Aftermath, page 16
3 ‘The 10 Books I Needed to Write My Novel’, Ocean Vuong, Literary Hub, 1 October 2019, https://lithub.com/ocean-vuong-the-10-books-i-needed-to-write-my-novel/. Vuong is writing here specifically about how metaphor ‘provides [Vietnamese refugees] a way to talk about trauma without stating the experience outright.’
4 Audre Lorde: Dream of Europe, ed. Castro, p. 77.
5 Racism, Islamophobia, Antisemitism: Othering and the Weakness of Christian Identity, David Kline, panel discussion, Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, 14 April 2021, https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/events/racism-islamophobia-antisemitism-othering-and-weakness-christian-identity.
6 Living a Feminist Life, Sara Ahmed (London: Duke University Press, 2017), p. 171.
7 All of this information can be found in the official transcripts for the inquests into the attacks (FHI): https://fishmongershallinquests.independent.gov.uk/
8 Learning Together is a national prisoner education programme based in the Institute of Criminology in the University of Cambridge. It was founded and run by Dr Ruth Armstrong and Dr Amy Ludlow. It brought university students into prisons across the UK to learn alongside incarcerated people.
9 ‘London Bridge Terrorist Preached with ISIS Flag After Being Bullied at School’, Chris Caulfield, Metro, 30 November 2019, https://metro.co.uk/2019/11/30/london-bridge-terrorist-preached-with-isis-flag-after-being-bullied-at-school-11247590/
10 HMP Whitemoor is a high-security prison for Category A and B adult male prisoners serving different kinds of sentences of over four years. Category A is the highest risk an individual can be known as. See An Exploration of Staff-Prisoner Relationships at HMP Whitemoor: 12 Years On, Alison Leibling, Helen Arnold and Christina Straub, Cambridge Institute of Criminology, Prisons Research Centre, November 2011
11 ‘London Bridge Terror Picture Emerges of Attacker with Islamist Hate Preacher’, Anjem Choudhary, Sky News, 3 December 2019, https://news.sky.com/story/london-bridge-terror-picture-emerges-of-attacker-with-islamist-hate-preacher-anjem-choudary-11876967
12 Leibling et al, ibid.
13 ‘Fact Sheet: Desistance and Disengagement Programme’, UK Home Office, 5 November 2019, https://homeofficemedia.blog.gov.uk/2019/11/05/fact-sheet-desistance-and-disengagement-programme/
14 ‘The Ultra-Ultra Violence’, Erwin James, Guardian, 27 February 2009, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/feb/27/charles-bronson-violence-criminal-justice
15 Maya Angelou, in the context of not judging people on preconceived ideas
16 Fishmongers’ Hall Inquests (FHI) Day 2, 13 April 2021, https://fishmongershallinquests.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/FHI-Day-2-13-April-2021.pdf
17 ‘London Bridge Attack: Usman Khan’s Lawyer Admits He Could Have Been Deceived’, Jonathan Ames, The Sunday Times, 2 December 2019
18 ‘The Guardian and Erwin James’, Ian Katz, Guardian, April 2009. Katz writes about the decision to give ‘James’ (real name Erwin James Monahan) the platform under a pseudonym, and how it was received, and what the impact was on James: ‘He seemed to be a walking, talking testimony to the power of redemption… But beyond his writing, James’s own life began to take on the quality of a modern parable. In the years since his release in 2004, James has continued his remarkable journey of rehabilitation.
‘At times, it has had an almost too-good-to-be-true quality about it, and perhaps no one should have been surprised that this extraordinary journey should take the odd disappointing turn. The fictionalised paragraphs in his pieces about his time in the Foreign Legion – as detailed in today’s corrections column – were, I am convinced, an isolated lapse by someone who has otherwise dedicated himself to, as he puts it, “being authentic”. What is clear to me is that this blot on his post-conviction copybook was somehow born of his struggle to keep his two lives apart’ (italics mine), https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2009/apr/24/erwin-james-monahan-guardian
