The Frayed Atlantic Edge, page 36
Corrib, Lough, 255
Corrib gas field, 248–9, 251–3
Coruisk, Loch (Coire Uisg) (Skye), 182
Costie, Alex, 69–70
Covenanter rising (1679), 219
Crawford, O.G.S., 333–4
creeling, 71–2, 98, 117, 209, 230
Cregan family of Erris, 246
Crichton Smith, Iain, 93, 103, 104, 321
Crieff, 151
Cromwell, Oliver, 211, 255, 287
Cronin, Nessa, 279, 282
Cross, Dorothy, 281–2
crossbills, 160
Culloden, battle of (1746), 129, 171
Cumberland, Duke of (‘Butcher’), 129
Cumming, John, 30–1
Cunliffe, Barry, Facing the Ocean (2001), ix, 169–70, 342–3
curlews, 70, 86
Curwen, E. Cecil, 95
Da Yard (abandoned village on Havera), 43
Dalriada (Gaelic kingdom), 208
‘Dark Ages’, x, 285
Dark Peak, 7
Darwin, Charles, 239
De Luca, Christina, ‘Mappin Havera’, 42
deer, 134–5, 152, 153
Defoe, Daniel, 128
Delap, Maude, 279–82
devolution, political, 9–10, 197
Dicuil (Irish monk), 284
Dingle Peninsula (County Kerry), 211, 277, 340
Dixon, James, 224–5
Dixon, John, 158–9
dolphins, 82, 167, 265, 272, 326, 340
Domosh, Mona, 282
Donegal, County (province of Ulster), 198, 204, 205, 206, 208, 210–11, 221–2; Ballynahich Strand, 310; the Cope (co-operative), 229–31; McSwine’s Gun (sea cave), 237; ‘Paddy the Cope’, 230; see also Thoraí (Tory Island) (County Donegal)
Donn, Rob, 123–4, 125, 127–8, 129–33, 217, 344
Dore Holm (on Stenness Island), 37
dotterels, 160
Doyle, Ciaran, 245
Du Bois, W. E. B., 190
Dubh, Torquil, 135
Dubh Artach lighthouse, 198
Dublin Society for Improving Husbandry, Manufacturing and Other Useful Arts and Sciences, 238–9
Dún Aonghasa (clifftop fort), 261–2, 263
Dùn Èistean (Ness port), 99, 100
Dungloe (County Donegal), 208, 229
dunlins, 254
Dunnett, Alastair, 191–7, 345
Dursey Island cliffs, 287
eagles, 7, 10, 110, 135, 167, 188
Easdale, island of, 190
East Burra, island of, 27
Eddrachillis Bay (islet, the Brieve’s Island), 136
Edinburgh, 103, 106, 124, 141, 149, 201
Education Acts (1870, 1872), x, 102–3, 341
Edwardes, Charles, 299–301, 304
eels, 41, 168, 236
Egilsay (holy island of Orkney), 77
Egyptian Hall in Piccadilly, 62
eider ducks, 71, 116
Eliot, T.S., Four Quartets (1943), 321
Enlightenment: agricultural sciences, 111; effort to make science universal, 257–8; elite domination of narrative, 190; ‘Highland problem’ as invention of, 344; impact on coastal communities, x; monetary economy and wage labour, 217, 218; need for eradication of label, 190, 340–1; rereading in light of island stories, 189, 190–5, 217–18, 257–8, 340–1
Enterprise Energy, 248
environmentalism: and Rachel Carson, 18, 345; ‘Counter-Desecration Phrasebook’ concept, 113–14, 115, 134; early history of British conservation, 158, 159–60; and Gaelic culture, 113–15; and Gaelic language, 113–14; intense awareness of present degradation, 115; Machair Life project on Uist, 112; modernity as ecological threat, 341, 343; new ways of living well, 9–10; protests against Shell, 249–50, 251–2; the whale as symbol of, 275–6
Eòrapaidh (chapel on Ness), 99
Eriskay, island of, 103
European Commission, 295
Evans, Christine, 305, 306–10, 317, 347
Evans, Colin, 305, 306
Evans, Ernest, 304, 305–6, 308–9
Evans, Estyn, 216–17
