Joseph E. Persico, page 62
“Dear Caesar”: PSF Box 72.
“this infernal counterespionage… .”: Adolf Berle Papers, Box 211, FDRL.
This time the FBI: Theoharis, p. 200.
“a carefully measured appearance… .”: Brian Loring Villa, “The Atomic Bomb and the Normandy Invasion,” Perspectives in American History 2 (1977–78), p. 465.
The objective of German diplomacy: Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors, pp. 22–23; Robert Edwin Herzstein, Roosevelt & Hitler, p. 333.
“today relies far more… .”: Herzstein, p. 337.
Boetticher had been in Washington: David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War, pp. 33–34.
Boetticher’s deliberate revelation: Alfred M. Beck, “The Ambivalent Attaché: Friedrich von Boetticher in America, 1933–1941” (Ph.D. diss., Georgetown University, 1977), pp. 276–80.
“a careful record be had …”: Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes, p. 356.
“The Germans desire to make peace… .”: ibid.
“Naturally, any information… .”: ibid.
Yet, he did manage: ibid., pp. 369–71.
“no wish to be a candidate again… .”: Goodwin, p. 125.
After Nazi storm troopers smashed: Thompson, p. 199.
“American mothers, wage-earners …”: Farago, pp. 381–89.
Ostensibly, the ad: ibid.
“Willkie’s nomination is unfortunate… .”: ibid., p. 381.
“after lengthy negotiations… .”: ibid., pp. 378–79; NYT, July 23, 1997.
These tracts: Farago, p. 385.
“[A]ny old-time politician… .”: Goodwin, p. 186.
“The first number… .”: ibid.
“If we’re attacked… .”: Thompson, p. 275.
“Now this Mitsunaga fella… .”: Doyle, pp. 33–34.
“With all their technical imperfections… .”: ibid., p. 11.
“The supreme law… .”: NYT, July 23, 1997.
chapter iv: spymaster in the oval office
He enjoyed Roosevelt’s trust: Jeffrey M. Dorwart, “The Roosevelt-Astor Espionage Ring,” New York History, vol. 62, no. 3 (July 1981), p. 318.
“British intelligence in this area… .”: PSF Box 12.
“his government was preparing… .”: PSF Box 82.
“It seems to me… .”: PSF Box 92.
He turned Astor down: Christopher Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, p. 93.
Confidential correspondence: Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover, p. 265.
“In regard to the opening… .”: PSF Box 92.
“We will be making a great mistake… .”: Andrew, p. 98.
“Knowing your affection… .”: Mrs. Johnson to FDR, PSF Box 92.
The President told Missy LeHand: PSF Box 92.
“The story about the theft… .”: Astor to FDR, PSF Box 92.
Could the President instruct Stark …?: PSF Box 52.
“I simply wanted you to know… .”: PSF Box 40; Thomas F. Troy, The Coordinator of Information and British Intelligence, p. 174.
“Astor must have a job… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 177.
His successor was: Andrew, p. 93.
He settled in Britain: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen, Spy Book, pp. 535–36.
His mission was to protect: Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 22.
“very tough, very rich… .”: Toronto Globe and Mail, Jan. 16, 1999.
“broken-down boarding house”: Andrew, p. 94.
The truth is rather: Nigel West, A Thread of Deceit, p. 131.
Late in 1940: Dorwart, Conflict of Duty, p. 123.
During the years of peace: Phillip Knightley, The Second Oldest Profession, p. 212.
In this position: Troy, Wild Bill and Intrepid, pp. 102–103; Dorwart, Conflict of Duty, p. 123.
“As Area Controller… .”: PPF Box 40.
His authority had been: Troy, Donovan and the CIA, p. 49.
“number one man”: PSF Box 92.
“Dear Mr. President, One might suppose… .”: ibid.
“I have reported… .”: ibid.
“You’re going to be elected… .”: John Franklin Carter Oral History, p. 2, FDRL.
“brilliant, cynical, occasionally cockeyed… .”: Ernest B. Furgurson, “Back Channels,” Washingtonian, vol. 31 (June 1996).