19 The second in four years. UK general elections are usually held every five years.
20 John Crilly, Darryn Frost, Steven Gallant, Marc Conway and Lukasz Koczocik have become known worldwide for their actions that day. Polish Lukasz was first-aid trained and working as a kitchen porter in Fishmongers’ Hall. Marc Conway is an ex-prisoner convicted of a serious crime, now employed at the UK charity The Prison Reform Trust. John, who was managing heroin addiction and was once wrongly convicted for murder under the UK’s pernicious ‘joint enterprise’ law, had spent 13 years in prison, where he met Jack and completed a Law degree via Learning Together. John is one of the rare people in the UK ever to have a JE conviction overturned, and is now a passionate campaigner for people in similar circumstances through the organisation JENGbA – Joint Enterprise, Not Guilty by Association, https://jointenterprise.co/. Darryn – a civil servant in HM Prison and Probation Service – was only at the event as a last-minute fill-in for a colleague who could not make it – is now campaigning through an organisation he set up, Extinguish Hate, https://www.extinguishhate.co.uk/. Stephen Gallant was incarcerated for murder, but was on day release for the LT event; he eventually had his sentence reduced by order of the Queen, though his victim’s family suffered recurrent PTSD as this was in progress. See https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/steve-gallant-queen-steps-in-to-help-release-london-bridge-attack-hero-10-months-early-75mrq79r9. Steve, Marc, and John had participated in LT courses and knew Jack. Crilly recalls: ‘We was heroes at first, eh – then it found we was prisoners and it just went pmp.’ Prison Break, Episode 5: If Not This, Then What?, BBC Radio 4, 21 May 2021
21 Statement of the family of Saskia Jones to the inquest, 12 April 2021, p. 23. The statement in full reads, ‘It is very important to the family that Saskia’s legacy should not solely be based on her work with Learning Together, as she was about so much more than just that. She should be defined as someone who battled to improve the lives of others in several spheres and was driven to make real changes in the world. Her incredible research in the field of sexual violence with Rape Crisis Cambridge more than shapes part of that legacy. Her passion in this area enabled her to finally find her career path, with the hope of becoming a detective in victim support with the police force.’ FHI-PR, 12 April 2021 https://fishmongershallinquests.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/FHI-Day-1-12-April-2021.pdf
22 FHI-PR, 16 October 2020
23 It is not the purpose or place of this book to speculate on what motivated Khan to commit this attack, or his ideological position (or his personal thoughts) on suicide and how those connected to his decisions that day.
24 ‘Diving into the Wreck’ (1972), Adrienne Rich, in Collected Poems,1950–2012 (USA: Norton, 2016), pp. 370–373
25 Ibid., Rich, 372
26 Diversity Form (UK), ‘Question E: What is your ethnic origin?’
27 Axiomatic, Maria Tumarkin (USA: Transit Books, 2019), p. 93
28 What Is Found There, Adrienne Rich (USA: Norton, 2003), p. 181
29 What is Found There, Rich, p. 181
30 ‘Cartographies of Silence’, in Collected Poems, Rich, p. 456
31 Ibid., p. 107
32 Ibid., p. 183
33 ‘If I Told Him, a Completed Portrait of Picasso’, Gertrude Stein, Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/55215/if-i-told-him-a-completed-portrait-of-picasso
34 Axiomatic, Tumarkin, pp. 48–49
35 ‘Avert the Icy Feeling’, in Threads, Bhanu Kapil (UK: Clinic Publishing, 2008), p. 54
36 Axiomatic, Tumarkin, pp. 48–49
37 FHI-PIR-16, October 2020, https://fishmongershallinquests.independent.gov.uk/documents/
38 The Muslims are Coming!, Arun Kundnani (UK: Verso, 2015), p. 286
39 Ibid.
40 Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Paulo Freire (UK: Penguin Classics, 2017)
41 The Muslims are Coming!, Kundnani, p. 289
42 The ‘Desegregation’ of English Schools, Olivier Esteves (UK: Manchester University Press) p. 3
43 Ibid., p. 15
44 ‘Introduction’, Lauren Elkin, in Translation as Transhumance, Mireille Gansel, trans. Ros Schwartz (UK: Les Fugitives, 2017), p. viii
45 The ‘Desegregation’ of English Schools, Esteves, p. 109; original quote from an article by Coard in Guardian, 4 May 1971
46 The ‘Desegregation’ of English Schools, Esteves, p. 15
47 ‘How Black Working-Class Youth Are Criminalised and Excluded in the English School System’, Jessica Perera, Institute of Race Relations, 28 September 2020, https://irr.org.uk/article/beyond-the-pru-to-prison-pipeline/ See also, ‘Discrimination at School: Is a Black British History Lesson Repeating Itself?’ Lola Okolosie, Guardian, 15 November 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/nov/15/discrimination-at-school-is-a-black-british-history-lesson-repeating-itself-small-axe-education-steve-mcqueen
48 ‘More Black People Jailed in England and Wales Proportionally than in US’, Randeep Ramesh, Guardian, 10 October 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/oct/11/black-prison-population-increase-england
49 ‘Joint Enterprise Criminalises Young BAME People’, Russell Webster, 5 February 2016, https://www.russellwebster.com/joint-enterprise-racism/
50 ‘Racial Bias Is Pulling Young Black Adults into the Revolving Door’, Russell Webster, 10 August 2020, https://www.russellwebster.com/racial-bias-revolving-door/
