The Fix Is In, page 37
17 Charles Chandler, “Medical records of ex-Panthers reveal ill effects, multiple refills leading to Super Bowl,” Charlotte Observer, August 27, 2006.
18 “NFLPA to accept HGH testing,” sportsillustrated.cnn.com, January 31, 2008.
19 Romanowski with Schefter and Towle, Romo: My Life on the Edge, 7.
20 Ibid., 7.
CHAPTER 3 GAMBLING
1 Richard O. Davies and Richard G. Abram, Betting the Line: Sports Wagering in American Life (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2001), 2.
2 Ibid., 19.
3 Ibid., 53-54.
4 Dan E. Moldea, Interference: How Organized Crime Influences Professional Football (New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1989), 252-253.
5 Davies and Abram, Betting the Line, 6.
6 Dan Gordon, Beat the Sports Books: An Insider’s Guide to Betting the NFL (New York: Cardoza Publishing, 2005), 33.
7 Ibid., 25.
8 Gregg Easterbrook, “TMQ’s annual Bad Predictions Review,” espn.com, February 10, 2009. sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=easterbrook/090210
9 ESPN.com News Services, “Goodell: ‘We have to educate our players ...’,” espn.com, February 2, 2007. sports.espn.go.com/nfl/playoffs06/news/story?id=2752126
10 Chris Mortensen, Playing for Keeps: How One Man Kept the Mob from Sinking Its Hooks into Pro Football (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991), 171.
11 Ibid., 171.
12 Michael Franzese, Interviewed by Jim Rome, The Jim Rome Show, February 15, 2006.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 Moldea, Interference, 53.
16 Davies and Abram, Betting the Line, 67.
17 Ibid., 72.
18 Biography of Bobby Layne, profootballhof.com. www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PlayerId=126 (accessed October 26, 2009)
19 Moldea, Interference, 84.
20 Hornung, Golden Boy, 151.
21 Moldea, Interference, 91.
22 Alex Karras with Herb Gluck, Even Big Guys Cry (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1977), 162.
23 Ibid., 159-160.
24 Hornung, Golden Boy, 152.
25 Karras with Gluck, Even Big Guys Cry, 160.
26 Ibid., 158.
27 Hornung, Golden Boy, 150.
28 Ibid., 112-113.
29 Ibid., 132.
30 Ibid., 116.
31 Ibid., 157.
32 Moldea, Interference, 85.
33 Ibid., 183.
34 Larry Merchant, The National Football Lottery (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1973), 223-224
35 Davies and Abram, Betting the Line, 113.
36 Robert Cherry, Wilt: Larger than Life (Chicago: Triumph Books, 2004), 14.
37 Armen Keteyian, Harvey Araton, and Martin F. Dardis, Money Players: Days and Nights Inside the New NBA (New York: Pocket Books, 1997), 60.
38 Associated Press, “Thomas is named in betting report,” New York Times, June 17, 1990.
39 Michael Y. Sokolove, Hustle: The Myth, Life, and Lies of Pete Rose (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), 199.
40 Ibid., 206.
41 Ibid., 205.
42 Associated Press, “Investigation found no gambling on baseball,” espn.com, April 26, 2005. sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=2046549
43 David Halberstam, Playing for Keeps: Michael Jordan and the World He Made (New York: Random House, 1999), 317.
44 Keteyian, Araton, and Dardis, Money Players, 191.
45 Ibid., 117.
46 Ibid., 196.
47 Halberstam, Playing for Keeps, 321.
48 Keteyian, Araton, and Dardis, Money Players, 191.
49 Ibid., 196.
50 Michael Leahy, When Nothing Else Matters: Michael Jordan’s Last Comeback (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004), 101.
51 Michael Jordan, Interview on 60 Minutes, October 23, 2005.
52 Freeman, Bloody Sundays, xxvii.
53 Jeremy Roenick, ESPN’s “Outside the Line Nightly,” February 8, 2006.
54 Rick Westhead and Ken Campbell, “Gambling allegations shake hockey world,” Toronto Star, February 8, 2006.
55 ESPN.com News Services, “Coyotes’ Tocchet to be arraigned in 7-10 days,” espn. com, February 9, 2006. sports.espn.go.com/nhl/news/story?id=2323292
56 Ibid.
57 Associated Press, “Tocchet avoids jail, gets two years probation,” espn.com, August 17, 2007. sports.espn.go.com/nhl/news/story?id=2978637
58 Ibid.
59 Chad Brown and Alan Eisenstock, Inside the Meat Grinder: An NFL Official’s Life in the Trenches (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999), 76-77.