Eynhallow (holy island of Orkney), 77, 79, 81
Fair Isle, 27, 45, 50
Falkirk, 151
Fanad Head lighthouse, 198, 204
Farley, Erin, 201–2
farming: ‘agricultural revolution’ label, 340; cattle-droving routes, 149, 150–2; eagles seen as threat to, 10; ‘Glendale martyrs’ on Skye, 177; ‘Highland problem’ as Enlightenment invention, 344; and historic landscape, 79; in Ireland, 214, 216–17, 218, 219–20, 227; lazy-beds (feannagan), 110–11, 190; Machair Life project on Uist, 112; nineteenth-century ‘improvements’, 95, 111–12, 151–3, 195–6, 344; in north-west Scotland wilderness, 155–6; on Orkney, 66, 72, 76–7; peatland, 26, 67, 79, 93, 95, 117, 168, 220–1, 252, 255; potato blight of 1840s, 111, 210, 214, 228–9; of potatoes, 111, 210, 218; on Shetland, 43, 47; shieling customs, 94–5; small-scale crofting on Uist, 111–12, 115; twentieth-century focus on the present, 112; in Wales, 297, 311; on Western Isles, 94–5, 96, 111–13, 116–17, 119–20
Faroe, 20, 25, 54, 211
fascism, 177, 178
Fastnet Rock, 277, 284; lighthouse, 198
feldspar, 33
feminist historiography of geography, 282
Fiddler, Meg, 72
Fidelis (Irish monk), 284–5
field sports, 10, 152–3, 154–5
film, 10–12, 264–5, 281–2
Finlay, Ian Hamilton, 86–7
Fir Bolgs (mythological Irish race), 213, 261–2
First World War, 101, 138, 341–2
Fisherfield, 145, 153, 156
fishing: in Cornwall, 322, 323, 324; as dangerous industry, 235; eagles seen as threat to, 10; and European institutions, 264; in Ireland, 221–2, 230–1, 235, 247, 252, 256, 264–5; Irish boats, 208–9; Irish Fishers’ Knowledge Project, 264–5; modern factory of the sea, 11, 31, 101, 264; and North Sea, 11; on Orkney, 67–8; Outer Hebrides, 98, 101–2; on Shetland, 27–31, 47
Fivepenny (township on Ness), 99
Fladda lighthouse, 198, 199–201
Flaws, Andy, 202
Foinaven (Foinne Bheinn) (mountain), 2, 125, 134
folklore, 10; of the Armada, xi, 74–5; of Atlantic seals, 246; and Cornwall, 322–3; of Eynhallow, 81; and Ness group, 106–7; of Orkney, 79–80, 81; storytelling on Westray, 74–5; of Thoraí, 219; and transhumance customs, 94–5
Fomorians (mythological Irish race), 213
Forestry Commission, 160
Foula, island of, 38, 45, 55
Foulis, Will, 62
foxes, 125
Foze Rocks, 277
Fraser Darling, Frank, 8, 123
fulmars, 17, 22, 38, 46, 47, 55, 81, 98, 215, 227
gabbro, 33, 176, 179, 181
Gabhla, island of, 227
Gaelic culture: centralising onslaught against, 99–100, 114, 189–95, 215–19, 297, 341, 344–5; and communications revolution, 9–10, 109; and Cromwell, 211, 255, 287; devastation of on Mull, 187–8, 194–5; dinnseanchas (‘place-lore’), 256–8, 261, 263; divergence from Lowland Scotland (after 1840), 100–1; Dunnett and Adam campaign, 191–7, 345; engrained romantic imagery, 12; and environmentalism, 113–15; Galway city as haven of, 268; impact of Jacobite defeat, 129; Irish Gaeltacht, 209–11, 223, 246, 247, 255, 268; and Norman MacCaig, 12, 121, 124, 137–40, 142, 170; and Sorley MacLean, 165, 176–8, 187; MacLean’s view of as socialistic, 177–8; and narratives of failure, 102, 103–4, 106–7; oral history tradition, 99, 106, 112, 127, 130–3; politics on Skye, 176–8; rejuvenation of, x, 10, 91, 104–9, 112–15, 141–2; relationship of land with sea, 93–4, 107–9, 172, 209–12; Scottish Gàdhealtachd, 99, 100, 106, 110, 145, 177; seafaring epics, 171, 172, 173–4; and Skye, 165, 176–8; song and poem as history, 127–8, 130–3; stereotyping/mythologising of coastal communities, 11–12; symbolic ships, 172; as tied to place, 134; urban Gaelic renaissance, 141–2; as victim of modern farming methods, 111–12; as victim of nationalised education, 102–4, 106–7, 108, 109–10