“pretty well loused up… .”: Carter Oral History, p. 8.
The President was aware: Nathan Miller, Spying for America, p. 236.
“Techniques for gathering information… .”: ibid.
Its members worked: Furgurson.
And FDR grasped: Dorwart, Conflict of Duty, p. 168.
“The overall condition was attached… .”: The Year of Crisis, John Franklin Carter Papers, April 14, 1945.
State was then to finance: Adolf Berle Papers, Box 57, FDRL.
“Jay Franklin (J.F. Carter) came in… .”: ibid.
Besides collecting intelligence: PSF Box 97.
It would no doubt: ibid.
Carter’s operatives: Berle Papers, Box 57.
Thus he wore: Robert Thompson, A Time for War, p. 202.
“If you will stop shipping… .”: John Morton Blum, Years of Urgency, 1938–1941: From the Morgenthau Diaries, pp. 349–50.
“breath … taken away… .”: ibid.
“[T]his thing might give us… .”: ibid., p. 350.
“By all means, they are great guys.”: ibid.
“… [H]e [FDR] has mentioned it… .”: ibid., p. 366.
“burn out the industrial heart… .”: Thompson, p. 287.
“Well, his asking for 500 planes… .”: ibid.
“Is he still willing to fight?”: Blum, Years of Urgency, p. 367.
“This would give us a chance… .”: ibid., p. 366.
“The four of you… .”: ibid., p. 367.
“As war administrator… .”: William Doyle, Inside the Oval Office, p. 9; James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox, pp. 83–84.
The U.S. Army Air Corps: Thompson, p. 289.
“to try to get… .”: Blum, Years of Urgency, p. 368.
FDR unhesitatingly approved: Sykes Main Page, “The Flying Tigers,” pp. 1–3 (Internet).
Magruder came back: Roger J. Sandilands, The Life and Political Economy of Lauchlin Currie, pp. 114–15.
chapter v: the defeatist and the defiant
When that effort failed: Robert Thompson, A Time for War, p. 264.
“[F]rankly, if your proposal… .”: Thomas F. Troy, Wild Bill and Intrepid, p. 25.
“fiendish memory”: Frank Friedl interview with Admiral William Leahy, May 24, 1948, FDRL.
His rejection: Nathan Miller, Spying for America, p. 240.
“I fear that to put… .”: Troy, Wild Bill, p. 25.
“That you took the time… .”: PPF Box 6558.
He named another Republican: Troy, The Coordinator of Information and British Intelligence, p. 16.
On July 9: Troy, Wild Bill, pp. 46–47.
Over a quarter-million: H. Montgomery Hyde, Room 3603, p. 72.
But on a single day: Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 21.
There was no point: ibid., p. 33.
“a wave of pessimism… .”: Christopher Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, p. 95.
“We would appreciate… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 57.
“the height of nonsense”: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 34.
“We are already making… .”: Troy, Wild Bill, p. 49.
“Please take this up… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 58; Troy, Wild Bill, p. 49.
Donovan was a man: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 34.
“Stay where you are… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 43.
When he learned: Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero, p. 148; Troy, Wild Bill, p. 41.
On the morning of July 15: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 155.
On reaching London: Thompson, p. 262.
“FRENCH SIGN PEACE TREATY… .”: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 14.
The American-born Lady Astor: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 64.
“There is at the present moment… .”: ibid., p. 65.
“I am happy to tell you that Winston… .”: ibid., p. 67.
Donovan’s most prophetic: ibid., p. 68.
“hard as granite… .”: Phillip Knightley, The Second Oldest Profession, p. 112.
Menzies had been alerted: F. W. Winterbotham, The Ultra Secret, p. 30.
That he received more than a cursory: Thompson, p. 263; Brown, The Last Hero, p. 150.
The Royal Air Force: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 72.
“was to discover… .”: Thompson, p. 263.
“so he can tell me… .”: Troy, Wild Bill, p. 57.
He painted a picture: ibid.
Donovan continued to tell the President: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 150.
He had a recommendation: Thompson, p. 263; Andrew, p. 95.