60 Associated Press, “Umps angry over background checks,” sportsillustrated.cnn.com, January 30, 2008.
61 Wayne Drehs, “Numbers indicate unlikely outcomes in games Donaghy officiated,” espn.com, July 24, 2007.
62 Ibid.
63 ESPN.com News Service, “Attorney drops bombshell accusations, argues for probation for Donaghy,” espn.com, May 20, 2008. sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=3404607
64 Associated Press, “Disgraced ref’s lawyer says NBA scandal goes much deeper,” afp. google.com, May 20, 2008.
65 ESPN.com News Service, “Attorney drops bombshell accusations, argues for probation for Donaghy,” espn.com, May 20, 2008. sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=3404607
66 Chris Sheridan, “NBA to revamp ref gambling rules; Jackson, Nunn see roles reduced,” espn.com, October 26, 2007. sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=3079309
67 Ibid.
68 Ibid.
69 Stevin Smith, ESPN’s “Outside the Line Nightly,” February 8, 2006.
CHAPTER 4 TELEVISION
1 McMillen, Out of Bounds, 182.
2 Parrish, They Call It a Game, 126.
3 Dan Brown and Jennings Bryant, “Sports Content on U.S. Television,” Handbook of Sports and Media, ed. Arthur A. Raney and Jennings Bryant (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006), 85.
4 Gorman and Calhoun, The Name of the Game, 60.
5 Ibid., 70.
6 McMillen, Out of Bounds, 185.
7 Ibid., 185.
8 Gorman and Calhoun, The Name of the Game, 70.
9 Ibid., 61.
10 Ibid., 82-83.
11 David B. Sullivan, “Broadcast Television and the Game of Packaging Sports,” Handbook of Sports and Media, ed. Arthur A. Raney and Jennings Bryant (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006), 136.
12 Ibid., 136.
13 Ronald Grover, “The NFL’s Big Score,” BusinessWeek.com, November 17, 2004. www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/nov2004/nf20041116_3284_db011.htm
14 Brown and Bryant, Handbook of Sports and Media, 87.
15 Ronald Grover, “The NFL’s Big Score,” BusinessWeek.com, November 17, 2004. www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/nov2004/nf20041116_3284_db011.htm
16 Parrish, They Call It a Game, 122.
17 Keteyian, Araton, and Dardis, Money Players, 233.
18 Associated Press, “Browns sued by TV station after team cuts ties,” espn.com, July 26, 2006. sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2530067
19 “News Broadcasters Slam New NFL Policy,” imdb.com, April 3, 2006. www.imdb.com/news/ni0093419/
20 Ibid.
21 Stephen Dinan and Jerry Seper, “NFL rejects Border Patrol ad,” Washington Times, February 14, 2007.
22 Karras with Gluck, Even Big Guys Cry, 3.
23 Don Weiss with Chuck Day, The Making of the Super Bowl: The Inside Story of the World’s Greatest Sporting Event (Chicago: Contemporary Books, 2003), 15.
