Wolfish, page 42
“The [Rogue] pack might want to keep”: Editorial, “Peaks: OR-7 Leads a Pack; Plus, a Tix Redux,” Oregonian, Jan. 10, 2015, NewsBank: America’s News—Historical and Current.
“killing-spree wolf”: Mark Freeman, “Ashland Livestock Predation: Killing-Spree Wolf Shot Dead,” Mail Tribune (Medford), Oct. 12, 2017, https://www.mailtribune.com/archive/2017/10/11/wolf-blamed-for-killing-ashland-goats-shot-dead/.
“In good-enough circumstances”: Jonathan Lear, Freud (Oxfordshire: Taylor & Francis, 2015), 41.
For details about escape: Matthew Weaver and Caroline Davies, “Escaped Wolf Was Deliberately Set Free, Sanctuary Claims,” The Guardian, Jan. 18, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/18/wolf-recaptured-after-five-hours-freedom-when-fence-blew-down.
“desolate, stark”: Lee, “The ‘Average Boy’ Convicted of Savage,” 6.
“As I approach retirement”: John Herring, “Wolf Trust Will Close Its Doors to the Public at End of August,” Newbury Today, May 9, 2018, https://www.newburytoday.co.uk/news/wolf-trust-will-close-its-doors-to-the-public-at-end-of-august-9183675/.
6. Self v. Wolf
“If there was a crazy man”: Howard Axelrod, The Point of Vanishing: A Memoir of Two Years in Solitude (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015), 4.
“appear terrible to their enemies”: Charles Darwin, excerpt from The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1886). Reprinted in Lapham’s Quarterly: Fear, 49–50.
“If I knew to be cautious of men”: Tressie McMillan Cottom, Thick: And Other Essays (New York: The New Press, 2019).
“doesn’t inoculate her from illness”: Claudia Rankine, Just Us (Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2020), 189.
“How do you protect the thing”: Shannon Gibney, “Fear of a Black Mother,” in A Good Time for the Truth: Race in Minnesota, ed. Sun Yung Shin (St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2016).
Police report of wolf shooting: Marcus McDowell, Oregon State Police: Union County, Incident: SP17393843, Oct. 27, 2017.
“We have to decide what counts”: Julia Dahl, “The Trayvon Martin Case Exposes the Realities of a New Generation of Self-Defense Laws,” CBS News, July 12, 2013, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-trayvon-martin-case-exposes-the-realities-of-a-new-generation-of-self-defense-laws/.
“Too many wolves have been found”: “Oregon Governor Confident with Wolf-Killing Investigation,” Associated Press State Wire: Oregon, Jan. 3, 2018.
Norse term for werewolf: Matthew Beresford, The White Devil: The Werewolf in European Culture (London: Reaktion Books, 2013), 11.
For more on wolf killing and eating: L. David Mech and Luigi Boitani, eds., Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), 112, 145; David Moskowitz, Wolves in the Land of Salmon (Portland, OR: Timber Press, 2013), 116; Douglas Smith and Gary Ferguson, Decade of the Wolf: Returning the Wild to Yellowstone (Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2012), 71.
“wolf does only what it must”: Johan Olafsson Turi, edited and translated into Danish by Emilie Demant Hatt and English by Elizabeth Gee Nash, Turi’s Book of Lappland (London: Jonathan Cape, 1931), 112.
laced meat with razor blades: Smith and Ferguson, Decade of the Wolf, 37.
On wolves learning risk of eating: Ibid; see also Safina, Beyond Words, 192.
For more on ravens and wolves, see: Rick McIntyre, The Reign of Wolf 21: The Saga of Yellowstone’s Legendary Druid Pack (Vancouver, Canada: Greystone Books, 2020), 133–34.
“He is hungry like a werewolf”: Willem de Blécourt, “‘I Would Have Eaten You Too’: Werewolf Legends in the Flemish, Dutch and German Area,” Folklore 118, no. 1 (2007): 33, http://www.jstor.org/stable/30035395.
