The Glorious Cause, page 87
at Camden, 460–63
in the Carolinas, 475
and Clinton, 453–54, 580–83, 598–99
and Fort Lee, 356, 361
and Long Island, 348, 350, 351
and Loyalists, 485, 501
at Monmouth Court House, 433–34
and New Jersey retreat, 361–62
in North Carolina, 484–94
and Parliament, 443
and Princeton, 367
in South Carolina, 456
southern campaign, 481–92
strategy of, 493
as tactician, 597
Washington on, 586
and Yorktown, 580–82, 586, 589–90
Coryell’s Ferry, Pa., 427
Countess of Scarborough, 541
Cowan’s Ford, N.C., 483
Cowpens, S.C., battle of, 476–82, 478 (map), 486, 510–11
Coxe, Tench, 449
Coxe, William, 99
Coxe’s Mill, N.C., 459
Crammond, Maj., 557
Cranbury, N.J., 426, 429
Creek Indians, 240, 681
Cromwell, Oliver, 33
Crook, Robert, 105
Cross Creek, N.C., 492
Crosswicks, N.J., 426
Crown, the, 27, 29, 44, 135, 233, 345
American attitudes toward, 5, 241. See also Monarchy
Crown Point, N.Y., 283
Cruger, Col. John, 468, 497, 499
Currency Act, 66, 214
Cushing, Thomas, 166–67, 217
as congressional delegate, 245, 250
and convention of towns, 178, 179
and “Glorious Ninety-two,” 175
on preparations for war, 263
Customs Commissioners, American Board of, 76, 156–57, 166, 202, 205
in Boston, 163, 169–72
and mob, 169–72, 187
problems of, 194–97
Customs officials, 67–70, 90, 219–20. See also Burch, William; Customs Commissioners, American Board of; Robinson, John; Temple, John
Customs racketeering, 218–19
Customs revenues, 221
Customs service and Impartial Administration of Justice Act, 245
Cutler, Rev. Manasseh, 611
Cygnet, 106
Daggett, Naphtali, 109
Dalrymple, Col. William, 180, 200, 206
Dana, Judge Richard, 204
Danbury, Conn., 545
Dan River (N.C./Va.), 482, 483, 484–85
Dartmouth, 231–33
Dartmouth, William Legge, 2d Earl of, 272, 291, 320–21, 344
on Boston Tea Party, 233
and reconciliation, 269
as Secretary for the Colonies, 235
on Suffolk Resolves, 268
Davidson, Gen. William, 473, 483
Davie, Col. William R., 465, 474, 631
Dawes, William, 274
Daws, Tom, 165–66
Dead River (Me.), 310–11
Deane, Silas: in Congress, 596
in Paris, 405, 408–10, 423
on Virginia congressional delegates, 247, 248
Dearborn, Henry, 387
DeBerdt, Dennys, 163
DeBerniere, Ensign, 271
Declaration of Independence, 4, 30, 327, 333–39, 347–48, 443, 510, 562, 628, 636, 645
Congress approves, 331, 333
Indians and, 574
Jefferson’s draft, 335, 338
on slavery, 338–39
Thomas Paine on, 326. See also Jefferson, Thomas
Declaration of Rights, 253, 627, 639
“Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms” (Thomas Jefferson, John Dickinson, 1775), 320
Declaratory Act(s), 118, 121, 142, 143–44, 156, 215
American reaction to, 148–49, 243
“Boston Pamphlet” on, 222
Burke on, 237
Deep River (N.C.), 459
A Defense of the Letter from a Gentleman at Halifax. See Howard, Martin, Jr.
