Of Fear and Strangers, page 39
aborigines, Australian, 307
Academy of Inscriptions and Literature, French, 12, 278
Achebe, Chinua, 76
Acheson, Dean, 322
Action, 202
Adler, Alfred, 183, 211, 218
inferiority complex and, 211, 218
Adler, Felix, 102–3, 104, 105, 107
Ethical Culture and, 102, 105–6, 296–97
Adolescence (Hall), 134
Adonis, 229
Adorno, Theodor, 186–93, 188, 211, 231, 242, 268
Authoritarian Personality, The (Adorno et al.), 190–93, 311–12
Dialectic of Enlightenment (Adorno and Horkheimer), 189, 311
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The (Twain), 72
Aeschylus, 8
African Americans, 95, 123, 144–45, 149, 156, 164, 213, 231
as depicted in Hollywood, 157–59, 168
in Jim Crow south, 142
lynching of, 96
racism against, xviii
stereotypes of, 166, 168
see also slavery, enslaved people, in U.S.
African Holocaust, 80–81
Agee, James, 172–74, 173
agoraphobia, 40
AJC (American Jewish Committee), 189–90
Alexander, Franz, 190
Alexander II, Czar of Russia, 88
Alexander the Great, 9
Alexievich, Svetlana, 253
Algeria, 206, 211
Alien Immigrant, The (Evans-Gordon), 88–89
alienists, 39–40
Aliens Act, British (1905), 89
Aliens Restriction Act, British (1914), 89
Allport, Gordon, 174, 233, 244
Almayer’s Folly (Conrad), 73
al-Qaeda, 260
Alternative for Germany, 258
Althusser, Louis, 221
Ambivalent character type, 190
Ament, Reverend, 72
American Anti-Imperialist League, 72
American Board of Foreign Missions, 72
American Jewish Committee (AJC), 189–90
American Journal of Sociology, 164
American Museum of Natural History, 104–5
American Nervousness (Beard), 131
American Psychiatric Association, 130
American Revolution, 38, 41
American University of Beirut, xvii
American Youth Commission, 143
Ames, Daniel, 233
Ammons, A. R., 264
Amsterdam News, 307
“Amy Foster” (Conrad), 72
Anarchists, 90, 202, 293
Andropov, Yuri, 252
Anglican Church, 32
Anglophobia, 42–43, 283
Anna Karenina (Tolstoy), 71
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 161
Anthropological Society, Oxford University, 181
anthropology, 170, 220
colonial, 181
anthroposociology, 100
anti-Semitism, xiii, xiv, 106, 111, 156, 185, 190, 207, 253, 308, 389–91
in Austro-Hungarian Empire, 177
in England, 88–89, 90–91, 98
ethnocentrism correlated with, 191
in France, 91–94, 98, 227
in Germany, 111, 112, 115–18, 118, 121, 124, 162
and Judeophobia, 43, 284
see also Holocaust; Judaism, Jews; Nazis, Nazism
anxiety, 39, 40
biology of, 232–33
Other, 239–41, 242
see also stranger anxiety
apartheid, in South Africa, 248
Arabs, as post-9/11 unifying Other, 260
Arendt, Hannah, 116, 212, 237, 268
Argentina, 62
Aristotle, 8–9, 11, 23, 28, 280
natural slavery and, 23, 28
Armenian genocide, 109, 121, 148, 301
Aron, Raymond, 196, 197, 214, 220
Arouet, François-Marie, see Voltaire
artificial intelligence, 263
assimilation, xviii, 66, 98, 265, 306
in ancient Rome, 13
Jews and, 89, 207
large migrations and, 109
United States and, 94, 100
associationism, 135
Asturias, 19
Atatürk (Mustafa Kemal Atatürk), 256
Athenaeum, 11, 14, 15, 88
Atlantic, 108, 154
atomic bombing of Japan, 119, 124, 130
Attucks, Crispus, 168
Aud, The (steamer), 81
Augustus, Emperor of Rome, 11
Aunt Jemima (char.), 159, 166, 167
Aurore, L’, 92
Auschwitz, 119, 123, 129
Austria:
migrant crisis in, 257–58
post-2008 rise of nationalism in, 257, 262
