Courting India, page 53
37BL, Add MS 6115, fol. 156.
38Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 373.
39Ibid., p. 379.
40Ibid.
41‘A letter [from Sir Thomas Roe] to His Majesty’s Ambassador resident at the Court of the Grand Signor in Constantinople, dated the 21st of August 1617’, in William Foster, Letters Received by the East India Company from Its Servants in the East, Volume 6: 1617 (London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company, 1902), pp. 298–301 (p. 298).
42Jahangirnama, p. 228.
43Ibid., p. 232.
44‘ “To Nicholas Bangham at Burhanpur”, Roe from Mandu, 3 October 1617’, BL, Add MS 6115, fol. 266.
45Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 393.
46Ibid., p. 389.
47Ibid., p. 391.
48Ibid., p. 188.
49Ibid., p. 108.
50Ibid., p. 150.
51Ibid., p. 245.
52Ibid., p. 395.
53Ibid.
54Ibid., p. 400.
55Ibid.
56Ibid., p. 401.
57‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat, 1 October 1617’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 136–7 (p. 137).
58Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 402.
18 Triumph of Honour and Industry
1‘Orazio Busino’s Eyewitness Account of The Triumphs of Honour and Industry’, in Thomas Middleton: The Collected Works, ed. John Lavagnino et al., trans. Kate D. Levin (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2010), pp. 1264–70 (p. 1266).
2‘The Triumph of Works’, in ibid., pp. 1,253–63 (p. 1256).
3‘Orazio Busino’s Eyewitness Account’, in ibid., pp. 1264–70 (p. 1268).
4Ibid.
5Ibid., p. 1264.
6‘Triumph of Works’, in ibid., pp. 1256–7.
7‘Orazio Busino’, in ibid., p. 1267.
8See Lauren Working, The Making of an Imperial Polity: Civility and America in the Jacobean Metropolis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020), especially ‘Tobacco, Consumption, and Imperial Intent’, pp. 131–59.
9John Keay, The Honourable Company: A History of the English East India Company (London: Harper Collins, 1991), pp. 113–14.
10‘James […] to our trustye and wellbeloved Subject and Servant Benjamyn Joseph and to our trustye & wellbeloved subjecte, Henry Popwell of London’, in The Register of Letters &c of the Governour and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies, 1600–1619, ed. George Christopher Molesworth Birdwood and William Foster (London: Bernard Quaritch, 1893), pp. 463–87 (p. 466).
11Thomas Roe, The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul, 1615–1619, Volume 2, ed. William Foster (London: printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1899), p. 418.
12‘To Sir Dudley Carleton [London, January 31, 1618]’, in John Chamberlain, The Letters of John Chamberlain, Volume 2, ed. Norman Egbert McClure (Philadelphia, PA: The American Philosophical Society, 1939), pp. 133–5 (p. 135).
13Rupali Mishra, A Business of State: Commerce, Politics, and the Birth of the East India Company (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018), pp. 164–6.
14‘John More to Sir Ralph Winwood at the Hague, 15 Dec 1610’, in Memorials of Affairs of State in the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James 1, Volume 3, ed. Edmund Sawyer (London, 1725), pp. 239–40 (p. 239).
15Thomas Roe, The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to India (1615–19), ed. Sir William Foster (London: Oxford University Press, 1926), p. 132.
16Roe, Embassy, Volume 2 (1899), p. 445–6.
17Ibid., p. 481.
18Ibid., p. 451.
19Mishra, Business of State, pp. 180–90.
20Roe, Embassy, Volume 2 (1899), p. 438.
21Ibid., p. 437.
22George Carew Totnes, Letters from George Lord Carew to Sir Thomas Roe, Ambassador to the Court of the Great Mogul 1615–1617, ed. John Maclean (London: printed for the Camden Society, 1860), p. 77.
23‘In the Port of Swally. A Consultation held aboard the James Royal the second of October, anno 1617’, in Letters Received by the East India Company from Its Servants in the East, Volume 6: 1617, July to December, ed. William Foster (London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company, 1902), pp. 95–8 (p. 95).
24Ibid., pp. 96–7.
25‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge and the other Factors at Surat. Mandoa, October 11, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 116–24 (p. 118).
26‘Joseph Salbank to the East India Company. Agra, this 22nd of November, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 182–203 (pp. 198–9).
27‘Sir Thomas Roe to the Factors at Agra. Mandoa, 6th October, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 105–7 (p. 105).