Through their own sources: Hyde, p. 40.
“President has sanctioned… .”: ibid.
Churchill had begged: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 150.
Donovan began lobbying: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, pp. 37–38; Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, p. 142.
“He couldn’t keep his mouth shut… .”: Irwin F. Gellman, Secret Affairs, pp. 102, 172.
Two years and nine months: Richard J. Whalen, The Founding Father, pp. 327–32.
“I wouldn’t say no… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 85.
“I intend to go… .”: ibid.
There the President cheerily: Fulton Oursler Jr., “Secret Treason,” American Heritage, December 1991, p. 61.
Murray, the Outlaw: Grace Tully, F.D.R., My Boss, p. 128; Suckley, Binder 4, p. RB11.
Oursler had scored: Oursler, pp. 55–58.
The high point: Philip Ziegler, King Edward VIII: The Official Biography, pp. 391–92.
His presence in England: Michael Bloch, Operation Willi: The Plot to Kidnap the Duke of Windsor, p. 4.
“The position of the Duke… .”: Warren F. Kimball, Churchill & Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence, pp. 52, 53.
“out of Hitler’s grasp”: Bloch, p. 4.
Prior to leaving: Paul R. Sweet, “The Windsor File,” Historian, Winter 1997, pp. 263–80.
Churchill, his patience stretched: Bloch, p. 4.
He once confided: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 603.
He considered it: Goodwin, pp. 73, 191, 192.
“Windsor is completely insignificant looking… .”: Suckley, Binder 8, p. 166.
“Mr. President,” Oursler said: Oursler, p. 61.
“[I]t would be a tragic thing… .”: ibid., p. 58.
“Do you suppose that …?”: ibid.
“Would you enter into …?”: ibid., p. 60.
“Fulton,” he said: ibid., p. 61.
“He could barely listen… .”: ibid., p. 62.
“Why don’t you just be …?”: ibid.
“You know your father was… .”: ibid.
“Everyday from the offices… .”: ibid.
“Now I have nothing to prove… .”: ibid., p. 64.
“You cannot kill eighty million… .”: Ziegler, p. 460.
Nearly a year later: Tully, p. 325; Day-by-Day, Oct. 28, 1941.
“Britain has virtually lost the war… .”: Sweet, p. 280.
chapter vi: “there is no u.s. secret intelligence service”
“asked me if I would go… .”: Thomas F. Troy, The Coordinator of Information and British Intelligence, p. 119.
Supporting this explanation: ibid., p. 127.
In pursuit of his assignment: Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 41.
“[Colonel Stewart Menzies] tells me that Mr. Stephenson… .”: Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero, p. 152.
On the night before: ibid.
“taken fully into our confidence”: Christopher Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, p. 96.
“great influence with the President”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 153.
As he settled in: Andrew, p. 97; Brown, The Last Hero, p. 155.
“It was Donovan who was… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 127.
“I must thank you… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 155.
Hopkins, the onetime social worker: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 203.
Still, Donovan managed to report: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 183.
“Disputes were settled… .”: Andrew, p. 97.
FDR had confused the code names: ibid.
“the toughest division… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 160.
“the British government gathers… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 191.
“some one appointed by the President… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 161.
“take over the home duties …”: ibid.
“sole charge of intelligence… .”: ibid.
During the cabinet meeting: Troy, Wild Bill and Intrepid, p. 115.
Miles’s riposte was swift: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 159.
“In great confidence… .”: Andrew, p. 97.
Along with Little Bill Stephenson: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 163.
In late May: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 215.
“Even the more senior U.S. Navy… .”: Andrew, pp. 98–99.
“These three departments… .”: ibid., p. 99.
“There is no U.S. Secret Intelligence Service… .”: ibid.
Godrey agreed with those Americans.: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 160.
“On this tenth day… .”: Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, p. 68.
“I wondered about the Italian vote… .”: ibid.
“With this speech… .”: ibid., p. 69.
Its productive capacity: ibid., p. 23.
“Dear Mr. President (Cousin Franklin)… .”: PSF Box 38.