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 109, 111
anti-Semitism in, 177
Authoritarian Personality, 190, 191–94, 312
Authoritarian Personality, The (Adorno et al.), 190, 191, 193
Axis Rule of Occupied Europe (Lemkin), 122
Azan, Paul, 93–94
Aztec kingdom, Aztecs, 23, 29–30, 33, 34, 134, 238, 280
Bacon, Francis, 225
Baden-Powell, Robert, 82
Baffin Island, 104
Baldwin, James, xiii, 141, 145, 149
Balfour, Arthur James, 78, 89
Bantu people, 83
Banyuls-sur-Mer, 267–68
Baranowski, Shelley, 299
barbarians, 9, 10,12, 23, 24, 32, 54
ancient Greece and, 9-10, 277
barbarism, 36
Barraqué, Jacques, 221
Basques, 19
Bataan (film), 172
Baucis and Philemon (chars.), 7
Beard, George, 131
Bear Stearns, failure of, 261
Beauvoir, Georges de, 213
Beauvoir, Simone de, 196, 204, 206, 209, 213–15, 215, 220, 232, 235, 247
phenomenology and, 204, 217
Sartre’s relationship with, 196–98, 199, 203, 214
on women as disempowered Other, 216–19, 314–15
behavioral psychology, 134–39, 154, 236
conditioning and habituation in, 137–38, 140, 149, 240, 242
and Little Albert experiment on fear, 136–37, 137, 149, 156
Native Son and, 140–46
Watson and, 136–39
xenophobia and, 139–40, 147, 149, 175
Being, Sartre on, 199–201
see also existentialism
Being and Nothingness (Sartre), 199–200, 202–3, 206, 216
Being and Time (Heidegger), 198
Beirut, xxi
author’s childhood trip to, xix–xx
in Lebanese civil war, xxi–xii
Bel-Ami (Maupassant), 65, 76
Belgium, 31, 52, 62
Congo annexed from Leopold II by, 80
see also Congo Free State
Bellew, John (char.), 149
Benedict, Ruth, 169, 170
Benjamin, Walter, 160, 186, 268–70
Benveniste, Émile, 276
Berg, Alban, 186
Berlin Congo Conference (1885), 52–53
Berlin Wall, falling of, 250, 253
Bernays, Edward, 157
Berne Convention (1886), 51
Bernheim, Hippolyte, 182
Betrayal from the East (film), 172
Bible, 6, 9
see also specific Books
“Big Boy Leaves Home” (Wright), 146
Bigger Thomas (char.), 141–42, 144–45, 146, 149, 218
Big Swords secret society, 55, 56
bin Laden, Osama, 260
biology, 66, 104, 232
evolutionary, 4
Bion, Wilfred, 234–35, 319
Birth of a Nation, The (film), 157, 158, 159, 168
Bismarck, Otto von, 101, 111
Black Hundreds, 110
Black Legend and Spain, 31, 33, 118, 279
Black Skin, White Masks (Fanon), 211
Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 73, 74, 82, 290
Bleuler, Eugen, 183
Blood of Others, The (Beauvoir), 216
Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, 65
Boas, Franz, 104–6, 105, 107–8, 169–70, 231, 275
racial science and, 106
Boers, 83, 84
Bogardus, Emory, 147–49, 161, 306
Bohemia, 31
Bosnia-Herzegovina, 254
Bowlby, John, 185
Boxer Uprising, 51, 53–54, 55–58, 57, 61–63, 65, 70–71, 97, 130, 231, 265, 287
brainwashing, 140
Brandeis, Louis, 152
Brave New World (Huxley), 139–40
Brazil, 62
Brecht, Bertolt, 167
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918), 112
Brexit, xi, xiv, 247, 249, 257
Brezhnev, Leonid, 252
British Brothers’ League, 88, 89, 93, 94, 130
Brotherhood of Man, The (film), 171–72
Buffon, Comte de, 65
Bulgaria, 252, 256
Bush, George H. W., 258
Bush, George W., 260
Butler, Judith, 235
Cabeza de Vaca, Álvar Núñez, 36
Caesar, Julius, 11
Cahan, Abraham, 167
California, anti-Chinese laws in, 95
Calvinists, 32, 282
Cambodia, 248
Cambridge University, 176
Cameron, David, 257
Camus, Albert, 196, 208, 219, 264, 314
absurdist existentialism of, 204–5