28‘Sir Thomas Roe to the Factors at Surat. Leskar, six course from Mandoa, 8th November, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 145–51 (pp. 145, 150).
29‘Sir Thomas Roe to Captain Martin Pring. Leskar, six course from Mandoa, 8th November, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 151–6 (p. 154).
30‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. Mandoa, October 21, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 127–36 (p. 127).
31‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. The Woods, thirty course short of Amad[avaz], December 6, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 213–25 (p. 224).
32‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. Amadavaz, 18th December, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 227–32 (p. 227).
33‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. Six course off Mandoa, 3rd November, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 140–3 (p. 143).
34Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 405.
35‘Sir Thomas Roe to the Factors at Surat. Leskar, six course from Mandoa, 8th November, 1617’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 145–51 (p. 149).
36Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 405.
37‘Nathaniel Salmon, master of the New Year’s Gift, to the East India Company’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 290–2 (p. 291).
38‘Edward Monox to the East India Company. Copy of my letter the 28th December, 1617, in Jasques’, in ibid., pp. 269–87 (p. 277).
39Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 442.
40‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. Six course off Mandoa, 3rd November, 1617’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 140–3 (p. 142). See also ‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge and the other Factors at Surat. Mandoa, October 11, 1617’, ibid., pp. 116–24 (p. 121).
41‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. Six course off Mandoa, 3rd November, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 140–3 (p. 141).
42‘Sir Thomas Roe to the Factors at Surat. Leskar, six course from Mandoa, 8th November, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 145–51 (p. 150).
43Ibid.
44Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 419.
45Ibid., p. 449.
46‘Edward Monox to the East India Company […] 28th December 1617, in Jasques’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 269–87 (p. 276).
47Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 420.
48Ibid., pp. 420–1.
49Ibid., p. 421.
50R. E. Pritchard, Odd Tom Coryate: The English Marco Polo (Stroud: The History Press, 2004), p. 252.
51Ibid., p. 255.
52Edward Terry, A Voyage to East-India (London, 1655; Wing T782), p. 73.
53Pritchard, Odd Tom Coryate, p. 257.
54Terry, Voyage, p. 74.
55Ibid., p. 76.
56Ibid., p. 71.
57Ibid., p. 77.
19 Full Resolution
1T. C. A. Raghavan, Attendant Lords: Bairam Khan and Abdur Rahim, Courtiers and Poets in Mughal India, 1st edition (Noida: Harper Collins Publishers India, 2017), p. 242.
2‘Of the Travels of divers English-men in the Mogols Dominions’, in Purchas His Pilgrimage, ed. Samuel Purchas (London, 1625–26; STC 20508.5), pp. 529–34 (p. 534).
3Ibid.
4Ibid.
5Thomas Roe, The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to India (1615–19), ed. Sir William Foster (London: Oxford University Press, 1926), p. 448.
6Ibid., pp. 398–9.
7Ibid., p. 455.
8Ibid., p. 446.
9Ibid., p. 427.
10Ibid., p. 455.
11Ibid.
12Ibid., p. 469.
13Ibid., p. 427.
14Purchas His Pilgrimage (1626; STC 20508.5), p. 534.
15Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 455.
16‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surrat. Amafavaz, 18 December, 1617’, in Letters Received by the East India Company from Its Servants in the East, Volume 6: 1617, July to December, ed. William Foster (London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company, 1902), pp. 227–32 (p. 232).
17‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. Six course off Mandoa, 3rd November, 1617’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 140–3 (p. 143).
18Ibid., p. 423.
19William Foster, The English Factories in India, 1618–1621 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906), p. 25.
20‘Sir Thomas Roe to the Factors at Surat. Leskar, six course from Mandoa, 8th November, 1617’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 145–51 (p. 149).
21Foster, English Factories, p. 32.
22Thomas Roe, The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul, 1615–1619, Volume 2, ed. William Foster (London: printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1899), p. 491.
23Foster, English Factories, p. 33.
24Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 468.
25Foster, English Factories, p. 20.
26TNA, IOR/E/3/5, fol. 260.
27Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 448.
28Ibid., p. 466.
29Rupert Snell, The Hindi Classical Tradition: A Braj Bhāṣā Reader (London: School of African and Oriental Studies, University of London, 1991), p. 41. Rahim’s doha typically use Hindu imagery, such as the worshipper’s yearning for Rama, one of the twenty-four divine incarnations of Vishnu.
30Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 424.
31Ibid., pp. 449, 456.
32Roe, Embassy, Volume 2 (1899), p. 469.
33Jahangir, The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India, ed. and trans. Wheeler M. Thackston (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 249.
34Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 426.
35Ibid., p. 491.
36Dudley Carleton, Letters from and to Sir Dudley Carleton, Knt: During His Embassy in Holland, from January 1615/6, to December 1620 (London, 1757), p. 214.
37Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 427.
38Ibid., p. 435.
39Ibid., p.452.
40‘Letter of Pieter Gillis van Ravesteyn to directors in Amsterdam, Surat, 12 March 1618’, in Heert Terpstra, De opkomst der Westerkwartieren van de Oost-Indische Compagnie: Surratte, Arabië, Perzië (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1918), pp. 217–21.
41‘Copy-letter of Pieter Gillis van Ravesteyn to Jan Pietersz. Coen, Surat, 22 February 1619’, in ibid., pp. 221–3.
42Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 454.
43Ibid., p. 454.
44Carleton, Letters (1757), p. 95.
45John Jourdain, Journal of John Jourdain 1608–1617, ed. William Foster (Cambridge: printed by John Clay for the Hakluyt Society, 1905), p. 171.
46The Voyage of Nicholas Downton to The East Indies 1614–15, ed. William Foster (London: printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1939), p. 152.
47Johan Mandelslo, Mandelslo’s Travels in Western India (A.D. 1638–9), ed. M. S. Commissariat (London: Oxford University Press, 1931), p. 26.
48Jahangir, The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India, ed. and trans. Wheeler M. Thackston (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 244.
49Edward Terry, A Voyage to East-India (London, 1655; Wing T782), p. 244.
50Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 474.
51Jahangirnama, pp. 264–5.
52Ibid., p. 264.
53Ibid., pp. 274, 280.
54Ibid., pp. 266, 269–70. When the cranes hatched in early September, he would keep an equally careful eye on their welfare, and noted the protectiveness of the male towards its young (p. 274).
55Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 455. Foster in English Factories has Biddulph’s letter reporting Hemsell’s death around 11 February (p. 21).
56Roe, Embassy (1926), pp. 470, 472.
57Foster, English Factories, p. 60.
58Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 475.
59Ibid., p. 478.
60Ibid., p. 480.
61Ibid., p. 481.
62Ibid.
63Ibid.
64Jahangirnama, pp. 274, 279.
20 London
1George Carew Totnes, ‘Savoy, this 18th of January 1616’, in Letters from George Lord Carew to Sir Thomas Roe, Ambassador to the Court of the Great Mogul 1615–1617, ed. John Maclean (London: printed for the Camden Society, 1860), p. 79.
2‘Letterbook 1615–20 of Capt. William Keeling describing the third voyage undertaken by the East India Co and referring to trade with the East Indies and Anglo-Dutch rivalry’, Canberra, National Archives of Australia, M1174–M1175, fol. 65r.
3BL, Harley MS 1576, fols 225–226 (fol. 225r).
4BL, Harley MS 1576, fol. 225v.
5William Foster, The English Factories in India, 1618–1621 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906), p. 50.
6BL, Harley MS 1576, fol. 225v.
7Thomas Roe, The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul, 1615–1619, Volume 2, ed. William Foster (London: printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1899), pp. 520–1.
8Susanna later married Sir Robert Rich sometime between 12 March 1625 and 20 January 1626. See Sean Kelsey, ‘Rich, Robert, Second Earl of Warwick (1587–1658), Colonial Promoter and Naval Officer’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).
9William Herbert, The History of the Twelve Great Livery Companies of London, Volume 2, 2 vols (London: Corporation of London, 1836), p. 402.
10TNA, SP14/105/fol. 103, and also in Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 3, 1617–1621, ed. W. Noel Sainsbury (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1870), pp. 135–46.
11A Third Collection of Scarce and Valuable Tracts, on the Most Interesting and Entertaining Subjects, Volume 1, 4 vols (London: printed for F. Cogan, 1751), p. 196.
12John Chamberlain, The Letters of John Chamberlain, Volume 2, ed. Norman Egbert McClure (Philadelphia, PA: The American Philosophical Society, 1939), p. 232.
13Ibid., p. 242.
14The most commonly available account of the trial is in David Jardine, Criminal Trials, Volume 1, 2 vols (London: Charles Knight, 1832), p. 499.