“The moment approaches… .”: Goodwin, pp. 192–93.
“I began to get the idea… .”: ibid., p. 193.
“could not keep… .”: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 58.
“a very long day at the White House”: Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War, p. 368.
Roosevelt feared that: ibid., p. 369; Irwin F. Gellman, Secret Affairs, p. 253.
“He is trying to see… .”: Stimson and Bundy, p. 369.
Soon after the meeting: Gellman, p. 251.
“When we were squidging… .”: Small Collections, Lunny/Leahy, FDRL.
“principally a defensive measure”: Stimson and Bundy, p. 368.
“But you are not going… .”: ibid., p. 369.
“He seems to be trying… .”: ibid.
“Now this is a patrol… .”: Gellman, p. 254.
Indeed, when a month after: ibid., p. 255.
“Should he order …?”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 162.
The Roosevelt voice: Sherwood, pp. 297–98; Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief, p. 56.
“[W]hat started as a European war… .”: Larrabee, pp. 56–57.
“seven hours distance… .”: ibid., p. 56.
The President shared: David Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, p. 228.
“The blunt truth is this… .”: Samuel I. Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 285.
“Our patrols are helping… .”: Sherwood, p. 298.
That stage was over.: ibid., p. 296.
“an unlimited national emergency… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 162.
“The President was able… .”: Rosenman, p. 355.
“They’re ninety-five per cent… .”: Sherwood, p. 298.
To the admiral, whose association: Gellman, p. 255.
Nevertheless, FDR continued: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 162.
Thereafter, the admiral was invited: ibid., p. 163.
“Memorandum of Establishment …”: Andrew, p. 99; Troy, The Coordinator, p. 215.
“Strategy, without information… .”: William J. Donovan to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Memorandum of Establishment of Service of Strategic Information,” June 10, 1941, pp. 1–6, FDRL.
“[T]here is another element… .”: ibid., p. 5.
Donovan was later to claim: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 66; Troy, Wild Bill, p. 122.
“I am getting to be… .”: Troy, Wild Bill, p. 123.
In 1932, Donovan had been: Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover, p. 266.
“would almost certainly pull my leg… .”: Andrew, p. 99.
“Oh yes, those West Indies… .”: ibid.
“mustered up the semblance of a laugh”: ibid.
“Hall had a wonderful intelligence service… .”: ibid., p. 100.
“one intelligence security boss… .”: ibid.
“This would be a full time job… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 209.
“I want to have him give… .”: ibid., p. 217.
After leaving the White House: ibid., p. 220.
“JBJr. Please set this up… .”: Troy, Wild Bill, p. 130.
They compromised finally: POF Box 4485.
However, they said, he could use: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 221.
“undertake activities helpful… .”: POF Box 4485.
“It is sufficient to say… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 219.
Donovan, unconvincingly, wanted: Troy, Wild Bill, p. 121.
“assembling and correlating… .”: POF Box 4485.
Guesses by journalists: Brown, The Last Hero, pp. 165–66.
“power to visualize… .”: Nathan Miller, Spying for America, p. 243.
The two men differed: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 32.
“Donovan saw President today… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 220.
“[A] most secret fact… .”: Andrew, p. 101; Troy, Wild Bill, p. 133; Brown, p. 166.
He had been born to first-generation: Corey Ford, Donovan of OSS, pp. 13–14.
“He had read the inscription… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 19.
At the end of his third year: Ford, pp. 18–19.
He did not cut much: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 21.
“The Awakening of Japan”: Ford, p. 19; Brown, The Last Hero, pp. 19–20.
Franklin Roosevelt had indeed: Ford, p. 20.
The unit, christened: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 26.
He was a leader: Ford, p. 23; Brown, The Last Hero, pp. 28–29.
Less than a month later: Ford, p. 23; Brown, The Last Hero, pp. 37–78.
The 69th Regiment: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 52.
He was awarded: ibid., pp. 54–56.
“Wild Bill is… .”: ibid., p. 56.
“Look at me… .”: Ford, pp. 11–12.
On October 19: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 62.
“They can’t get me… .”: ibid., p. 63.