24 Ibid., 312.
25 Parrish, They Call It a Game, 111.
26 Davies and Abram, Betting the Line, 46.
27 Leahy, When Nothing Else Matters, 2.
28 Sullivan, Handbook of Sports and Media, 142.
29 Ibid., 142.
30 Ibid., 141.
31 Joe Namath, NFL Network’s “America’s Game: The Super Bowl Champions: The Story of the 1968 Jets.”
32 Canseco, Juiced, 92.
33 Tim Green, The Dark Side of the Game: My Life in the NFL (New York: Warner Books, 1996), 136.
34 Freeman, Bloody Sundays, 107.
CHAPTER 5 THE GREAT HIPPODROME
1 Weiss with Day, The Making of the Super Bowl, 41.
2 Ibid., 100.
3 Ibid., 100.
4 Ibid., 151.
5 Ibid., 157.
6 Bubba Smith and Hal DeWindt, Kill, Bubba, Kill! (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983), 130.
7 Gerry Philbin, NFL Network’s “America’s Game: The Super Bowl Champions: The Story of the 1968 Jets.”
8 Bubba Smith Interview, Playboy, November 1982.
9 Parrish, They Call It a Game, 128.
10 Weiss with Day, The Making of the Super Bowl, 150.
11 Ibid., 167.
MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL
12 Paul D. Staudohar, “The Baseball Strike of 1994-95,” Monthly Labor Review, March, 1997, 26.
13 Canseco, Juiced, 200.
14 Ibid., 180.
15 Ibid., 204.
16 Ibid., 76.
17 Ibid., 199-200.
18 “MLB’s revenue tops $6 billion,” sportsillustrated.cnn.com, November 15, 2007.
NASCAR
19 “Major Crackdown: NASCAR hands down suspension to Waltrip crew chief,” sportsillustrated.cnn.com, February 15, 2005.
20 David Newton, “Waltrip still reeling from Daytona debacle,” espn.com, July, 6, 2007. sports.espn.go.com/rpm/columns/story?seriesId=2&columnist=loombdavid&id=2927946
21 Mark Ashenfelter, “Nationwide teams irked by alleged Gibbs Racing team’s cheating,” espn.com, August 17, 2008. sports.espn.go.com/rpm/nascar/nationwide/news/story?id=3539659
22 “Major Crackdown: NASCAR hands down suspension to Waltrip crew chief,” sportsillustrated.cnn.com, February 15, 2005.
23 Robert Lipsyte, “‘The Call’ is answered in Earnhardt’s Pepsi 400 victory,” New York Times, July 9, 2001.
24 Bob Zeller, “Is NASCAR tinkering around?” Virginian Pilot, February 19, 1995.
25 Dave Rodman, “Dale Jr. wins emotional Pepsi 400,” nascar.com, July 9, 2001. www.nascar.com/2001/NEWS/07/07/junior_wins/index.html
26 Robert Lipsyte, “’The Call’ is answered in Earnhardt’s Pepsi 400 victory,” New York Times, July 9, 2001.
27 Associated Press, “Skeptics question Junior’s win,” abcnews.go.com, July 9, 2001.
28 Dave Rodman, “Dale Jr. wins emotional Pepsi 400,” nascar.com, July 9, 2001. www.nascar.com/2001/NEWS/07/07/junior_wins/index.html
29 Jenna Fryer, “Stewart likens NASCAR to wrestling,” sportsillustrated.cnn.com, April 25, 2007.
30 Ibid.
31 Ibid.
THE NATIONAL BASKETBALL ASSOCIATION
32 Percy Allen, “Well, maybe your team should just tank it,” Seattle Times, April 5, 2007.
33 Associated Press, “Timberwolves assured lottery pick with loss to Grizzlies,” espn. com, April 19, 2007. proxy.espn.go.com/nba/recap?gameId=270418016
34 Associated Press, “Wolves’ Owner Taylor feels Garnett ‘tanked’ end of last season,” March 18, 2008.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
37 Adrian Wojnarowski, “Boston’s empty ‘tank’,” yahoo.sports.com, January 30, 2007. ca.sports.yahoo.com/nba/news?slug=aw-celtics013007&prov=yhoo&type=lgns
38 David Stern, CBS Sports Broadcast of 1985 NBA Draft Lottery, June 18, 1985.
39 Pat O’Brien, CBS Sports Broadcast of 1985 NBA Draft Lottery, June 18, 1985.
40 Keteyian, Araton, and Dardis, Money Players, 61.
41 Ibid., 8.
42 Ibid., 173.
43 Ibid., 185.
44 Ibid., 7.
THE NATIONAL HOCKEY LEAGUE
45 “The truth behind Gretzky’s L.A. trade,” cbc.ca, video original broadcast date August 10, 1988. archives.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/clips/6209/