Nobel Prize of, 206
Sartre and, 204, 220
The Stranger, 204–6, 314
Cannon, Walter B., 132, 302
capitalism, 191, 249, 251, 253, 258, 259, 260–61, 322
Capra, Frank, 168
Carter, Jimmy, 248
Casement, Roger, 77–81, 85, 86, 99
Congo atrocities report of, 78, 79, 81
Conrad and, 77, 78, 80, 81, 86, 90, 150, 231, 290, 293
castration anxiety, 218
Castro, Fidel, 220
Catalans, 19
Cathars, 20
Catholics, Catholicism, 43, 53, 55, 202, 254, 279
in Germany, 111, 112–13
and imperial expansion, 33–34, 37
and just war, 26
in Spain, 19–22, 36
see also Christians, Christianity
Census Bureau, U.S., 260, 324
Cervantes, Miguel de, 20
Césaire, Aimé, 209, 294
Chamber of Deputies, French, 92
Charles V, King of Spain, 26, 281
Chase, George, 14
Chernenko, Konstantin, 252
Chicago, University of, 136, 147
Child, The: His Nature and His Needs, 139
childhood fears, 132–33
Child Hygiene and Mental Hygiene movements, 139
China, 248
Catholic mission work in, 54
Cultural Revolution in, 220
German invasion of, 55, 71–72
Great Wall in, 55
Qing dynasty in, 55
Western expansion into, 50–51, 56, 62, 71, 85
“xénophobe” movement in, 49, 288; see also Boxer Uprising
Chinese-Americans, discrimination against, 95, 98
Chinese Exclusion Act, U.S. (1882), 95
Christians, Christianity, 18, 18, 156, 240, 259
conversos, 20–21, 279
missionary work in Japan of, 54–55
Muslim converts to, 20
and Thirty Years’ War, 31
see also Catholics, Catholicism; Protestantism, Protestants
Chu, Chao-Hsin, 287
Churchill, Winston, 119
Cicero, 11, 12
Civilization and Its Discontents (Freud), 179, 183
Civilizing Process, The (Elias), 246
civil war, Lebanese, xx–xxii
Civil War, Spanish, 267
Civil War, U.S., 96
Cixi, Dowager Empress of China, 55, 56
Clansman, The (Dixon), 157
Clark University, 104
class, 191, 195, 207
middle, xvii, 162, 261
ruling, 90
stereotypes and, 162, 164, 166
working, 88, 163, 190
xenophobia and, xiii, 88, 90, 191
class conflict, 259, 312
Classical Weekly, 14
classless society, 90, 207, 219, 220, 224, 248
xenophobia and, 248
see also Marxists, Marxism
claustrophobia, 40
Clemenceau, Georges, 49, 92–93
climate change, as global issue, 263
Clinton, Bill, 259, 261
cognitive science, 239
Cold War, 246–47, 248, 322, 260
rise in xenophobia following, 250–55, 258–59, 262
Collège de France, 43, 91, 224
College of Preceptors, London, 286
colonial anthropology, 181
colonialism, see imperialism, Western
Colonial Party, French, 292
Colonizer and the Colonized, The (Memmi), 244
Columbia University, 102, 105, 187
Columbus, Christopher, 22, 25, 36
Columbus, Diego, 24–25
Commission of Inquiry on the Congo, 78
communism, communists, 112, 185
xenophobia and, 248–49
Communist Party, Chinese, 287
Communist Party, French, 220, 221, 223
Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 10–11
concentration camps, 118, 119, 232
conditioned reflex, 135
Confidence-Man, The (Melville), 239
Congo Free State, genocide in, xiv, 77–80, 79, 81, 82, 86, 118, 164
Congo Reform Association, 80, 164
Congo Slave State, The (Morel), 80
Congress, U.S., 108
immigration laws passed by, 157
League of Nations rejected by, 109
conquistadors, 24, 29, 31
Conrad, Joseph, 72–73
Casement and, 77, 78, 80, 81, 86, 90, 150, 231, 290, 293
Heart of Darkness, 73-78, 80, 285
notion of xenophobia upended by, 75–76
racism of, 76–77
Conservative Party, British, 88
Conservative Party, German, 292
