2020/oct/12/indigenous-communities-protect-biodiversity-curb-climate-crisis.
27. Julia Kerkelä, “‘Land Is Life’: Climate Change Is Destroying the Arctic and the Sámi Way of Life,” The Greens, February 6, 2022, https://www.greens-efa.eu/opinions/sami-climate-change-in-the-arctic/.
28. Jana-Chin Rué Glutting and Apoorva Shankar, “Sustainability in the Global South Isn’t One-Size-Fits-All—Here’s Why,” Circle Economy, November 22, 2022, https://www.circle-economy.com/blogs/sustainability-in-the-global-south-isnt-one-size-fits-all-heres-why.
29. Kate Crawford, The Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2021).
30. Couldry and Mejias, “Data Colonialism.”
31. Georgette Kilgore, “Carbon Footprint of Data Centers & Data Storage per Country (Calculator),” 8 Billion Trees, March 28, 2023, https://8billiontrees.com/carbon-offsets-credits/carbon-ecological-footprint-calculators/carbon-footprint-of-data-centers/.
32. Payal Arora, “General Data Protection Regulation—a Global Standard? Privacy Futures, Digital Activism, and Surveillance Cultures in the Global South,” Surveillance & Society 17, no. 5 (2019): 717–725.
33. Worldcoin, accessed November 20, 2023, https://worldcoin.org/.
34. Eileen Guo and Adi Renaldi, “Deception, Exploited Workers, and Cash Handouts: How Worldcoin Recruited Its First Half a Million Test Users,” MIT Technology Review, April 6, 2022, https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/04/06/1048981/worldcoin-cryptocurrency-biometrics-web3/.
35. Sy Zygy, “How a Carbon-Backed Cryptocurrency Is Tackling Climate Change,” World Economic Forum, July 12, 2022, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/07/carbon-backed-cryptocurrency-tackling-climate-change/.
36. Meaghan Tobin, “Why China’s Crypto Cowboys Are Fleeing to Texas,” Rest of World, August 11, 2021, https://restofworld.org/2021/bitcoin-miners-china-texas/.
37. Mark Thompson, “Global Banking Crisis: What Just Happened?,” CNN, March 20, 2023, https://edition.cnn.com/2023/03/17/business/global-banking-crisis-explained/index.html.
38. Evin Cheikosman, “Why the Debate about Crypto’s Energy Consumption Is Flawed,” World Economic Forum, March 23, 2022, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/03/crypto-energy-consumption/.
39. Sarah Rainsford, “Bitcoin Babushkas: Cryptocurrency Mining in Siberia,” BBC News, December 29, 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-46634596.
40. Abubakar Nur Khalil, “The Nigerian Election and Naira Crisis Are Fueling Bitcoin Adoption,” Forbes, March 15, 2023, https://www.forbes.com/sites/abubakarnurkhalil/2023/03/01/nigerian-election-and-naira-crisis-is-fueling-bitcoin-adoption/?sh=296bb3cb35d4.
41. Chainalysis team, “The 2022 Global Crypto Adoption Index,” Chainalysis (blog), September 14, 2022, https://blog.chainalysis.com/reports/2022-global-crypto-adoption-index/.
42. Indy Johar and Kate Raworth, “The Big Picture,” presented at the Design for Planet Festival 2022, Vimeo video, 52:45, https://vimeo.com/657489496.
43. Payal Arora, “The Folksong Jukebox: Singing Along for Social Change in Rural India,” Asian Journal of Communication 22, no. 4 (2012): 337–352.
44. Don Norman, Design for a Better World: Meaningful, Sustainable, Humanity Centered (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2023).
45. Payal Arora, The Leisure Commons: A Spatial History of Web 2.0 (New York: Routledge, 2014).
46. Deborah Lupton, The Internet of Animals: Human-Animal Relationships in the Digital Age (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2023).
47. Thilo Hagendorff, Leonie N. Bossert, Yip Fai Tse, and Peter Singer, “Speciesist Bias in AI: How AI Applications Perpetuate Discrimination and Unfair Outcomes against Animals,” AI and Ethics 3, no. 3 (August 2023): 717–734.
48. Hagendorff et al., “Speciesist Bias in AI.”
49. Lupton, Internet of Animals.
50. Rosabelle Boswell, David O’Kane, and Jeremy Hills, The Palgrave Handbook of Blue Heritage (London: Springer Nature, 2022).
51. Brigitte Osterath, “Why Life Thrives in the Foggy Namib Desert,” Deutsche Welle, August 14, 2017, https://www.dw.com/en/why-life-thrives-in-the-foggy-namib-desert/a-39622196.
52. Lauren Parater, “Beyond Destruction: Innovation as an Offering for Repair, Renewal and Reparations,” Project Unsung, Medium, February 11, 2022, https://medium.com/project-unsung/beyond-destruction-innovation-as-an-offering-forrepair-renewal-and-reparations-4a3c89293350.
53. Amit Katwala, “The Spiralling Environmental Cost of Our Lithium Battery Addiction,” Wired, August 5, 2018, https://www.wired.co.uk/article/lithium-batteries-environment-impact.