46 Scott Morrison, “Wayne Gretzky traded…California here he comes,” Toronto Sun, August 10, 1988.
47 Ibid.
THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE
48 Richard Sandomir, “Parity in the N.F.L. is good for ratings,” New York Times, December 17, 2002.
49 Ibid.
50 Ibid.
51 Thomas George, “NFL entry fee is set at $140 million,” New York Times, May 26, 1993.
52 R. David Read, “Restoring the Superdome,” Sound & Communications, Vol. 52, No. 11, November 20, 2006.
53 “Take that, Katrina: Triumphant homecoming for Saints, Superdome,” espn.com, September 26, 2006. espn.go.com/nfl/recap?gameId=260925018
54 Ibid.
55 Aaron Kuriloff and Erik Matuszewski, “NFL Broadcast Ratings Rise as Patriots’ Perfect Year Lures Fans,” Bloomberg.com, December 21, 2007. www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601079&refer=&sid=aNMPlyNWp8B0
56 Ibid.
57 “Despite player concerns, NFL backs refs during controversial Pats-Ravens game,” espn.com, December 7, 2007.
58 Aaron Kuriloff and Erik Matuszewski, “NFL Broadcast Ratings Rise as Patriots’ Perfect Year Lures Fans,” Bloomberg.com, December 21, 2007. www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601079&refer=&sid=aNMPlyNWp8B0
59 Ibid.
60 Michael Silver, “Special…Delivery,” time.com, December 26, 2001. www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,189912,00.html
61 William Morrow, Patriot Reign: Bill Belichick, the Coaches, and the Players Who Built a Champion (It Books, 2005), 240.
62 Bob McGinn, “That defeat still hurts,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, January 31, 2008.
63 Ibid.
64 Brad Biggs, “Holmgren still explaining ‘concession’ touchdown,” Chicago Sun-Times , February 4, 2006.
65 Bob McGinn, “That defeat still hurts,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, January 31, 2008.
66 Bill Pennington, “Super Bowl XXXII Notebook: Surprised by Strategy,” New York Times, January 27, 1998.
67 Ibid.
68 Mike Freeman, “Super Bowl XXXIII; Robinson’s Arrest Looms Larger After the Falcons’ Defeat,” New York Times, February 2, 1999.
69 “Sorrowful Time,” sportsillustrated.cnn.com, February 1, 1999.
70 CBC News, “Music City Miracle gives Titans win over Bills,” cbc.ca, December 20, 2000. www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2000/12/20/titans000108.html
71 “Titans stun Bills in miracle finish,” espn.com, January 8, 2000.
72 Peter Lawrence-Riddell, “Controversy thrives in Patriots-Raiders encounters,” espn. com, January 19, 2002. a.espncdn.com/nfl/playoffs01/s/2002/0119/1314426.html
73 Ibid.
74 Ibid.
75 Romanowski with Schefter and Towle, Romo: My Life on the Edge, 253.
76 Ibid., 253.
77 Freeman, Bloody Sundays, 60.
78 Frank Litsky, “McNabb Said to be Ill at End of the Super Bowl,” New York Times, February 9, 2005.
79 Greg Bishop and Michael Brick, “In Cat and Mouse Game, Patriots Are Central Players,” New York Times, May 11, 2008.
80 Associated Press, “Opinions on Pats tactics mixed among holdovers from Eagles’ NFC title team,” espn.com, September 13, 2007. sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3017964
81 Ibid.
82 Ibid.
83 ESPN.com News Service, “Senator wants to know why NFL destroyed Patriots spy tapes,” espn.com, February 2, 2008. sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3225539
84 John Clayton, “Walsh, NFL still haven’t worked out deal for Spygate testimony,” espn.com, April 1, 2008. sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3322568
85 Len Pasquarelli, “NFL will review Holmgren comments,” espn.com, February 8, 2006. sports.espn.go.com/nfl/playoffs05/news/story?id=
86 Associated Press, “NFL says Super Bowl ‘properly officiated’,” espn.com, February 8, 2006. sports.espn.go.com/nfl/playoffs05/news/story?id=
87 Ibid.
88 Len Pasquarelli, “NFL will review Holmgren comments,” espn.com, February 8, 2006. sports.espn.go.com/nfl/playoffs05/news/story?id=2322700
89 Associated Press, “Holmgren still feeling Super Bowl pain,” foxsports.com, March 30, 2006.
SOURCES
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