Constitution, U.S., 37
Constitutionnel, Le, 49, 58
conversos, 20–21, 279
Copenhagen Congress (1910), 94
Corinthians, Letters to, 9–10, 36
Cortés, Hernán, 23, 25, 29, 33, 35, 238, 280
Counter-Enlightenment, 41, 114–15
covert xenophobia, 239, 243–44, 319
institutional bias and, 226, 244
crimes against humanity, 121, 123, 254
see also genocide
Croatia, 254, 256
Cromwell, Oliver, 32
Cullen, Countee, 167
cultural anthropology, 169
culture, 235, 259, 264, 306–7
adaptability of, 4, 246, 265
of ancient Rome, 12–13, 15
authoritarian, 192–94
Boas on, 104, 106, 169–70
and European expansion, 53, 59, 66, 72, 116, 123
globalization and, 119, 165–66, 246
Herder and the protection of, 41, 114–15
hybrid, 165–66
immigrants and perceived threat to, 109, 249, 256–57, 262
Lévi-Strauss on, 218
Locke on, 33
and national identity, 41–42
preservation of, arguments on the, 238, 243
stereotypes in, 155–56, 160, 167, 170
Culver, Helen, 147
Cunningham, Graham, 78–79
cyber-warfare, 263
Cyclopes, 6, 7, 8
Czechoslovakia, 252, 255
Czech Republic, 255
Daily News (London), 45
Daily Worker, 145
Dalton, Mary (char.), 141–42, 145, 146
Darkness at Noon (Koestler), 140
Darwin, Charles, 4
Davenport, Charles, 100
Death-Agony of the “Science” of Race, The (Finot), 106
Declaration of Independence, U.S., 35, 169
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 35, 70, 93
“Defence of Prejudice, A” (Hibben), 162
degenerative heredity theories, 66, 101, 131, 177
Delay, Jean, 221
deliriums of doubt, 39
Deloria, Ella, 170
democracy, 154, 240 263
liberal, 248, 259
in post–Cold War Europe, 255
in post–Cold War U.S., 258–59
xenophobia and, 96
Democratic Party, U.S., 259
Democratic Personality, 194, 312
Denmark, 255
Descartes, René, 197
“Desert” (Adonis), 229
Dewey, John, 103
Dialectic of Enlightenment (Adorno and Horkheimer), 189
Diamond, Jared, 4
Díaz, Bernal, 29
Dickinson, John, 37
Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 283
Diderot, Denis, 33–35, 36, 240
digital technology, 263
Diocletian, Emperor of Rome, 11
discrimination, xiv, 102, 124, 209, 243
Jim Crow, 168
Sartre on, 207
science used to justify, 100; see also racial science
structural, 244
xenophobic, 191, 243–44
Disraeli, Benjamin, 88
Dixon, Thomas, 166
Domination and Colonization (Harmand), 93
Don Quixote (Cervantes), 20, 279
Don’t Be a Sucker (film), 172
Doomsday Clock, 125
Douglass, Frederick, 46, 95–96
on Negrophobia, 211, 295
Dreyfus, Alfred, 91–92, 93
Dreyfus affair, 91–92, 131
“Drowning Eye, The” (Fanon), 209
Drumont, Edouard, 91
Du Bois, W. E. B., 96, 107, 108, 110, 166, 231, 297, 301
double consciousness and, 166, 231
Durán, Diego, 23
Durkheim, Emile, 103
Easter Uprising, 81
East India Company, British, 82, 151
École coloniale, 54
École Normale Supérieure, 12, 196, 218, 221, 310
economic crash of 2008, xiv, 249, 256, 260–62
rise in anti-globalization nationalism following, 256–57
economic exploitation, 66, 83–84, 90, 249
of Blacks in U.S., 95, 140
see also imperialism, Western
economy, economics, 83, 139, 208, 225, 243
of EU, 255–56, 258
global integration of, xiv, 119
Marxist, see Marxists, Marxism
migrants and refugees in, 109, 262
patriarchal authority and, 187
Soviet, 251, 253, 259, 260
trickle-down, 259
xenophobia and, 238, 249–50
see also capitalism
Edict of Expulsion, Spanish (1492), 20
education, behaviorism and, 139
