Rumbles, page 24
31 Nick J. Spencer, Lee Travis, Lukasz Wiklendt et al., ‘Long Range Synchronization Within the Enteric Nervous System Underlies Propulsion Along the Large Intestine in Mice’, Communications Biology 4 (2021)
32 René Descartes, Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences (1637), pp. 19–20
33 René Descartes, Treatise on Man (1662)
34 René Descartes, Passions of the Soul [1649], trans. Stephen Voss (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1989)
35 Ibid., p. 36
36 See Lisa Shapiro, ‘Descartes’s Pineal Gland Reconsidered’, Midwest Studies in Philosophy 35 (2011), 259–86
37 Galen, On the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body (De usu partium), trans. Margaret Tallmadge May, 2 vols (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1968), Vol. 1, p. 205
38 Thomas Willis, Cerebri anatome: cui accessit nervorum descriptio et usus (London, 1664)
39 Nicolas Fontaine, Mémoires pour servir a l’histoire de Port-Royal (1738)
40 Erica Fudge, Brutal Reasoning: Animals, Rationality, and Humanity in Early Modern England (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019), p. 180
41 Roger Fulford (ed.), Darling Child: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the German Crown Princess of Russia, 1871–1878 (London: Evans Brothers, 1976), p. 185
42 Royal Commission on Vivisection, Report of the Royal Commission on the Practice of Subjecting Live Animals to Experiments for Scientific Purposes; With Minutes of Evidence and Appendix (London: George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, 1876), p. 183
43 Ibid., pp. 138, 272
44 See N. Katherine Hayles, ‘Microbiomimesis: Bacteria, Our Cognitive Collaborators’, Critical Inquiry 47:4 (Summer 2021)
45 Elizabeth M. Knowles, ‘Blue Devils’, Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)
46 John Keats to John Reynolds, 18 September 1819, in The Letters of John Keats: Vol. 2, 1819–1821, ed. Hyder Edward Rollins (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), pp. 166–8; Byron, Don Juan (London: John Murray, 1819)
47 James Johnson, Essay on Indigestion; or, Morbid Sensibility of the Stomach [1827] (London: S. Highley, 1840), p. 30
48 Alessandro Benedetti, ‘History of the Human Body’ [1497], in Studies in Pre-Vesalian Anatomy: Biography, Translations, Documents, ed. L. R. Lind (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1975), p. 90
49 N. Henessey, ‘Dietetics in Relation to Mental Culture’, The Dietetic Reformer and Vegetarian Messenger (1 February 1873)
50 Steven Shapin, ‘ “You Are What You Eat”: Historical Changes in Ideas About Food and Identity’, Historical Research 87:237 (2014), 377–92 (p. 378)
51 Larry Duffy, ‘Textual (In)Digestions in Flaubert, Zola and Huysmans: Accumulation, Extraction, Regulation’, in Gut Feeling and Digestive Health in Nineteenth-Century Literature, History and Culture, ed. Manon Mathias and Alison M. Moore (New York: Palgrave, 2018), p. 181; Noah Webster, Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 5th edn (New York: G. & C. Merriam, 1941); W. C. Orr, ‘Sleep and Functional Bowel Disorders: Can Bad Bowels Cause Bad Dreams?’, American Journal of Gastroenterology 95:5 (2000), 1118–21
52 Carole Levin, Dreaming the English Renaissance: Politics and Desire in Court and Culture (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), p. 62
53 Sasha Handley, Sleep in Early Modern England (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2016), pp. 22–3
54 Robert Macnish, The Philosophy of Sleep (Glasgow: W. R. M‘Phun, 1827), p. 53
55 Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams [1899], ed. and trans. James Strachey (New York: Basic Books, 1955), p. 483
56 Ibid., p. 130
57 cheesedeutung.tumblr.com
58 Katherine Roeder, Wide Awake in Slumberland: Fantasy, Mass Culture, and Modernism in the Art of Winsor McCay (Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 2014), pp. 155–6
59 Ibid., p. 14
60 Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol [1843] (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1915), p. 24
61 Shane McCorristine, Spectres of the Self: Thinking About Ghosts and Ghost-Seeing in England, 1750–1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 27, 31
62 Reginald Scot, The Discoverie of Witchcraft (London: William Brome, 1584)
63 Caroline Oates, ‘Cheese Gives You Nightmares: Old Hags and Heartburn’, Folklore 114:2 (2003), 205–25 (p. 221)
64 Porphyry, On Abstinence from Killing Animals, trans. Gillian Clark (London: Bloomsbury, 2000), p. 73
65 Christopher Kissane, Food, Religion and Communities in Early Modern Europe (London: Bloomsbury, 2018), p. 108
66 In his article ‘Historians as Demonologists: The Myth of the Midwife-Witch’, Social History of Medicine 3:1 (1990), 1–26, David Harley characterised the claim made by several twentieth-century historians that midwives working in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were frequently prosecuted for witchcraft as grossly exaggerated. In his research he uncovered only one English trial in which a midwife was accused, leading Harley to claim that historians had been engaged in the creation of a ‘powerful myth’. These claims have since been refuted by, among others, Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English, who counter that ‘the association that witch hunters made between witches and midwives in Europe is inescapable’ and cite archival research that documents several examples from across Germany in which midwives were indeed prosecuted as witches (see their Witches, Midwives, and Nurses: A History of Women Healers, 2nd edn (New York: Feminist Press, 2010)).