15John Milton, Paradise Lost, ed. Alastair Fowler, 2nd edn (Abingdon: Routledge, 2013), II, 707–11.
16‘Lorkin to Sir Thomas Puckering, 1 December 1618’, in Thomas Birch, The Court and Times of James I, Volume 2 (London: H. Colburn, 1849), p. 110.
17James Craigie, The Poems of James VI of Scotland, Volume 2 (Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons, 1958), p. 173.
18Edward Terry, A Voyage to East-India (London, 1655; Wing T782), p. 413.
19Jahangir, The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India, ed. and trans. Wheeler M. Thackston (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 283.
20Terry, Voyage, pp. 414–15.
21‘James 1 – Volume 105: January 1619’, in Calendar of State Papers Domestic: James I, 1619–23, ed. Mary Anne Everett Green (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1858), pp. 1–10.
22‘Copy-letter of Pieter Gillis van Ravesteyn to Jan Pietersz. Coen, Surat, 22 February 1619)’, in Heert Terpstra, De opkomst der Westerkwartieren van de Oost-Indische Compagnie: Surratte, Arabië, Perzië (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1918), pp. 222–3.
23Foster, English Factories, pp. 54, 75.
24Ibid., p. 79.
25Ibid., pp. 53, 59.
26Thomas Roe, The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to India (1615–19), ed. Sir William Foster (London: Oxford University Press, 1926), p. 476.
27Terry, Voyage, p. 202.
28Foster, English Factories, p. 75.
29Ibid.
30Roe, Embassy, Volume 2 (1899), p. 516.
31Ibid., p. 217.
32Terry, Voyage, p. 168.
33Foster, English Factories, p. 169
34Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 488.
35‘East Indies, China and Japan: October 1619’, in Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 3, 1617–1621, ed. W. Noel Sainsbury (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1870), pp. 299–313.
36‘To Sir Dudley Carleton [London, 11 September 1619], in The Letters of John Chamberlain, Volume 2, pp. 262–4 (p. 264).
37‘The Earl of Arundel to the Countess of Arundel [15 September 1619]’, in Mary F. S. Hervey, The Life Correspondence Collections of Thomas Howard Earl of Arundel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1921), pp. 162–3 (p. 163).
38‘To Sir Dudley Carleton [London, 2 October 1619]’, in The Letters of John Chamberlain, Volume 2, pp. 264–6 (p. 265).
39Thomas Roe, ‘Observations collected out of the Journall of Sir Thomas Roe, Knight, Lord Embassadour from His Majestie of Great Britaine, to the Great Mogol ’, in Purchas His Pilgrimes in Five Bookes, ed. Samuel Purchas (London, 1625; STC 20509), pp. 535–92 (p. 591).
40Roe, Embassy (1926), pp. 506–7.
41Ibid., pp. 449–50.
42‘To Sir Dudley Carleton [London, 2 October 1619]’, in The Letters of John Chamberlain, Volume 2, pp. 264–6 (p. 265).
43Roe, Embassy, Volume 2 (1899), p. 522.
44Ibid.
45‘East Indies, China and Japan: October 1619’, in Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 3, pp. 299–313.
46Foster, English Factories, p. 167.
47Roe, Embassy, Volume 2 (1899), pp. 522–3.
48Ibid., p. 523.
49Ibid., p. 524.
50Ibid., p. 523.
51Ibid., p. 526.
52Ibid., p. 524.
53Ibid., pp. 527–8.
54Ibid., p. 528.
55Ibid., p. 530.
56Ibid.
57Ibid.
58‘Will of Dame Elianor Rowe, Widow of Woodford, Essex’, TNA, PROB 11/349/260; extracts from Thomas Roe’s will are in The Antiquarian Repertory: A Miscellaneous Assemblage of Topography, History, Biography, Customs, and Manners, Volume 1, ed. Francis Grose and Edward Jeffery, 4 vols (printed and published for E. Jeffery, 1807), p. 140.
59The negotiations of Sir Thomas Roe: in his embassy to the Ottoman porte, from the year 1621 to 1628 inclusive, ed. Samuel Richardson (London, 1740), p. 39.
60Ibid., p. 826.
61‘East Indies, China and Japan: July 1619’, in Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 3, pp. 282–7.
62Thomas Mun, A discourse of trade, from England unto the East-Indies (London, 1621; STC 18255), p. 36.
38Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 373.
39Ibid., p. 379.