De Kalb, Johann, 459, 462
DeLancey family, 184–85, 198
Delaware, 27, 47, 128, 419, 608, 623, 631, 652, 654
and army provisions, 421
assembly, 182
congressional delegates, 240, 323, 333, 620, 646, 648
ratification in, 680
regiments, 351, 459, 477, 486
in Stamp Act crisis, 182
Delaware Indians, 575–76
Delaware River, 356, 362, 364, 365, 367, 373, 375, 391, 396, 426, 518, 557, 581
trade on, 219, 555
Washington crosses, 598
“Determinatus.” See Adams, Samuel
Dick and Stewart, 193
Dickens, Charles, 17
Dickinson, John, 186, 228, 257
and Articles of Confederation, 624
and Committee of Correspondence with Foreign Powers, 404
as Congressional delegate, 248, 284–85, 319–20, 323, 328
at Constitutional Conventional, 621, 645, 665, (quoted) 644
“Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms,” 320
and James Wilson, 645
Letter of a Farmer in Pennsylvania (1767–68), 160–62
Liberty Song of, 183
Dickinson, Gen. Philemon, 427–28, 430
Diplomacy. See names of individual nations
Disease, 530–34, 572–73
Dominica, W.I., 414
Donop, Col. Carl von, 348, 365
Dorchester Heights, Mass., 288, 503
Douglas, Capt. William, 355
Dowdeswell, William, 236
Drake, 539
Drayton, William Henry, 244
Drayton’s Landing, S.C., 449
Drinker, Elizabeth, 556–58, 560, 561
Drinker, Henry, 556–57
Duane, James, 248, 249, 251, 328
Dudingston, William, 219–20
Dudley, Joseph, 44
Dulany, Daniel, 126
Duncan, Capt. James, 587
Dunkers, 35, 48
Dunmore, John Murray, 4th Earl of, 265, 626–27
offers freedom to slaves, 322, 338, 598
and Virginia House of Burgesses, 239
Duponceau, Pierre, 424
Duportail, Louis le Begue de Presle, 432, 448
Duras, 540
Dutch, the, 35, 48, 565
as Loyalists, 564–65
Reformed Church, 49, 217
trade with, 145, 219
Dutchess Co., N.Y., 581
East Florida, 60
East India Co., 153–54, 225–32
and the Association, 253–54
and Boston Port Bill, 235–36
Samuel Adams on, 230
and Tea Act, 225–28
and Tea Party losses, 232
East River (N.Y.), 341, 353, 355
Eden, William, 442
Edes, Benjamin, 93
Edes and Gill, 202, 230
Edinburgh, Scotland, 637
Edisto Inlet, S.C., 446
Edisto River (N.C.), 496
Edwards, Jonathan, 4
Egmont, John Percival, 1st Earl of, 152
Eleanor, 232
Eliot, Rev. Andrew, 130, 178, 201
Elizabeth River (Va.), 570
Elk River (Md.), 391
Elktown, Md., 397
Ellery, William, 104–6, 537
Ellsworth, Oliver, 631, 656, 663, 664
Elphinstone, Capt. George Keith, 446, 450
Empire, British: Boucher on, 242–43
Jefferson on, 242
Parliament’s jurisdiction in, 129–30
England, 25, 438, 441, 538, 625
background research, 671
Civil War, 658
compared with France, 10–12
economy of, 13, 23–24, 61, 112, 114
Europeans on, 10
government of, 16–29
local government of, 21–22
as Loyalist refuge, 564
social structure of, 13–14
English Channel, 25
Englishtown, N.J., 429
Enlightenment, 656
Enoree River (S.C.), 497
Epping, N.H., 517
Estaing, Charles Hector Théodat, Comte d’, 415–16, 434–38
Europe, 10–11, 438, 509, 543
and Revolutionary War, 402–17
Eustis, Dr., 530
Eutaw Springs, S.C., battle of, 497–500, 498 (map), 502, 505
Ewing, Brig. Gen. James, 365, 367
Exclusion crisis, 51, 136
Fairfax, Lord Thomas, 38
Fairfield, Conn., 545
Faneuil, Benjamin, 230
Faneuil Hall, 180, 200