“this infernal counterespionage… .”: Adolf Berle Papers, Box 211, FDRL.
This time the FBI: Theoharis, p. 200.
“a carefully measured appearance… .”: Brian Loring Villa, “The Atomic Bomb and the Normandy Invasion,” Perspectives in American History 2 (1977–78), p. 465.
The objective of German diplomacy: Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors, pp. 22–23; Robert Edwin Herzstein, Roosevelt & Hitler, p. 333.
“today relies far more… .”: Herzstein, p. 337.
Boetticher had been in Washington: David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War, pp. 33–34.
Boetticher’s deliberate revelation: Alfred M. Beck, “The Ambivalent Attaché: Friedrich von Boetticher in America, 1933–1941” (Ph.D. diss., Georgetown University, 1977), pp. 276–80.
“a careful record be had …”: Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes, p. 356.
“The Germans desire to make peace… .”: ibid.
“Naturally, any information… .”: ibid.
Yet, he did manage: ibid., pp. 369–71.
“no wish to be a candidate again… .”: Goodwin, p. 125.
After Nazi storm troopers smashed: Thompson, p. 199.
“American mothers, wage-earners …”: Farago, pp. 381–89.
Ostensibly, the ad: ibid.
“Willkie’s nomination is unfortunate… .”: ibid., p. 381.
“after lengthy negotiations… .”: ibid., pp. 378–79; NYT, July 23, 1997.
These tracts: Farago, p. 385.
“[A]ny old-time politician… .”: Goodwin, p. 186.
“The first number… .”: ibid.
“If we’re attacked… .”: Thompson, p. 275.
“Now this Mitsunaga fella… .”: Doyle, pp. 33–34.
“With all their technical imperfections… .”: ibid., p. 11.
“The supreme law… .”: NYT, July 23, 1997.
chapter iv: spymaster in the oval office
He enjoyed Roosevelt’s trust: Jeffrey M. Dorwart, “The Roosevelt-Astor Espionage Ring,” New York History, vol. 62, no. 3 (July 1981), p. 318.
“British intelligence in this area… .”: PSF Box 12.
“his government was preparing… .”: PSF Box 82.
“It seems to me… .”: PSF Box 92.
He turned Astor down: Christopher Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, p. 93.
Confidential correspondence: Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover, p. 265.
“In regard to the opening… .”: PSF Box 92.
“We will be making a great mistake… .”: Andrew, p. 98.
“Knowing your affection… .”: Mrs. Johnson to FDR, PSF Box 92.
The President told Missy LeHand: PSF Box 92.
“The story about the theft… .”: Astor to FDR, PSF Box 92.
Could the President instruct Stark …?: PSF Box 52.
“I simply wanted you to know… .”: PSF Box 40; Thomas F. Troy, The Coordinator of Information and British Intelligence, p. 174.
“Astor must have a job… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 177.
His successor was: Andrew, p. 93.
He settled in Britain: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen, Spy Book, pp. 535–36.
His mission was to protect: Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 22.
“very tough, very rich… .”: Toronto Globe and Mail, Jan. 16, 1999.
“broken-down boarding house”: Andrew, p. 94.
The truth is rather: Nigel West, A Thread of Deceit, p. 131.
Late in 1940: Dorwart, Conflict of Duty, p. 123.
During the years of peace: Phillip Knightley, The Second Oldest Profession, p. 212.
In this position: Troy, Wild Bill and Intrepid, pp. 102–103; Dorwart, Conflict of Duty, p. 123.
“As Area Controller… .”: PPF Box 40.
His authority had been: Troy, Donovan and the CIA, p. 49.
“number one man”: PSF Box 92.
“Dear Mr. President, One might suppose… .”: ibid.
“I have reported… .”: ibid.
“You’re going to be elected… .”: John Franklin Carter Oral History, p. 2, FDRL.
“brilliant, cynical, occasionally cockeyed… .”: Ernest B. Furgurson, “Back Channels,” Washingtonian, vol. 31 (June 1996).
“pretty well loused up… .”: Carter Oral History, p. 8.