Gaelic language, 4; activism promoting, 104, 133–4; and collapse of maritime trades, 246; in Connacht’s ABC zone, 255, 268; current state of, 110, 209; decline of, 102–3, 141; and Rob Donn, 130; and emigration, 102; environmental concepts, 113–14; Gaelic patronymics on Ness, 107; industrial modernity’s crusade against, 102–4, 341; Irish origins, 207–8; and lighthouse keeping, 204; and Norman MacCaig, 124, 139, 141; name ‘Argyll’, 208; place names on Havera, 45; propaganda against, 103–4, 341; rejuvenation of, 10, 91, 207–8; relative strength of Irish Gaelic, 210–11, 268; verse, 12, 94, 123–4, 126, 127–8, 129–34, 136, 165, 171–4, 176–8, 344; versifier’s function, 127–8; as victim of nationalised education, 102–4, 106–7, 108, 109–10; in Western Isles, 72, 91, 93, 99, 100, 102, 104–5, 107–10
Galician culture, 10, 283, 295
Gallagher, Sally and Paddy, 229
Galway, County (province of Connacht): ‘ABC of earth wonders’, 255–7; Connemara, 85, 210, 211–12, 223, 254–5, 256–61, 266–8; mapping of, 254–5, 256–8, 261; Slyne Head, 266–8
Galway Bay, 254–60
Galway city, 260, 268, 271
gannets, 20–2, 23, 31–2, 70, 107, 236, 271
garden-cities movement, 299
Garvaghy (Ulster), 134
gas fields, 247, 248–9, 251–3
Gaskell, Philip, Morven Transformed (1968), 188
geese, 174, 206, 214
gender: female scientists of the coast, 279–82; and herring industry, 72; Marianne Moore’s whale, 274; Orkney communities, 67–8; women of Thoraí, 216, 218
General Post Office, 11
gentians, 94, 256
George II, King, 129
George III, King, 239
George of Tarbert, Lord of Handa Island, 132, 134
Gilchrist, Janeanne, 343
Gillies, Agnes, 106
Gladstone, William, 177
Glasgow, 100, 101, 141, 152, 191
glass production, 157
Glendale (Skye), 177
Glyndwr, Owain, 311
gneiss, 18, 33, 92
Gokstad ship, 26
golden eagles, 110
Goodlad, Jessie, 46
goose barnacles, 236
Gorsedh Kernow, 324
Graemsay, island of, 82
Graham, W.S., 317–23, 324–5, 330, 332, 347
Gramsci, Antonio, 115
granite, 18, 32, 33, 43, 214, 255, 267, 316
Grant, Walter, 80
Grassholm (Pembrokeshire island), 291
great auks, 62–3
Great Western Railway, 325–7
Green, Fiona, 274
Greenock (Scotland), 317, 319, 320, 322
Greenpeace, 248
Grierson, John, 11
Griffith, M. Dinorben, 301–2
grouse, 152
guillemots, 20, 117, 214, 227, 236, 243, 259; as food, 11, 70–1
Gulf Stream, 86, 88
gulls, 17, 23, 86, 98, 176, 224
gyrfalcons, 201
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle), Winter Love (1972), 321
Hadfield, Jen, 37–8
Hadrian’s Wall, 6
Haldane, Archibald, 149, 150
Halpin, Robert, 207
Handa Island, 135–7
Hanoverian kings, 100, 128–9, 171, 341
Harbison, Robert, 238
Hardy, Thomas, 7, 53, 299, 326
hares, 153, 160, 236
Harlech Castle, 311
Harris, 2, 100, 110–11, 112–13
Harris tweed, 109, 113
Haughey, Charles, 277