Fatland Ford, Pa., 396
Fauquier, Francis, 167
Federalist, The, 659, 678–79
Federalists, 656–57, 675, 679, 681–82. See also Antifederalists
Nationalists Federal Street Meeting House (Boston), 555
Feltham, Lt. Jocelyn, 283
Ferdinand, Frederick William Augustus Henry. See Steuben, Baron von Ferguson, Patrick, 465–67
Ferrers, Lord Lawrence Shirley, 12
Fielding, Henry, 12
First Congregational Church, New Haven, Conn., 107
Fiscal-military state, British: army and, 25
bureaucracy, 24
navy and, 25
organization of, 22–26
taxes and customs, 26
Fish, Joseph and Rebecca: attitude toward resistance, 547
Fishdam Ford, S.C., 468
Fitch, Thomas, 128, 147
Flamborough Head, England, 541
Forbes, Gen. John, 5
Ford, Col, 496
Foreign policy. See names of individual nations
Forrest, Thomas, 366
Fort Anne, N.Y., 381
Fort Carillon, N.Y., 282
Fort Clinton, N.Y., 389
Fort Detroit, 575
Fort Duquesne, Pa., 123
Fort Edward, Nova Scotia, 381
Fort Frontenac, Ontario, 9
Fort George, N.Y., 381
Fort Griswold, Conn., 545
Fort Johnson, S.C., 447
Fort Kaskaskia, 575
Fort Lee, N.J., 358
British capture of, 356, 361
Fort Michilimackinac, 575
Fort Montgomery, N.Y, 389
Fort Motte, S.C., 496
Fort Moultre, S.C., 447
Fort Niagara, N.Y, 9, 575
Fort Pitt, Pa., 59
Fort St. Johns, Canada, 377
Fort Stanwix, N.Y, 384
Fort Ticonderoga, N.Y, 380, 381, 383, 391
American seizure of, 281–82, 283
Fort Washington, N.Y: British capture of, 357–58, 359–61
casualties at, 359
Fort Watson, S.C., 494
Fort William Henry, N.Y, 8
“Foul Weather Jack.” See Byron, Adm. John
Fox, Charles James, 591
France, 10–12, 24, 326, 327, 437, 441, 525, 608, 616, 631
aids colonies, 372, 405
diplomacy with colonies, 402–11
and John Paul Jones, 539
in Seven Years War, 8, 9
treaties with U.S., 411, 413
Franchise. See Property
Suffrage Franco-American operations, 581, 583–89
Frankfurt Company, 34
Franklin, Benjamin, 3, 5, 99, 214, 224, 423, 442, 540, 673
and Albany Congress, 32
on British Empire, 686
as colonial agent, 77, 233–34
and Committee of Correspondence with Foreign Power, 404, 406
as congressional delegate, 284, 331, 652
at Constitutional Convention, 644, 656, 666
in France, 408–10, 593–94
and Illinois Company, 154
and Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer, 161
and peace commission, 619
and Pennsylvania government, 44, 148, 184, 188
and religion, 52
and Stamp Act, 120, 143
and taxation, 23, 66–67, 120, 139
and Thomas Paine, 324
and Tory Junto, 103
Franklin, William, 99
Fraser, Brig. Gen. Simon: and campaign of 1777, 377, 380
at Saratoga, 385, 388, 389
Frederick, Prince of Wales, 18–19
Frederick the Great, 423, 503
on military doctrine, 303, 304
and Seven Years War, 8, 9
“A Freeman” (BG), 202
Freeman’s Farm, N.Y, battle of, 387–88, 389, 390, 397
French, the, 48, 402, 456, 537, 583, 586
and articles of peace, 594
and British strategy, 476
Huguenot immigrants, 35, 447
and Indians, 58
naval operations, 582, 584
and peace commission, 592
and secret service, 404
and treaties, 417
French and Indian War. See Seven Years War
Friendship, 538
“Friends of America,” 143–44
Fuller, Rose, 236–37
Fundamental law, 125–26. See also Constitution (Brit.); Constitution (U.S.)