The President was aware: Nathan Miller, Spying for America, p. 236.
“Techniques for gathering information… .”: ibid.
Its members worked: Furgurson.
And FDR grasped: Dorwart, Conflict of Duty, p. 168.
“The overall condition was attached… .”: The Year of Crisis, John Franklin Carter Papers, April 14, 1945.
State was then to finance: Adolf Berle Papers, Box 57, FDRL.
“Jay Franklin (J.F. Carter) came in… .”: ibid.
Besides collecting intelligence: PSF Box 97.
It would no doubt: ibid.
Carter’s operatives: Berle Papers, Box 57.
Thus he wore: Robert Thompson, A Time for War, p. 202.
“If you will stop shipping… .”: John Morton Blum, Years of Urgency, 1938–1941: From the Morgenthau Diaries, pp. 349–50.
“breath … taken away… .”: ibid.
“[T]his thing might give us… .”: ibid., p. 350.
“By all means, they are great guys.”: ibid.
“… [H]e [FDR] has mentioned it… .”: ibid., p. 366.
“burn out the industrial heart… .”: Thompson, p. 287.
“Well, his asking for 500 planes… .”: ibid.
“Is he still willing to fight?”: Blum, Years of Urgency, p. 367.
“This would give us a chance… .”: ibid., p. 366.
“The four of you… .”: ibid., p. 367.
“As war administrator… .”: William Doyle, Inside the Oval Office, p. 9; James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox, pp. 83–84.
The U.S. Army Air Corps: Thompson, p. 289.
“to try to get… .”: Blum, Years of Urgency, p. 368.
FDR unhesitatingly approved: Sykes Main Page, “The Flying Tigers,” pp. 1–3 (Internet).
Magruder came back: Roger J. Sandilands, The Life and Political Economy of Lauchlin Currie, pp. 114–15.
chapter v: the defeatist and the defiant
When that effort failed: Robert Thompson, A Time for War, p. 264.
“[F]rankly, if your proposal… .”: Thomas F. Troy, Wild Bill and Intrepid, p. 25.
“fiendish memory”: Frank Friedl interview with Admiral William Leahy, May 24, 1948, FDRL.
His rejection: Nathan Miller, Spying for America, p. 240.
“I fear that to put… .”: Troy, Wild Bill, p. 25.
“That you took the time… .”: PPF Box 6558.
He named another Republican: Troy, The Coordinator of Information and British Intelligence, p. 16.
On July 9: Troy, Wild Bill, pp. 46–47.
Over a quarter-million: H. Montgomery Hyde, Room 3603, p. 72.
But on a single day: Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 21.
There was no point: ibid., p. 33.
“a wave of pessimism… .”: Christopher Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, p. 95.
“We would appreciate… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 57.
“the height of nonsense”: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 34.
“We are already making… .”: Troy, Wild Bill, p. 49.
“Please take this up… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 58; Troy, Wild Bill, p. 49.
Donovan was a man: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 34.
“Stay where you are… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 43.
When he learned: Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero, p. 148; Troy, Wild Bill, p. 41.
On the morning of July 15: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 155.
On reaching London: Thompson, p. 262.
“FRENCH SIGN PEACE TREATY… .”: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 14.
The American-born Lady Astor: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 64.
“There is at the present moment… .”: ibid., p. 65.
“I am happy to tell you that Winston… .”: ibid., p. 67.
Donovan’s most prophetic: ibid., p. 68.
“hard as granite… .”: Phillip Knightley, The Second Oldest Profession, p. 112.
Menzies had been alerted: F. W. Winterbotham, The Ultra Secret, p. 30.
That he received more than a cursory: Thompson, p. 263; Brown, The Last Hero, p. 150.
The Royal Air Force: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 72.
“was to discover… .”: Thompson, p. 263.
“so he can tell me… .”: Troy, Wild Bill, p. 57.
He painted a picture: ibid.
Donovan continued to tell the President: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 150.
He had a recommendation: Thompson, p. 263; Andrew, p. 95.
Through their own sources: Hyde, p. 40.