Havera, island of, 41–8, 137
hawksbeard, 60
Hay, George, 157–9, 160
Heaney, Seamus, 172–3, 218, 224, 260, 273, 285–6
Heffernan, Michael, 244
Heraclitus, 318
The Herring Girls (photograph collection of Ness, 1988), 107
herring industry, 72–3, 101, 102, 117, 221–2
Hewitson, Jim and Morag, 64–6
Hibbert, Samuel, 39–40, 53
the Highlands and Islands, University of, 10, 110, 345
Hill, Derek, 223–5
Himalayas, 88
history: attitudes to time, 276; ‘Britain’ as naturalised entity, 341–2; in Calvin and Hobbes, 189; courses, 10–12; elite domination of narrative, 189–90; and escape from visions of the present, 114–15; lack of geographical diversity, 5, 190; landlocked preconceptions, 5, 118–20, 190, 211–13, 340–6; loss of in colonial mapping projects, 241–2, 253; and mountains, 146–9; and nationalised education, 104; neglect of western Irish coast, 205–6; and non-human animals, 343; ocean as ecosystem, 343; past as unfinished business, 114–15, 345–7; present as part of unfinished pasts, 226–7, 345–7; ‘Renaissance’ narrative, 189, 340; rereading in light of island stories, 189, 190–5, 217–18, 257–8, 340–7; shared characteristics over time and space, 170–1; southern dominance as relatively recent, 5–6; urban, inland ascendancy as progress, 226, 257–8, 340–6; and visions of island futures, 305, 306–7; wandering the landscape as research, 6, 7, 146–9, 257, 258–9; Western Isles historical societies, 104–9, 112, 113, 115; see also archaeological heritage; human history, traces/hints of
Horse Holm, island of, 50, 51
horses, 219; wild stallion and Skye, 176–8
Hosken, James Dryden, 333
Houlbrook, Matt, 10–11
Huband, Sally, 38, 55
Hughson, Robert, 29
Hugo, Richard, 175
human history, traces/hints of: on Chleirich, 8–9; in Cornwall, 334; in Ireland, 206, 214–15, 256, 276–8, 283–5, 287; kilns, 45; on Orkney Islands, 60, 61–2, 63–4, 68, 72, 73; on Scottish mainland, 123, 127, 136, 154, 155, 157–8; on Shetland Islands, 23, 24, 41, 43–7, 49, 50; on Skye, 167–71; on Western Isles, 96, 98, 99, 116–17, 119
Hunter, Jim, 10, 110, 127; The Other Side of Sorrow (1995), 345
Hyde, Douglas, 286
Hydrographic Office, Admiralty, 239
Hyskeir lighthouse, 198
Iberia, 206, 207, 283
Ice Age, 49, 123, 145, 167
Iceland, 20, 206, 207, 209, 211, 284
imperial encounters, xi; Act of Union (1707), 88, 128; Act of Union (1801), 128, 239; anti-Irish prejudice, 239; centralising forces, 190–1, 192–3, 215–19, 297; Chinese victims of opium trade, 96; Dunnett and Adam campaign, 191–7; and mapping projects, 238–40, 241–2, 253, 257; Marianne Moore’s whale, 274; post-Culloden reign of terror, 129; in Skye coastal churchyards, 178–9; see also British Empire
Inchard, Loch, 134
India, 88
industrial capitalism, 114–15
Industrial Revolution, 100, 157–9, 299, 340
Inis Mór, island of, 210
Inishcoo, island of, 210
Inner Sound, 165, 166, 167–9, 170, 171, 174
Iolaire disaster (1919), 101