“OR-7 was following the archetypal”: Brenda Peterson, Wolf Nation: The Life, Death, and Return of Wild American Wolves (New York: Hachette, 2017), 184.
“Wolves and other critters don’t exist”: Paul Neville, “Let Wandering Wolf Go off the Grid: OR-7’s Trek Captivated People, but with His Radio Signal Fading, Authorities Should Not Recollar Him,” Register-Guard (Eugene), Nov. 30, 2014.
two biologists backpacked: Lynne Terry, “Biologists Unsuccessful in Attempt to Collar Oregon’s Wolf OR-7,” Oregonlive, Oregonian, Oct. 30, 2014, https://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/2014/10/biologists_unsuccessful_in_att.html.
“The satellite download”: Lacey Jarrell, “OR-7’s Movements Tracked to Fort Klamath: Wolf May Have Dined on Cattle Remains,” Herald and News (Klamath Falls), Nov. 27, 2014, https://www.heraldandnews.com/email_blast/or-7-s-movements-tracked-to-fort-klamath/article_5fdc29c0-75ce-11e4-ae68-4fe372f5c8c7.html.
“I see fear as an absence”: Philippe Petit, “In Search of Fear,” Lapham’s Quarterly: Fear (Summer 2017), p. 214.
On the Chilcotin: Moskowitz, Wolves in the Land of Salmon, 236.
“Hominids likely would have”: L. David Mech, “Do Indigenous American Peoples’ Stories Inform the Study of Dog Domestication?,” Ethnobiology Letters 10, no. 1 (2019): 69–75, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26910058. See Fogg and Pierotti rebuttal: Raymond Pierotti and Brandy Raelene Fogg, “Neocolonial Thinking and Respect for Nature: Do Indigenous People Have Different Relationships with Wildlife than Europeans?,” Ethnobiology Letters 11, no. 1 (2020): 48–57, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26965301. History of canine rabies: Andres Velasco-Villa, Matthew R. Mauldin, Mang Shi, Luis E. Escobar, et al., “The History of Rabies in the Western Hemisphere,” Antiviral Research 146 (2017): 221–32.
Blackfoot story: Barry Lopez, Of Wolves and Men (New York: Scribner, 1978), 123.
“the wolf people”: Russel Lawrence Barsh and Chantelle Marlor, “Driving Bison and Blackfoot Science,” Human Ecology 31, no. 4 (2003): 581–83, 586, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4603493.
“Many human victims”: Beresford, The White Devil, 171.
Symptoms of rabies: Monica Murphy and Bill Wasik, Rabid: A Cultural History of the World’s Most Diabolical Virus (New York: Penguin, 2013), 7–8.
“He had run away quite naked”: Charles Larpenteur, Forty Years a Fur Trader on the Upper Missouri: The Personal Narrative of Charles Larpenteur, 1833–1872 (New York: F. P. Harper, 1898), 41.
For more on rabies and werewolves: Beresford, The White Devil, 171.
“Sick wolves fly”: Brett L. Walker, The Lost Wolves of Japan (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2009), 114.
For details on the Beast of Gévaudan: Jay M. Smith, Monsters of the Gévaudan: The Making of a Beast (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011).
“Just as the seed of health”: Marilyn Ferguson, excerpt from The Aquarian Conspiracy: Personal and Social Transformation in the 1980s (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987) reprinted in Lapham’s Quarterly: Fear (Summer 2017), 85.
vlkodlak: Sabine Baring-Gould, The Book of Were wolves, Ebook #5324 (Urbana, IL: Project Gutenberg, July 1, 2002), https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/5324.
Serer religion: Ralph Häussler, “Wolf and Mythology,” 2016, https://ralphhaussler.weebly.com/wolf-mythologie-americas.html.
Dillon on hypochondria: Brian Dillon, The Hypochondriacs: Nine Tormented Lives (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010), 5, 9.