40Ibid.
41‘A letter [from Sir Thomas Roe] to His Majesty’s Ambassador resident at the Court of the Grand Signor in Constantinople, dated the 21st of August 1617’, in William Foster, Letters Received by the East India Company from Its Servants in the East, Volume 6: 1617 (London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company, 1902), pp. 298–301 (p. 298).
42Jahangirnama, p. 228.
43Ibid., p. 232.
44‘ “To Nicholas Bangham at Burhanpur”, Roe from Mandu, 3 October 1617’, BL, Add MS 6115, fol. 266.
45Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 393.
46Ibid., p. 389.
47Ibid., p. 391.
48Ibid., p. 188.
49Ibid., p. 108.
50Ibid., p. 150.
51Ibid., p. 245.
52Ibid., p. 395.
53Ibid.
54Ibid., p. 400.
55Ibid.
56Ibid., p. 401.
57‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat, 1 October 1617’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 136–7 (p. 137).
58Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 402.
18 Triumph of Honour and Industry
1‘Orazio Busino’s Eyewitness Account of The Triumphs of Honour and Industry’, in Thomas Middleton: The Collected Works, ed. John Lavagnino et al., trans. Kate D. Levin (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2010), pp. 1264–70 (p. 1266).
2‘The Triumph of Works’, in ibid., pp. 1,253–63 (p. 1256).
3‘Orazio Busino’s Eyewitness Account’, in ibid., pp. 1264–70 (p. 1268).
4Ibid.
5Ibid., p. 1264.
6‘Triumph of Works’, in ibid., pp. 1256–7.
7‘Orazio Busino’, in ibid., p. 1267.
8See Lauren Working, The Making of an Imperial Polity: Civility and America in the Jacobean Metropolis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020), especially ‘Tobacco, Consumption, and Imperial Intent’, pp. 131–59.
9John Keay, The Honourable Company: A History of the English East India Company (London: Harper Collins, 1991), pp. 113–14.
10‘James […] to our trustye and wellbeloved Subject and Servant Benjamyn Joseph and to our trustye & wellbeloved subjecte, Henry Popwell of London’, in The Register of Letters &c of the Governour and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies, 1600–1619, ed. George Christopher Molesworth Birdwood and William Foster (London: Bernard Quaritch, 1893), pp. 463–87 (p. 466).
11Thomas Roe, The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul, 1615–1619, Volume 2, ed. William Foster (London: printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1899), p. 418.
12‘To Sir Dudley Carleton [London, January 31, 1618]’, in John Chamberlain, The Letters of John Chamberlain, Volume 2, ed. Norman Egbert McClure (Philadelphia, PA: The American Philosophical Society, 1939), pp. 133–5 (p. 135).
13Rupali Mishra, A Business of State: Commerce, Politics, and the Birth of the East India Company (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018), pp. 164–6.
14‘John More to Sir Ralph Winwood at the Hague, 15 Dec 1610’, in Memorials of Affairs of State in the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James 1, Volume 3, ed. Edmund Sawyer (London, 1725), pp. 239–40 (p. 239).
15Thomas Roe, The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to India (1615–19), ed. Sir William Foster (London: Oxford University Press, 1926), p. 132.
16Roe, Embassy, Volume 2 (1899), p. 445–6.
17Ibid., p. 481.
18Ibid., p. 451.
19Mishra, Business of State, pp. 180–90.
20Roe, Embassy, Volume 2 (1899), p. 438.
21Ibid., p. 437.
22George Carew Totnes, Letters from George Lord Carew to Sir Thomas Roe, Ambassador to the Court of the Great Mogul 1615–1617, ed. John Maclean (London: printed for the Camden Society, 1860), p. 77.
23‘In the Port of Swally. A Consultation held aboard the James Royal the second of October, anno 1617’, in Letters Received by the East India Company from Its Servants in the East, Volume 6: 1617, July to December, ed. William Foster (London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company, 1902), pp. 95–8 (p. 95).
24Ibid., pp. 96–7.
25‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge and the other Factors at Surat. Mandoa, October 11, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 116–24 (p. 118).
26‘Joseph Salbank to the East India Company. Agra, this 22nd of November, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 182–203 (pp. 198–9).
27‘Sir Thomas Roe to the Factors at Agra. Mandoa, 6th October, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 105–7 (p. 105).
28‘Sir Thomas Roe to the Factors at Surat. Leskar, six course from Mandoa, 8th November, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 145–51 (pp. 145, 150).