Ireland: Act of Union (1801), 128, 239; ancient Kings and corsairs, 207; Atlantic edge as relatively populous, 210–11; as ‘British’ during extended nineteenth century, 188–9, 241–2, 274; British economic war against Free State, 230; Congested Districts Board, 221–2; crises of coastal communities, 236, 247–8, 264–5, 341; Derry steamer tragedy (1848), 229; early saints and holy men, 98, 118–19, 175, 206, 207, 260, 325; early-medieval ‘thalassocracies’, 91; and Enlightenment ‘progress’, 217–18, 226, 257–8; era of the scholar saints, 284–7; and European institutions, 264; Gaeldom overrun by Anglo culture, 129; geology/landscape, 214–15, 216, 237–9, 243–5, 248–9, 251–7, 261–3, 266–8, 277, 283–4, 287; great famine, 210, 214, 228–9, 341, 344; historic travels of first Irish monks, 91; human traces/ruins, 206, 214–15, 276–8, 283–5, 287; Irish Cinderella tale, 273–4; Iron Age heritage, 214, 215; island life as centrally subsidised, 211; islands, 209–10, 211, 213, 214–28, 236, 254, 261–7, 271, 276–80, 283, 287; land and sea distinctions blurred, 208–9, 236–7, 241, 254, 261; lighthouses, 198, 204; links with Nigeria, 250–1, 252; mythological beginnings of history, 213, 255, 261–2, 273; nineteenth-century emigration from, 8; oral custom, 215, 253, 255, 257; original tales and the Mediterranean, 283; poitín (home-made spirit), 220–1; potato blight of 1840s, 111, 210, 214, 228–9; priorities of Irish state, 247–9, 251–3, 264; rebellions against English overlords, 217, 342; re-evaluation of coastal past, 211–13, 241; the sea in older Irish culture, 208–15; seaboard trade in west, 206–7, 211–13, 230–1; seaboards controlled by Normans and English, 205–6; seaweed harvest, 247; selling off of Atlantic resources, 247–9, 251–3; settlement patterns, 210–11; small boat tradition, 210, 245–6, 247, 287–8; ‘through-otherness’ term, 217–18; underwater territory, 235, 237; urban centres on west coast, 268; War of Independence, 230; whale-hunting in, 276; wildlife and flora, 214–15, 227–8, 235–7, 243–4, 246, 252, 254–6, 265, 271–4, 278–82, 340
Irish Ordnance Survey, 239, 240
Irish Sea, 294, 310–12, 325
Iron Age sites: Broch of Mousa on Havera, 44–5, 47; on Thoraí, 214, 215; Underhoull, 23
iron production, 157–9
Irvine, John, 34
Islay, 198, 204, 208
Jacobite cause, 128–9, 165, 166, 171, 182
Jakobsen, Jakob, 54
James IV, King of Scotland, 100, 157, 173
James VI, King of Scotland, 100
Jamie, Kathleen, 114
jellyfish, 279, 281–2
Johnson, Samuel, 131
Jones, David, The Anathemata (1952), 33, 321
Jones, Peter Hope, 296, 304
Joyce, James, 318
kale, 47
Kantian philosophy, 343
Karvevik (Norway), 134
kayaking: Atlantic waters in changing weather, 40–1, 59–60; choice of routes between waves, 60; clothing for, 35; Dunnett and Adam, 191, 192–7; expedition kayak, 4, 28, 30; ‘Finn-men’, 74, 81; importance of hearing, 21, 83; landing in tourist areas, 292, 311–12, 315, 316; local knowledge as terrifying, 97; at night, 31; off County Mayo, 243–4; Orkney sea crossings, 75–6; overnighting on the water, 335–6; Papa Stour as ‘jewel in the crown’, 38–9; and Tim Robinson’s maps, 261; ‘rogue waves’ in Ireland, 228; rolls, 22, 24; in Shetland tidal runs, 19, 22–3, 32, 36, 49, 50; at Slyne Head, 266–8; technique, 22, 36
Kelly-Gadol, Joan, 189
kelp, 23, 41, 60, 61, 68, 73–4, 88, 100, 112–13, 187, 219, 236
Kennedy-Fraser, Marjory, 94
Kerry coast, 271–2, 276–80
Kilgalligan (County Mayo), 245
Killybegs (Donegal), 210, 230–1