67 Heinrich Kramer, The Malleus Maleficarum [1487], trans. Montague Summers (London: John Rodker, 1928), p. 66
68 Nancy Caciola, Discerning Spirits: Divine and Demonic Possession in the Middle Ages (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003), p. 171
69 Boyd Brogan, ‘His Belly, Her Seed: Gender and Medicine in Early Modern Demonic Possession’, Representations 147:1 (Summer 2019), 1–25 (p. 7)
70 Nicholas Rémy, quoted in Brogan, p. 7
71 Mary Post, Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics, and at Home (New York and London: Funk & Wagnalls, 1922) pp. 177–230
72 Peggy Post, Anna Post, Lizzie Post and Daniel Post Senning, Emily Post’s Etiquette, 18th edn: Manners for a New World (New York: William Morrow, 2011)
73 Isabella Beeton, Book of Household Management (London: S. O. Beeton, 1861), p. 905
74 Ibid.
75 Norbert Elias, The Civilizing Process: Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations [1939], rev. edn, ed. Eric Dunning, Johan Goudsblom and Stephen Mennell, trans. Edmund Jephcott (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000)
76 Charles Vyse, The New London Spelling Book (London: G. Robinson, 1778), quoted in Keith Thomas, In Pursuit of Civility: Manners and Civilization in Early Modern England (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2018), p. 51
77 Ken Albala, Eating Right in the Renaissance (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), p. 218
78 Humphrey Brooke, A Conservatory of Health, Comprised in a Plain and Practical Discourse upon the Six Particulars Necessary for Man’s Life (London: 1650), quoted in Albala, Eating Right in the Renaissance, p. 218
79 Plato, Phaedrus 238a–b, trans. Harold N. Fowler, Loeb Classical Library 36 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982), p. 447
80 See Barbara H. Rosenwein, Emotional Communities in the Middle Ages (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006), p. 48
81 Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica ii-ii. Q148.A4
82 William Vaughan, Naturall and Artificial Directions for Health: Deriued from the Best Philosophers, as Well Moderne, as Auncient (London: Richard Bradocke, 1600)
83 ‘An Homilie Against Gluttony and Drunkennesse’, quoted in Schoenfeldt, Bodies and Selves in Early Modern England, p. 24
84 ‘The Publisher to the Reader’, in Roger Crab, The English Hermite; or, Wonder of this Age (London: 1655), p. 1
85 See Kerry S. Walters and Lisa Portmess, Religious Vegetarianism: From Hesiod to the Dalai Lama (New York: State University of New York Press, 2001) for a detailed history of meat-avoidance and religious tradition.