For study of lupine shapeshifters: Sabine Baring-Gould, The Book of Werewolves: Being an Account of a Terrible Superstition (London: Smith, Elder, 1865), https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/5324.
Contemporary views of lycanthropy: Paul E. Keck, Harrison G. Pope, James I. Hudson, Susan L. McElroy, and Aaron R. Kulick, “Lycanthropy: Alive and Well in the Twentieth Century,” Psychological Medicine 18, no. 1 (1988): 113–20.
“not considered blameworthy”: Beresford, The White Devil, 152.
“others merely perceive … to be wolflike”: Ibid., 10.
Bettelheim argued: Bruno Bettelheim, “Feral Children and Autistic Children,” American Journal of Sociology 64, no. 5 (1959): 455–67, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2773433.
“You loved a shepherd”: Beresford, The White Devil, 52
“go out at night”: Ibid., 91.
not only as a terrorizer: Blécourt, “I Would Have Eaten You Too,” 29.
Armenian legend: Baring-Gould, The Book of Werewolves. See also Armenian culture blog: https://www.peopleofar.com/2013/01/31/armenian-werewolves-mardagayl.
For mazzeri: Beresford, The White Devil, 123–24; see also Dorothy Carrington, The Dream-Hunters of Corsica (London: Phoenix, 1996).
“Who hasn’t ever wondered”: Clarice Lispector, The Hour of the Star, 2nd ed. (New York: New Directions, 2011), 7.
Madeline Miller’s bestselling: Madeline Miller, Circe (Boston: Little, Brown, 2018).
Virgil on Circe: Virgil’s Aeneid (New York: Penguin, 1997), 183.
one 1889 painting: Wright Barker, Circe, oil on canvas, 1889. Bradford Museums and Galleries, West Yorkshire, UK, https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/circe-23017.
“Instead of presenting”: Christopher Lyon, “Free Fall: Kiki Smith on Her Art,” in Kiki Smith, ed. Helaine Posner (New York: Monacelli Press, 2005), 37.
The Tlingit see: Karen Jones, “Writing the Wolf: Canine Tales and North American Environmental-Literary Tradition,” Environment and History 17, no. 2 (May 2011): 202.
“I wanted to show how people”: Keavy Martin, Stories in a New Skin: Approaches to Inuit Literature (Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2012).
Folklorist Teresa: Teresa Pijoan, White Wolf Woman: Native American Transformation Myths (Atlanta: August House Publishers, 1992), 54–59.
The werewolf story as testimony: Blécourt, “I Would Have Eaten You Too,” 35–39.
“Werewolf stories allow a speaker”: Elena Boudovskaia, “Agency and Patriarchy in Carpatho-Rusyn Werewolf Stories,” Western Folklore 78, no. 2/3 (2019): 182, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26864150.
“After the earthquake”: “Haiti Quake Raises Fears of Child-Eating Spirits,” Reuters, Jan. 27, 2010, https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN27182777. For more context on vodou: Lauren Derby, “Imperial Idols: French and United States Revenants in Haitian Vodou,” History of Religions 54, no. 4 (2015): 394–422, https://doi.org/10.1086/680175.
“I think that today in the abandoned”: Peggy McInerney, “Shape-Shifting and Storytelling in Hispaniola,” UCLA International Institute, May 6, 2019, https://www.international.ucla.edu/lai/article/202890.
Estés quotes: Clarissa Pinkola Estés, Women Who Run with the Wolves (New York: Ballantine, 1995), 1, 2, 13, 17, 23, 24, 262.
“If it leads to change then it can be useful”: Audre Lorde, Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches (New York: Penguin, 2020), 121.
“Violence for me is part of the psyche”: Jacqueline Rose, On Violence and On Violence Against Women (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2021), 175.
“Fear of the beast”: Lopez, Of Wolves and Men, 140.
“To have compassion”: Ibid., 213.