Fur trade, 574
Gadsden, Christopher, 183, 192
as congressional delegate, 248, 252
Gage, Gen. Thomas, 203, 234, 238, 256, 272, 316, 411, 525, 598
and Boston Port Act, 267–68
and British army in Boston, 199
at Bunker Hill, 287, 291–93, 294
and informers, 271–72
and Massachusetts House, 258–59, 262
and Quartering Act, 150, 180, 198
relieved of command, 268–69, 302
and war preparations, 270–71
Gailer, George, 207
Gainsborough, Thomas, 12
Galloway, Joseph, 221
and Circular Letter, 184
as congressional delegate, 248–50, 252
criticizes Congress, 257–58
and Plan of Union, 251, 257–58
and Quaker party, 184, 187
and trade regulation, 557
Gardoqui, Don Diego de, 607–8
Garth, Charles, 77, 80
Gaspee, 219–20
Gates, Maj. Gen. Horatio, 328, 428, 459–64, 469, 472, 504, 508, 601, 604
at Camden, 460–63
as commander of the Northern Department, 383
at Saratoga, 385, 387
sketch of, 378
George II, 8, 18, 19
George III, 9, 18–20, 85, 234, 235, 415, 416, 618–19, 623
accession of, 7, 20
and American resistance, 112, 266–67, 272
and British strategy, 373–74, 412–13
and Bute, 20, 54–55
and declaration of rebellion, 268, 321, 322, 404
and Declaratory Act, 121
and Grenville, 111
and Howe family, 344
and Intolerable Arts, 237
and reconciliation, 269
sketch of, 18–20
and Stamp Act, 80, 119, 121
on taxation, 267
Georgetown, S.C., 458, 459, 468
Georgia, 26, 34, 35, 215, 413, 440, 441, 445 (map), 446, 449, 456, 544, 647, 659–62, 665, 666
Americans regain, 500–501
assembly, 182, 215, 266
and the Association, 266
British army in, 590, 592
and Continental Congress, 240, 284, 328
militia, 477
and nonimportation, 188, 190
outlaws in, 553
and ratification, 681–82
in Stamp Act crisis, 98, 182
suffrage in, 562
Germain, Lord George, 321, 364, 413, 415–16, 442–43, 595, 598
and campaign of 1777, 373–76
colonial policy of, 344
and Howe, 345
sketch of, 375–77
and southern strategy, 440–41
German Reformed Church, 48
Germans: in Pennsylvania, 48, 149, 564–65
in South Carolina, 447
Germantown, Pa., 397–402, 425, 502, 507, 601
battle of, 398 (map), 399–401 (casualties 401n), 469
Germany, 34–35, 579
Gerrish, Edward, 210
Gerry, Elbridge, 608, 646, 652
and Great Compromise, 631
rejects Constitution, 668
on representation in the West, 660
Gibraltar, 415–16, 592, 595
Gilberton, N.C., 467
Gill, John, 93
Gin Act, 15
“Glorious Cause,” 469, 501, 504, 513–14, 515, 563, 602, 648, 657
and Continental Army, 425
and Washington, 302, 349, 354–55
“Glorious Ninety-two,” 175–77
and Rhode Island assembly, 182
and River Gods, 259
South Carolina legislature on, 183
Glorious Revolution, 22, 24, 33, 51, 133, 135
Gloucester, N.J., 426, 428, 590
Glover, Col. John, 357, 436–37
Gnadenhütten, Pennsylvania, 575–76
Golden Hill, N.Y., skirmish at, 199
Good Intent, 193
Gordon, Thomas, 136–38, 216. See also Commonwealthmen
Whig ideology Gorham, Nathaniel, 646, 661, 663
Goshen, N.J., 421
Governors, colonial, 46
authority of, 135–36
and stamp tax, 75
Grafton, Augustus Henry, 3d Duke of, 112, 151, 155, 157, 214, 234
in Chatham ministry, 152
Grant, Maj. Gen. James, 351, 364, 438
Grasse, Adm. Francçois Joseph Paul, Comte de, 580, 582, 584, 593, 597
Graves, Adm. Thomas, 269, 290, 316, 584
Gravesend Bay (N.Y.), 348
Gray, John, 209, 211
Great Awakening, 47–51
and the American Revolution, 51
in Connecticut, 107
in New York, 47–49
in Pennsylvania, 47–48
and political alignments, 107–9, 565. See also New Lights
Great Compromise, 659, 701
Great War for the Empire. See Seven Years War
Greene, Jack, 625
Greene, Nathanael, 354, 361, 427, 436, 459, 482, 483, 490, 493, 494–95, 502, 504, 601
and Boston siege, 315
at Brandywine, 393–94
and camp conditions, 529
and camp followers, 553
career of, 469
at Eutaw Springs, 497–501
and Fort Washington, 358–59
at Germantown, 400–401
at Guilford Court House, 483–84, 485–88, 491–92
on militia, 510
at Monmouth Court House, 433
as Quartermaster-General, 422–23, 522
in the South, 470–76
strategy of, 493
as tactician, 470
at Trenton, 366
Greenleaf, Sheriff Stephen, 200
Green Mountain Boys, 282, 283, 286
Greenspring, Va., 508, 610
Grenada, W.I., 414
Grenville, George, 57, 67, 69, 151, 152–53
and colonial agents, 75, 77–78