54. Chris Benner and Manuel Pastor, Solidarity Economics: Why Mutuality and Movements Matter (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2021).
55. Katwala, “Spiralling Environmental Cost.”
56. “The Cloud: Is It Bad for the Environment?,” BBC News, February 19, 2023, https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/64625655.
57. Daniel Haberly and Dariusz Wójcik, Sticky Power: Global Financial Networks in the World Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022), 400.
58. Eduardo Kohn, How Forests Think: Toward an Anthropology beyond the Human (Oakland: University of California Press, 2013).
59. Kohn, How Forests Think.
60. Parater, “Beyond Destruction.”
61. Vandana Shiva, Monocultures of the Mind: Perspectives on Biodiversity and Biotechnology (London: Zed Books, 1993).
62. Vandana Shiva, The Violence of the Green Revolution: Third World Agriculture, Ecology and Politics (London: Zed Books, 1991).
63. “Reliance JioMart and Meta to Enable Grocery Shopping on WhatsApp,” Retail Insight Network, August 30, 2022, https://www.retail-insight-network.com/news/jiomart-whatsapp-grocery-retail/.
64. Xiaowei Wang, Blockchain Chicken Farm: And Other Stories of Tech in China’s Countryside (New York: FSG Originals x Logic, 2020).
65. Wang, Blockchain Chicken Farm.
66. Arora, Next Billion Users.
67. Bala Srinivasa, “CavinKare—Shampoo Sachet That Was the True Pioneer of Middle India Market,” The Guardian, November 12, 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sachet-packaging-low-income-communities-wastenightmare.
68. Srinivasa, “CavinKare.”
69. Axel Klimek and Alan AtKisson, Parachuting Cats into Borneo: And Other Lessons from the Change Café (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2016).
70. Horst W. J. Rittel and Melvin M. Webber, “Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning,” Policy Sciences 4 (1973): 155–169, https://www.sympoetic.net/Managing_Complexity/complexity_files/1973%20Rittel%20and%20Webber%20Wicked%20Problems.pdf.
71. “Shampoo Sachets Are Not Plastic as They Appear,” News, The Fletcher School, Tufts University, December 14, 2022, https://fletcher.tufts.edu/news-events/news/shampoo-sachets-are-not-plastic-they-appear.
Epilogue
1. Personal communication.
2. Personal communication.
3. “Mapping Shifts in Learning,” FemLab, accessed November 21, 2023, https://femlab.co/mapping-shifts-in-learning-since-the-pandemic-in-india-2022-23/.
4. Lucy Mangan, “Unknown: Killer Robots Review—the Future of AI Will Fill You with Unholy Terror,” The Guardian, July 10, 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2023/jul/10/unknown-killer-robots-review-the-future-of-ai-will-fill-you-with-unholy-terror.
5. Michael T. Klare, “The Future of AI Is War,” The Nation, July 17, 2023, https://www.thenation.com/article/world/artificial-intelligence-us-military/; Chris Vallance, “Artificial Intelligence Could Lead to Extinction, Experts Warn,” BBC News, May 30, 2023, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-65746524.
6. Julia Zorthian, “OpenAI CEO Sam Altman Asks Congress to Regulate AI,” Time, May 16, 2023, https://time.com/6280372/sam-altman-chatgpt-regulate-ai/.
7. Merriam-Webster, s.v. “manual,” accessed November 21, 2023, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/manual.
8. Dan Swinhoe, “Africa Data Centres Acquires Land in Accra, Ghana,” DCD, May 19, 2023, https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/africa-data-centres-acquires-land-in-accra-ghana-set-to-begin-construction-soon/.
9. Ban Ki-moon, “Secretary-General Warns Two Thirds of Global Population Could Face Water-Stressed Conditions,” UN press release, March 18, 2016, https://press.un.org/en/2016/sgsm17610.doc.htm#:~:text=By%202025%2C%20nearly%201.8%20billion,central%20to%20addressing%20climate%20change.
Bibliography
“About Us.” Rest of World. Accessed May 14, 2023. https://restofworld.org/about/.
Acey, Camille E., Siko Bouterse, Sucheta Ghoshal, Amanda Menking, Anasuya Sengupta, and Adele G. Vrana. “Decolonizing the Internet by Decolonizing Ourselves: Challenging Epistemic Injustice through Feminist Practice.” Global Perspectives 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–8.
Adegoke, Yinka. “Why an Abu Dhabi-Based Streaming App Is the Future of the Global Music Industry.” Rest of World, September 2, 2021. https://restofworld.org/2021/why-an-abu-dhabi-based-streaming-app-is-the-future-of-the-global-music-industry/.
“Africa Will Remain Poor Unless It Uses More Energy.” The Economist, November 3, 2022. https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2022/11/03/africa-will-remain-poor-unless-it-uses-more-energy.
AIA. “Materials Pledge.” American Institute of Architects. Accessed May 14, 2023. https://www.aia.org/pages/6351155-materials-pledge.
“AI for the Global Goals.” Google. Accessed May 14, 2023. https://globalgoals.withgoogle.com/globalgoals.