“h[u]ng on a gallows”: Horace Howard Furness, Book News: A Monthly Survey of General Literature, “VII: September 1888–August 1889” (Philadelphia: J. Wanamaker, 1889), 19.
hung wearing clothes: Martin Rheinheimer, “The Belief in Werewolves and the Extermination of Real Wolves in Schleswig-Holstein,” Scandinavian Journal of History 20, no. 4 (1995): 20.
“the binarized identity”: Heather Tapley, “Edgy Un/Intelligibilities: Feminist/Monster Theory Meets Ginger Snaps,” Atlantis: Critical Studies in Gender, Culture and Social Justice 37, no. 2 (2016): 129.
For a critical look at the “two wolves” quote: âpihtawikosisân, “Check the Tag on That ‘Indian’ Story,” Feb. 21, 2012, https://apihtawikosisan.com/2012/02/check-the-tag-on-that-indian-story/.
“living in the physical sense”: Annie Dillard, Teaching a Stone to Talk: Expeditions and Encounters (New York: HarperCollins, 2009), 68.
“what we do to others, and so fear”: Ligaya Mishan, “In a Starving World, Is Eating Well Unethical?,” T: The New York Times Style Magazine, Mar. 18, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/18/t-magazine/indulgence-starvation-food-inequality.html.
7. Mother v. Wolf
“the world’s most famous wolf”: Winston Ross, “OR-7 Wolf: Can the Legendary Border Crosser Save His Endangered Species?,” Newsweek, July 4, 2018.
“We were hacked”: Gerry O’Brien, “Wolf Debate Grows Hairy: Contentious Issue Draws Technological Low Blows,” Herald and News (Klamath Falls), Feb. 7, 2015.
One study of dispersers in Alaska: L. David Mech and Luigi Boitani, eds., Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), 2.
For chart on pack structure: Ibid., 40.
oil spill: “CEI Hub Seismic Risk Analysis,” Multnomah County, June 24, 2021, https://www.multco.us/sustainability/cei-hub-seismic-risk-analysis.
“one of the highest threats to public safety”: Sophie Peel, “Portland Officials Fear the Largest Urban Forest in America Is a Wildfire Waiting to Happen,” Willamette Week, July 28, 2021, https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/07/28/portland-officials-fear-the-largest-urban-forest-in-america-is-a-wildfire-waiting-to-happen/.
“hyperobject”: Timothy Morton, Hyperobjects: Philosophy and Ecology After the End of the World (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013).
For details and quotes about lawsuit mentioning OR-7: Jeff Barnard, Associated Press, “Lawsuit Seeks to Protect Wolf OR-7, Pups from Timber Sale That May Be Too Close to Den,” Oregonian, June 19, 2014, https://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/2014/06/lawsuit_challenges_timber_sale.html.
“Our remnants of wilderness”: Aldo Leopold, “A Plea for Wilderness Hunting Grounds,” Outdoor Life, Nov. 1925, reproduced in Aldo Leopold’s Southwest, eds. David E. Brown and Neil B. Carmony (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1990), 160–61.
“They have these huge feet”: Lynne Terry, “More OR-7 Pups Get Their Picture Taken,” Oregonian, July 25, 2014.
“simply does not exist”: Lopez, Of Wolves and Men, 249.
“beneficial animals”: Brett L. Walker, The Lost Wolves of Japan (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2009), 127.
“We learned from the wolf”: Peterson, Wolf Nation, 14.
“a whole reindeer between”: Henrich Rink, Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo: With a Sketch of Their Habits, Religion, Language and Other Peculiarities (Edinburgh and London: W. Blackwood and Sons, 1875), 464–65.
“In the forest … you don’t prepare”: Nastassja Martin, In the Eye of the Wild (New York: New York Review Books, 2021).
mysterious bodily lumps: Lopez, Of Wolves and Men, 216.
“stand in for a nostalgia”: Carla Freccero, “A Race of Wolves,” Yale French Studies, no. 127 (2015): 112.
“We have never been individuals”: Scott Gilbert, “Holobiont by Birth,” in Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet: Ghosts and Monsters of the Anthropocene, eds. Anna Tsing, Heather Swanson, Elaine Gan, and Nils Bubandt (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2017).