“President has sanctioned… .”: ibid.
Churchill had begged: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 150.
Donovan began lobbying: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, pp. 37–38; Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, p. 142.
“He couldn’t keep his mouth shut… .”: Irwin F. Gellman, Secret Affairs, pp. 102, 172.
Two years and nine months: Richard J. Whalen, The Founding Father, pp. 327–32.
“I wouldn’t say no… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 85.
“I intend to go… .”: ibid.
There the President cheerily: Fulton Oursler Jr., “Secret Treason,” American Heritage, December 1991, p. 61.
Murray, the Outlaw: Grace Tully, F.D.R., My Boss, p. 128; Suckley, Binder 4, p. RB11.
Oursler had scored: Oursler, pp. 55–58.
The high point: Philip Ziegler, King Edward VIII: The Official Biography, pp. 391–92.
His presence in England: Michael Bloch, Operation Willi: The Plot to Kidnap the Duke of Windsor, p. 4.
“The position of the Duke… .”: Warren F. Kimball, Churchill & Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence, pp. 52, 53.
“out of Hitler’s grasp”: Bloch, p. 4.
Prior to leaving: Paul R. Sweet, “The Windsor File,” Historian, Winter 1997, pp. 263–80.
Churchill, his patience stretched: Bloch, p. 4.
He once confided: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 603.
He considered it: Goodwin, pp. 73, 191, 192.
“Windsor is completely insignificant looking… .”: Suckley, Binder 8, p. 166.
“Mr. President,” Oursler said: Oursler, p. 61.
“[I]t would be a tragic thing… .”: ibid., p. 58.
“Do you suppose that …?”: ibid.
“Would you enter into …?”: ibid., p. 60.
“Fulton,” he said: ibid., p. 61.
“He could barely listen… .”: ibid., p. 62.
“Why don’t you just be …?”: ibid.
“You know your father was… .”: ibid.
“Everyday from the offices… .”: ibid.
“Now I have nothing to prove… .”: ibid., p. 64.
“You cannot kill eighty million… .”: Ziegler, p. 460.
Nearly a year later: Tully, p. 325; Day-by-Day, Oct. 28, 1941.
“Britain has virtually lost the war… .”: Sweet, p. 280.
chapter vi: “there is no u.s. secret intelligence service”
“asked me if I would go… .”: Thomas F. Troy, The Coordinator of Information and British Intelligence, p. 119.
Supporting this explanation: ibid., p. 127.
In pursuit of his assignment: Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 41.
“[Colonel Stewart Menzies] tells me that Mr. Stephenson… .”: Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero, p. 152.
On the night before: ibid.
“taken fully into our confidence”: Christopher Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, p. 96.
“great influence with the President”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 153.
As he settled in: Andrew, p. 97; Brown, The Last Hero, p. 155.
“It was Donovan who was… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 127.
“I must thank you… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 155.
Hopkins, the onetime social worker: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 203.
Still, Donovan managed to report: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 183.
“Disputes were settled… .”: Andrew, p. 97.
FDR had confused the code names: ibid.
“the toughest division… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 160.
“the British government gathers… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 191.
“some one appointed by the President… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 161.
“take over the home duties …”: ibid.
“sole charge of intelligence… .”: ibid.
During the cabinet meeting: Troy, Wild Bill and Intrepid, p. 115.
Miles’s riposte was swift: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 159.
“In great confidence… .”: Andrew, p. 97.
Along with Little Bill Stephenson: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 163.
In late May: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 215.
“Even the more senior U.S. Navy… .”: Andrew, pp. 98–99.
“These three departments… .”: ibid., p. 99.
“There is no U.S. Secret Intelligence Service… .”: ibid.
Godrey agreed with those Americans.: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 160.
“On this tenth day… .”: Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, p. 68.
“I wondered about the Italian vote… .”: ibid.
“With this speech… .”: ibid., p. 69.
Its productive capacity: ibid., p. 23.
“Dear Mr. President (Cousin Franklin)… .”: PSF Box 38.
“The moment approaches… .”: Goodwin, pp. 192–93.