86 Ian Miller, ‘The Gut–Brain Axis: Historical Reflections’, Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease (2018) 29:2, 1–9 (p. 2)
87 Thomas Cogan, The Haven of Health: Chiefly Gathered for the Comfort of Students (London: William Norton, 1584)
88 Ibid., pp. 69, 71, 111, 102
89 Ibid., pp. 129, 128, 146, 132
90 John Selden, ‘Preface’, Titles of Honor (London: John Helme, 1614)
91 Joseph Firth, James E. Gangwisch, Alessandra Borsini, Robyn E. Wootton and Emeran A. Mayer, ‘Food and Mood: How Do Diet and Nutrition Affect Mental Wellbeing?’, British Medical Journal 369 (2020)
92 Cogan, The Haven of Health, pp. 129–30
93 Jan Purnis, ‘The Stomach and Early Modern Emotion’, University of Toronto Quarterly 79:2 (Spring 2010), 800–18 (p. 803)
94 Joseph Duchesne, Le Pourtraict de la santé (Paris: Claude Morel, 1606)
95 Diocletian Lewis, Our Digestion; or, My Jolly Friend’s Secret (Philadelphia and Boston: G. Maclean, 1872), p. 101
96 Mikhail Bakhtin, Rabelais and His World [1965], trans. Hélène Iswolsky (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984), p. 10
97 Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard quoted in William Beaumont, Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice, and the Physiology of Digestion (Plattsburgh: F. P. Allen, 1833), p. 10
98 Jesse S. Myer, Life and Letters of Dr. William Beaumont (St. Louis: C. V. Mosby, 1912), pp. 107–8
99 René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur quoted in Henry Smith Williams, A History of Science, Vol. 4 (Frankfurt: Outlook Verlag, 2018), p. 54
100 Alexander W. Blyth, ‘Diet in Relation to Health and Work’, in Health Exhibition Literature, Vol. 4 (William Clowes and Sons: London, 1884), pp. 251–354
101 Vaughan, Naturall and Artificial Directions for Health, p. 168
102 Andreas Vesalius quoted in Schoenfeldt, Bodies and Selves in Early Modern England, p. 26
103 Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, ed. C. O’Donnell and Thomas Roche (London: Penguin, 2003), II. 30
104 John Abernethy, ‘An Enquiry into the Probability and Rationality of Mr Hunter’s Theory of Life’, in Physiological Lectures, Addressed to the College of Surgeons (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1825), p. 53
105 Marilyn Butler, ‘Frankenstein and Radical Science’, in Frankenstein, ed. J. Paul Hunter (New York: Norton, 1996), pp. 302–13
106 Ibid., p. 307
107 Lawrence was alluding to a line from Alexander Pope’s poem ‘An Essay on Man’ (1733–4).
108 Abernethy, ‘An Enquiry into the Probability and Rationality of Mr Hunter’s Theory of Life’, p. 48
109 John Hunter, ‘On the Digestion of the Stomach after Death’, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (1772), 447–54 (p. 453)
110 William Hunter, Introductory Lectures (London: J. Johnson, 1784), p. 67
111 See Ruth Richardson, Death, Dissection and the Destitute (New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987) for a full account of the body-snatching scandal.
112 Quoted in William Osler, ‘William Beaumont: A Pioneer American Physiologist’, in Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice and the Physiology of Digestion [1833] (Mineola: Dover Publications, 1996), p. xiii
113 Mary Roach, Gulp: Adventures on the Alimentary Canal (New York: W. W. Norton, 2013), p. 98
114 Beaumont, Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice, and the Physiology of Digestion (1833), p. 90
115 Roach, Gulp, pp. 100–1
116 Andrew Combe, ‘Preface’, in William Beaumont, Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice, and the Physiology of Digestion (Edinburgh: Maclachlan and Stewart, 1838), pp. xiv–xv
117 Walter B. Cannon and George Higginson, ‘The Book of William Beaumont after One Hundred Years’, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 9:10 (1933), 568–84 (p. 583)
118 Walter B. Cannon, Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage: An Account of Recent Researches into the Function of Emotional Excitement (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1915)
119 Cannon and Higginson, ‘The Book of William Beaumont after One Hundred Years’, p. 581
120 Michail Mantzios, ‘(Re)Defining Mindful Eating into Mindful Eating Behaviour to Advance Scientific Enquiry’, Nutrition and Health 27:4 (2021), 367–71
121 Robert Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy, 3 vols [1621] (London: William Tegg, 1863), p. 4
122 Ibid., p. 551
123 Ibid., p. 72
124 Ibid., p. 200
125 Robert Whytt, Observations on the Nature, Causes and Cure of Those Disorders which Have Been Commonly Called Nervous, Hypochondriac or Hysteric (Edinburgh: T. Becket, 1765), p. 127
126 Cheyne, The English Malady, p. 44
127 Ibid., p. 52
128 Ibid., p. 54
129 Alexander Crichton, An Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Mental Derangement, Vol. 2 (London: T. Cadell & W. Davies, 1798), p. 30
130 Richard Blackmore, A Treatise of the Spleen and Vapours (London: J. Pemberton, 1726), p. 91