“How can we listen across species”: Alexis Pauline Gumbs, Undrowned: Black Feminist Lessons from Marine Mammals (Oakland, CA: AK Press, 2020), 15.
unusual wolf pack: Mech and Boitani, Wolves, 1.
“intense harvest”: Linda Y. Rutledge, Brent R. Patterson, Kenneth J. Mills, Karen M. Loveless, Dennis L. Murray, and Bradley N. White, “Protection from Harvesting Restores the Natural Social Structure of Eastern Wolf Packs,” Biological Conservation 143, no. 2 (2010): 332–39.
For Haraway on history of “relatives”: Donna J. Haraway, Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016), 103.
“By kin I mean those”: Steve Paulson, “Making Kin: An Interview with Donna Haraway,” Los Angeles Review of Books, Dec. 6, 2019, https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/making-kin-an-interview-with-donna-haraway/.
For information on White River Pack: “Specific Wolves and Wolf Packs in Oregon—White River Pack,” Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2020, https://www.dfw.state.or.us/Wolves/Packs/White_River.asp.
For study on vertebrate biodiversity: Richard Schuster, Ryan R. Germain, Joseph R. Bennett, Nicholas J. Reo, and Peter Arcese, “Vertebrate Biodiversity on Indigenous-Managed Lands in Australia, Brazil, and Canada Equals That in Protected Areas,” Environmental Science and Policy 101 (2019): 1–6.
For biodiversity on Indigenous lands: Sherri Mitchell, “Indigenous Prophecy and Mother Earth,” in All We Can Save: Truth, Courage, and Solutions for the Climate Crisis, eds. Ayana Elizabeth Johnson and Katherine K. Wilkinson (New York: Random House, 2020), 19.
“I think I bring a unique approach”: Pat Dooris, “Chuck Sams, Oregonian and First Native American to Lead the National Park Service, Highlights Project at Fort Vancouver,” Kgw.com, Mar. 17, 2022, https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/the-story/national-parks-director-chuck-sams-fort-vancouver/283-9c503184-97ae-448c-bd8a-3e0c3390aaf5.
For National Geographic episode: Ronan Donovan, “The Last Hunt,” Kingdom of the White Wolf, National Geographic Channel, Aug. 25, 2019.
“one whose personality shapes”: Safina, Beyond Words, 157.
“Death is a wolf’s living”: Ibid., 186.
“It is crucially instructive”: Ibid., 155.
“A wolf’s fat”: “The Natural History of Pliny,” Pliny the Elder, A Natural History (London: G. Bell and Sons, 1856), 361.
“I stopped my tractor”: Ross, “OR-7 Wolf: Can the Legendary Border Crosser Save His Endangered Species?”
“He looks pretty lean”: Mark Freeman, “Wildlife Wolf Pack Grows as OR-7 Slows Down,” Ashland Daily Tidings, Aug. 2, 2016.
eulogy to OR-7’s father: Melissa Gaskill, “The Life and Legacy of OR4, Oregon’s Most Celebrated Wild Wolf,” Men’s Journal, Apr. 13, 2016, https://www.mensjournal.com/adventure/life-and-legacy-of-or4-oregons-most-celebrated-wild-wolf-w202529/.
“I don’t have any remorse”: Emma Marris, “OR4 (Wolf),” Oregon Historical Society, Apr. 24, 2019, https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/or4-wolf/#.YkjY6S-B2Al.
There’s a Serbian story: Aleksandar Loma, “Problems of Chronological and Social Stratification in the Historical Anthroponomastics: The Case of ‘Lupine’ and ‘Equine’ Proper Names Among the Indo-European Peoples,” Personal Names and Cultural Reconstruction Conference, University of Helsinki, Aug. 21–23, 2019, https://www2.helsinki.fi/sites/default/files/atoms/files/wolf_and_horse_handout.pdf.