“I began to get the idea… .”: ibid., p. 193.
“could not keep… .”: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 58.
“a very long day at the White House”: Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War, p. 368.
Roosevelt feared that: ibid., p. 369; Irwin F. Gellman, Secret Affairs, p. 253.
“He is trying to see… .”: Stimson and Bundy, p. 369.
Soon after the meeting: Gellman, p. 251.
“When we were squidging… .”: Small Collections, Lunny/Leahy, FDRL.
“principally a defensive measure”: Stimson and Bundy, p. 368.
“But you are not going… .”: ibid., p. 369.
“He seems to be trying… .”: ibid.
“Now this is a patrol… .”: Gellman, p. 254.
Indeed, when a month after: ibid., p. 255.
“Should he order …?”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 162.
The Roosevelt voice: Sherwood, pp. 297–98; Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief, p. 56.
“[W]hat started as a European war… .”: Larrabee, pp. 56–57.
“seven hours distance… .”: ibid., p. 56.
The President shared: David Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, p. 228.
“The blunt truth is this… .”: Samuel I. Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 285.
“Our patrols are helping… .”: Sherwood, p. 298.
That stage was over.: ibid., p. 296.
“an unlimited national emergency… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 162.
“The President was able… .”: Rosenman, p. 355.
“They’re ninety-five per cent… .”: Sherwood, p. 298.
To the admiral, whose association: Gellman, p. 255.
Nevertheless, FDR continued: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 162.
Thereafter, the admiral was invited: ibid., p. 163.
“Memorandum of Establishment …”: Andrew, p. 99; Troy, The Coordinator, p. 215.
“Strategy, without information… .”: William J. Donovan to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Memorandum of Establishment of Service of Strategic Information,” June 10, 1941, pp. 1–6, FDRL.
“[T]here is another element… .”: ibid., p. 5.
Donovan was later to claim: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 66; Troy, Wild Bill, p. 122.
“I am getting to be… .”: Troy, Wild Bill, p. 123.
In 1932, Donovan had been: Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover, p. 266.
“would almost certainly pull my leg… .”: Andrew, p. 99.
“Oh yes, those West Indies… .”: ibid.
“mustered up the semblance of a laugh”: ibid.
“Hall had a wonderful intelligence service… .”: ibid., p. 100.
“one intelligence security boss… .”: ibid.
“This would be a full time job… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 209.
“I want to have him give… .”: ibid., p. 217.
After leaving the White House: ibid., p. 220.
“JBJr. Please set this up… .”: Troy, Wild Bill, p. 130.
They compromised finally: POF Box 4485.
However, they said, he could use: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 221.
“undertake activities helpful… .”: POF Box 4485.
“It is sufficient to say… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 219.
Donovan, unconvincingly, wanted: Troy, Wild Bill, p. 121.
“assembling and correlating… .”: POF Box 4485.
Guesses by journalists: Brown, The Last Hero, pp. 165–66.
“power to visualize… .”: Nathan Miller, Spying for America, p. 243.
The two men differed: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 32.
“Donovan saw President today… .”: Troy, The Coordinator, p. 220.
“[A] most secret fact… .”: Andrew, p. 101; Troy, Wild Bill, p. 133; Brown, p. 166.
He had been born to first-generation: Corey Ford, Donovan of OSS, pp. 13–14.
“He had read the inscription… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 19.
At the end of his third year: Ford, pp. 18–19.
He did not cut much: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 21.
“The Awakening of Japan”: Ford, p. 19; Brown, The Last Hero, pp. 19–20.
Franklin Roosevelt had indeed: Ford, p. 20.
The unit, christened: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 26.
He was a leader: Ford, p. 23; Brown, The Last Hero, pp. 28–29.
Less than a month later: Ford, p. 23; Brown, The Last Hero, pp. 37–78.
The 69th Regiment: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 52.
He was awarded: ibid., pp. 54–56.
“Wild Bill is… .”: ibid., p. 56.
“Look at me… .”: Ford, pp. 11–12.
On October 19: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 62.
“They can’t get me… .”: ibid., p. 63.