131 Cogan, The Haven of Health, pp. 116–17
132 Anne-Charles Lorry, Essai sur le alimens (Paris: Vincent, 1754), p. 236
133 Samuel Auguste André David Tissot, An Essay on Diseases Incident to Literary and Sedentary Persons, trans. J. Kirkpatrick (London: J. Nourse, 1769), pp. 111, 112
134 Samuel Johnson to James Boswell, 2 July 1776, in The Life of Samuel Johnson, Vol. 3 [1791] (London: Office of the National Illustrated Library, 1851), p. 64
135 Samuel Taylor Coleridge to George Beaumont, 1 February 1804, in Memorials of Coleorton: Being Letters from Coleridge, Wordsworth and His Sister, Southey, and Sir Walter Scott to Sir George and Lady Beaumont, 1803–1834, Vol. 1 (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1887), p. 43
136 Thomas Trotter, A View of the Nervous Temperament (Newcastle: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1807), p. 45
137 Roy and Dorothy Porter, In Sickness and in Health: The British Experience, 1650–1850 (London: Fourth Estate, 1988), pp. 203–10
138 James Kennaway and Jonathan Andrews, ‘The Grand Organ of Sympathy: Fashionable Stomach Complaints and the Mind in Britain, 1750–1850’, Social History of Medicine 32:1 (2019), 57–79 (p. 69)
139 Elizabeth L. Swann, Taste and Knowledge in Early Modern England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020), p. 12
140 William Shakespeare, Love’s Labour’s Lost, ed. G. R. Hibbard (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), iv. 2, 25–30
141 Spenser, The Faerie Queene, II. 20
142 Ben Jonson, Timber; or, Discoveries Made Upon Men and Matter (London, 1641), p. 127
143 Denise Gigante, Taste: A Literary History (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2005), p. 16
144 Francis Bacon, ‘Of Studies’ [1597], The Major Works, ed. Brian Vickers (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 81
145 Desiderius Erasmus, Ciceronianus; or, a Dialogue on the Best Style of Speaking [1528] (Virginia: University of Virginia Press, 1972), p. 4
146 Seneca, Epistles, quoted in Swann, p. 43
147 John Milton, Areopagitica: A Speech of Mr John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England (1644), in Censorship and the Press, 1580–1720, Vol. 2: 1640–1660, eds. Geoff Kemp and Jason McElligott (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2009), pp. 95–215
148 Ibid., p. 154
149 Ibid.
150 Queen Elizabeth I quoted in Helen Smith, ‘ “More swete vnto the eare/than holsome for ye mynde”: Embodying Early Modern Women’s Reading’, Huntington Library Quarterly 73:3 (2010), 413–32
151 Edward Reynolds, A Treatise of the Passions and Faculties of the Soul of Man (London: Robert Bostock, 1640), p. 164
152 Anne C. Vila, ‘The Philosophe’s Stomach: Hedonism, Hypochondria, and the Intellectual in Enlightenment France’, in Cultures of the Abdomen: Diet, Digestion, and Fat in the Modern World, eds Christopher E. Forth and Ana Carden-Coyne (New York: Palgrave, 2005), pp. 89–104 (p. 89)
153 Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Philosophical Lectures (1819), quoted in Gigante, Taste, p. 13
154 Lucy McDonald, ‘The Sandwich That Changed Lunch Forever’, Daily Mail, 23 April 2010
155 ‘The Work Issue’, New York Times Magazine, 28 February 2016
156 Nupur Amarnath, ‘Can I Eat My Office Lunch at My Desk?’, The Times of India, 16 October 2016; Zaria Gorvett, ‘The Norwegian Art of the Packed Lunch’, BBC News, 3 January 2019; Suthentira Govender, ‘Work Through Lunch? You’re Giving Your Company Over R500k’, Sunday Times (South Africa), 28 October 2018
157 Roger Cohen, ‘France’s Latest Covid Measure: Letting Workers Eat at Their Desks’, New York Times, 22 February 2021
158 Andrea Broomfield, Food and Cooking in Victorian England: A History (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007), p. 24
159 etymonline.com/word/lunch
160 E. P. Thompson, ‘Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism’, Past and Present 38 (1967), 56–97 (p. 86)
161 ‘Luncheon Bars’, London Society 17:99 (March 1870), 241
162 Alfred Haviland, Hurried to Death; or, a Few Words of Advice on the Danger of Hurry and Excitement, Especially Addressed to Railway Travellers (London: Henry Renshaw, 1868), p. 13
163 ‘Diet and Dyspepsia’, All the Year Round, 6 February 1886, 545
164 W. M. Wallace, A Treatise on Desk Diseases: Containing the Best Methods of Treating the Various Disorders Attendant Upon Sedentary and Studious Habits (London: T. Griffiths, 1826), p. 7
165 Broomfield, Food and Cooking in Victorian England, p. 54
166 C. P. Newcombe, The Manifesto of Vegetarianism (London: Vegetarian Society, 1911), p. 13
167 George Gissing, New Grub Street [1891], ed. John Goode (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 92
168 Michael Heller, London Clerical Workers, 1880–1914: Development of the Labour Market (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2011), p. 1