29‘Sir Thomas Roe to Captain Martin Pring. Leskar, six course from Mandoa, 8th November, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 151–6 (p. 154).
30‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. Mandoa, October 21, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 127–36 (p. 127).
31‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. The Woods, thirty course short of Amad[avaz], December 6, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 213–25 (p. 224).
32‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. Amadavaz, 18th December, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 227–32 (p. 227).
33‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. Six course off Mandoa, 3rd November, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 140–3 (p. 143).
34Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 405.
35‘Sir Thomas Roe to the Factors at Surat. Leskar, six course from Mandoa, 8th November, 1617’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 145–51 (p. 149).
36Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 405.
37‘Nathaniel Salmon, master of the New Year’s Gift, to the East India Company’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 290–2 (p. 291).
38‘Edward Monox to the East India Company. Copy of my letter the 28th December, 1617, in Jasques’, in ibid., pp. 269–87 (p. 277).
39Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 442.
40‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. Six course off Mandoa, 3rd November, 1617’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 140–3 (p. 142). See also ‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge and the other Factors at Surat. Mandoa, October 11, 1617’, ibid., pp. 116–24 (p. 121).
41‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. Six course off Mandoa, 3rd November, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 140–3 (p. 141).
42‘Sir Thomas Roe to the Factors at Surat. Leskar, six course from Mandoa, 8th November, 1617’, in ibid., pp. 145–51 (p. 150).
43Ibid.
44Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 419.
45Ibid., p. 449.
46‘Edward Monox to the East India Company […] 28th December 1617, in Jasques’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 269–87 (p. 276).
47Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 420.
48Ibid., pp. 420–1.
49Ibid., p. 421.
50R. E. Pritchard, Odd Tom Coryate: The English Marco Polo (Stroud: The History Press, 2004), p. 252.
51Ibid., p. 255.
52Edward Terry, A Voyage to East-India (London, 1655; Wing T782), p. 73.
53Pritchard, Odd Tom Coryate, p. 257.
54Terry, Voyage, p. 74.
55Ibid., p. 76.
56Ibid., p. 71.
57Ibid., p. 77.
19 Full Resolution
1T. C. A. Raghavan, Attendant Lords: Bairam Khan and Abdur Rahim, Courtiers and Poets in Mughal India, 1st edition (Noida: Harper Collins Publishers India, 2017), p. 242.
2‘Of the Travels of divers English-men in the Mogols Dominions’, in Purchas His Pilgrimage, ed. Samuel Purchas (London, 1625–26; STC 20508.5), pp. 529–34 (p. 534).
3Ibid.
4Ibid.
5Thomas Roe, The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to India (1615–19), ed. Sir William Foster (London: Oxford University Press, 1926), p. 448.
6Ibid., pp. 398–9.
7Ibid., p. 455.
8Ibid., p. 446.
9Ibid., p. 427.
10Ibid., p. 455.
11Ibid.
12Ibid., p. 469.
13Ibid., p. 427.
14Purchas His Pilgrimage (1626; STC 20508.5), p. 534.
15Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 455.
16‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surrat. Amafavaz, 18 December, 1617’, in Letters Received by the East India Company from Its Servants in the East, Volume 6: 1617, July to December, ed. William Foster (London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company, 1902), pp. 227–32 (p. 232).
17‘Sir Thomas Roe to Thomas Kerridge at Surat. Six course off Mandoa, 3rd November, 1617’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 140–3 (p. 143).
18Ibid., p. 423.
19William Foster, The English Factories in India, 1618–1621 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906), p. 25.
20‘Sir Thomas Roe to the Factors at Surat. Leskar, six course from Mandoa, 8th November, 1617’, in Letters Received, Volume 6, pp. 145–51 (p. 149).
21Foster, English Factories, p. 32.
22Thomas Roe, The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul, 1615–1619, Volume 2, ed. William Foster (London: printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1899), p. 491.
23Foster, English Factories, p. 33.
24Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 468.
25Foster, English Factories, p. 20.
26TNA, IOR/E/3/5, fol. 260.
27Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 448.
28Ibid., p. 466.
29Rupert Snell, The Hindi Classical Tradition: A Braj Bhāṣā Reader (London: School of African and Oriental Studies, University of London, 1991), p. 41. Rahim’s doha typically use Hindu imagery, such as the worshipper’s yearning for Rama, one of the twenty-four divine incarnations of Vishnu.
30Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 424.
31Ibid., pp. 449, 456.
32Roe, Embassy, Volume 2 (1899), p. 469.
33Jahangir, The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India, ed. and trans. Wheeler M. Thackston (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 249.
34Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 426.
35Ibid., p. 491.
36Dudley Carleton, Letters from and to Sir Dudley Carleton, Knt: During His Embassy in Holland, from January 1615/6, to December 1620 (London, 1757), p. 214.
37Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 427.
38Ibid., p. 435.
39Ibid., p.452.
40‘Letter of Pieter Gillis van Ravesteyn to directors in Amsterdam, Surat, 12 March 1618’, in Heert Terpstra, De opkomst der Westerkwartieren van de Oost-Indische Compagnie: Surratte, Arabië, Perzië (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1918), pp. 217–21.
41‘Copy-letter of Pieter Gillis van Ravesteyn to Jan Pietersz. Coen, Surat, 22 February 1619’, in ibid., pp. 221–3.
42Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 454.
43Ibid., p. 454.
44Carleton, Letters (1757), p. 95.
45John Jourdain, Journal of John Jourdain 1608–1617, ed. William Foster (Cambridge: printed by John Clay for the Hakluyt Society, 1905), p. 171.
46The Voyage of Nicholas Downton to The East Indies 1614–15, ed. William Foster (London: printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1939), p. 152.
47Johan Mandelslo, Mandelslo’s Travels in Western India (A.D. 1638–9), ed. M. S. Commissariat (London: Oxford University Press, 1931), p. 26.
48Jahangir, The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India, ed. and trans. Wheeler M. Thackston (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 244.
49Edward Terry, A Voyage to East-India (London, 1655; Wing T782), p. 244.
50Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 474.
51Jahangirnama, pp. 264–5.
52Ibid., p. 264.
53Ibid., pp. 274, 280.
54Ibid., pp. 266, 269–70. When the cranes hatched in early September, he would keep an equally careful eye on their welfare, and noted the protectiveness of the male towards its young (p. 274).
55Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 455. Foster in English Factories has Biddulph’s letter reporting Hemsell’s death around 11 February (p. 21).
56Roe, Embassy (1926), pp. 470, 472.
57Foster, English Factories, p. 60.
58Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 475.
59Ibid., p. 478.
60Ibid., p. 480.
61Ibid., p. 481.
62Ibid.
63Ibid.
64Jahangirnama, pp. 274, 279.
20 London
1George Carew Totnes, ‘Savoy, this 18th of January 1616’, in Letters from George Lord Carew to Sir Thomas Roe, Ambassador to the Court of the Great Mogul 1615–1617, ed. John Maclean (London: printed for the Camden Society, 1860), p. 79.
2‘Letterbook 1615–20 of Capt. William Keeling describing the third voyage undertaken by the East India Co and referring to trade with the East Indies and Anglo-Dutch rivalry’, Canberra, National Archives of Australia, M1174–M1175, fol. 65r.
3BL, Harley MS 1576, fols 225–226 (fol. 225r).
4BL, Harley MS 1576, fol. 225v.
5William Foster, The English Factories in India, 1618–1621 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906), p. 50.
6BL, Harley MS 1576, fol. 225v.
7Thomas Roe, The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul, 1615–1619, Volume 2, ed. William Foster (London: printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1899), pp. 520–1.
8Susanna later married Sir Robert Rich sometime between 12 March 1625 and 20 January 1626. See Sean Kelsey, ‘Rich, Robert, Second Earl of Warwick (1587–1658), Colonial Promoter and Naval Officer’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).
9William Herbert, The History of the Twelve Great Livery Companies of London, Volume 2, 2 vols (London: Corporation of London, 1836), p. 402.
10TNA, SP14/105/fol. 103, and also in Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 3, 1617–1621, ed. W. Noel Sainsbury (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1870), pp. 135–46.
11A Third Collection of Scarce and Valuable Tracts, on the Most Interesting and Entertaining Subjects, Volume 1, 4 vols (London: printed for F. Cogan, 1751), p. 196.
12John Chamberlain, The Letters of John Chamberlain, Volume 2, ed. Norman Egbert McClure (Philadelphia, PA: The American Philosophical Society, 1939), p. 232.
13Ibid., p. 242.
14The most commonly available account of the trial is in David Jardine, Criminal Trials, Volume 1, 2 vols (London: Charles Knight, 1832), p. 499.
15John Milton, Paradise Lost, ed. Alastair Fowler, 2nd edn (Abingdon: Routledge, 2013), II, 707–11.
16‘Lorkin to Sir Thomas Puckering, 1 December 1618’, in Thomas Birch, The Court and Times of James I, Volume 2 (London: H. Colburn, 1849), p. 110.
17James Craigie, The Poems of James VI of Scotland, Volume 2 (Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons, 1958), p. 173.
18Edward Terry, A Voyage to East-India (London, 1655; Wing T782), p. 413.
19Jahangir, The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India, ed. and trans. Wheeler M. Thackston (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 283.
20Terry, Voyage, pp. 414–15.
21‘James 1 – Volume 105: January 1619’, in Calendar of State Papers Domestic: James I, 1619–23, ed. Mary Anne Everett Green (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1858), pp. 1–10.
22‘Copy-letter of Pieter Gillis van Ravesteyn to Jan Pietersz. Coen, Surat, 22 February 1619)’, in Heert Terpstra, De opkomst der Westerkwartieren van de Oost-Indische Compagnie: Surratte, Arabië, Perzië (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1918), pp. 222–3.
23Foster, English Factories, pp. 54, 75.
24Ibid., p. 79.
25Ibid., pp. 53, 59.
26Thomas Roe, The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to India (1615–19), ed. Sir William Foster (London: Oxford University Press, 1926), p. 476.
27Terry, Voyage, p. 202.
28Foster, English Factories, p. 75.
29Ibid.
30Roe, Embassy, Volume 2 (1899), p. 516.
31Ibid., p. 217.
32Terry, Voyage, p. 168.
33Foster, English Factories, p. 169
34Roe, Embassy (1926), p. 488.
35‘East Indies, China and Japan: October 1619’, in Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 3, 1617–1621, ed. W. Noel Sainsbury (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1870), pp. 299–313.
36‘To Sir Dudley Carleton [London, 11 September 1619], in The Letters of John Chamberlain, Volume 2, pp. 262–4 (p. 264).
37‘The Earl of Arundel to the Countess of Arundel [15 September 1619]’, in Mary F. S. Hervey, The Life Correspondence Collections of Thomas Howard Earl of Arundel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1921), pp. 162–3 (p. 163).
38‘To Sir Dudley Carleton [London, 2 October 1619]’, in The Letters of John Chamberlain, Volume 2, pp. 264–6 (p. 265).
39Thomas Roe, ‘Observations collected out of the Journall of Sir Thomas Roe, Knight, Lord Embassadour from His Majestie of Great Britaine, to the Great Mogol ’, in Purchas His Pilgrimes in Five Bookes, ed. Samuel Purchas (London, 1625; STC 20509), pp. 535–92 (p. 591).
40Roe, Embassy (1926), pp. 506–7.
41Ibid., pp. 449–50.
42‘To Sir Dudley Carleton [London, 2 October 1619]’, in The Letters of John Chamberlain, Volume 2, pp. 264–6 (p. 265).
43Roe, Embassy, Volume 2 (1899), p. 522.
44Ibid.
45‘East Indies, China and Japan: October 1619’, in Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 3, pp. 299–313.
46Foster, English Factories, p. 167.
47Roe, Embassy, Volume 2 (1899), pp. 522–3.
48Ibid., p. 523.
49Ibid., p. 524.
50Ibid., p. 523.
51Ibid., p. 526.
52Ibid., p. 524.
53Ibid., pp. 527–8.
54Ibid., p. 528.
55Ibid., p. 530.
56Ibid.
57Ibid.
58‘Will of Dame Elianor Rowe, Widow of Woodford, Essex’, TNA, PROB 11/349/260; extracts from Thomas Roe’s will are in The Antiquarian Repertory: A Miscellaneous Assemblage of Topography, History, Biography, Customs, and Manners, Volume 1, ed. Francis Grose and Edward Jeffery, 4 vols (printed and published for E. Jeffery, 1807), p. 140.
59The negotiations of Sir Thomas Roe: in his embassy to the Ottoman porte, from the year 1621 to 1628 inclusive, ed. Samuel Richardson (London, 1740), p. 39.
60Ibid., p. 826.
61‘East Indies, China and Japan: July 1619’, in Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 3, pp. 282–7.
62Thomas Mun, A discourse of trade, from England unto the East-Indies (London, 1621; STC 18255), p. 36.