51 Ibid.
52 ‘An Independent Review Into the Treatment of, and Outcomes for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Individuals in the Criminal Justice System’, David Lammy, The Lammy Review (UK: Ministry of Justice, 2017), p. 3. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/643001/lammy-review-final-report.pdf
53 Ibid., Collected Poems, Rich, p. 52
54 Cold Dark Matter: An Exploded View, Cornelia Parker (1991), https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/parker-cold-dark-matter-an-exploded-view-t06949/story-cold-dark-matter
55 About the poem ‘Popular Culture & Cruel Work’, Wendy Trevino, Poets.org, https://poets.org/poem/popular-culture-cruel-work
56 FIH-PIR, Day 1, 25 March 2021, https://www.opus2.com
57 The play was about a terrorist committing a knife attack. It was not written during my course and I had no knowledge of it until the inquest made it public in the inquest process. The inquests also revealed that MI5 had a copy of the play, and considered it simply creative writing as a marker of rehabilitation.
58 Dark Days, James Baldwin (UK: Penguin Modern, 2018), p. 19
59 Living a Feminist Life, Ahmed, p. 260
60 Azadi: Freedom. Fascism. Fiction., Arundhati Roy (UK: Penguin Random House, 2020), p. 108
61 ‘A Pattern Marks London Terror Attacks’, Luv Puri, The Tribune, 4 December 2019, https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/comment/a-pattern-marks-london-terror-attacks-869772
62 See, for example, ‘The Myth of Return’, Lancashire Telegraph, 24 January 2006, https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/6236312.myth-return/
63 ‘The Pakistani Muslim Community in England’, Department for Communities and Local Government, March 2009, https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20120919132719/http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1170952.pdf
64 ‘Rivers of Blood’, a speech made by Conservative MP Enoch Powell in 1968, attacking the UK’s open immigration policy. Often understood as a pioneering work of ethno-nationalism, it was inspired by its author’s experience in colonial India, when the long practice of divide and rule fuelled communal violence at Partition. See ‘India, Post-Imperialism and the origins of Enoch Powell’s Rivers of Blood Speech’, Paul Foster, The Historical Journal 50(3), pp. 669–687, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/india-postimperialism-and-the-origins-of-enoch-powells-rivers-of-blood-speech/3BFC82A807D920B152BEF300BEB21FC3
65 ‘In Memory of WB Yeats’, WH Auden, https://poets.org/poem/memory-w-b-yeats
66 Title poem, ‘The Country Without A Post Office’, Agha Shahid Ali, originally published as ‘Kashmir without a Post Office’ (USA: Norton, 1998).
67 ‘In Memory of WB Yeats’, Auden.
68 Climate of Fear, Wole Soyinka (UK: Profile Books, 2014), p. 74
69 Until We Reckon: Violence, Mass Incarceration and the Road to Repair, Danielle Sered (USA: The New Press, 2019), p. 11.
70 Climate of Fear, Soyinka, p. 74
71 Ibid., pp. 74–75
72 Twelve-year-old refugee Shukri Abdi drowned when she was with a group of peers. She could not swim, and had been extensively bullied at school. See https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/10/shukri-abdi-burnham-calls-for-wider-investigation-over-drowning-of-12-year-old-refugee
73 ‘Education in Jails Undermined by London Bridge Attack’, Sarah Marsh, Guardian, 1 December 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/dec/01/education-jails-not-undermined-london-bridge-attack
74 FHI-PR
75 ‘We the Heartbroken’, Gargi Bhattacharyya, https://www.plutobooks.com/blog/we-the-heartbroken/ (in-line break and emphasis mine).
76 ‘On the Language of Nonviolence and the US Criminal Justice System’, Michael Fischer, Literary Hub, 2 November 2020, https://lithub.com/on-the-language-of-nonviolence-and-the-us-criminal-justice-system/
77 Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence, Judith Butler (London: Verso, 2004), p. xii
78 The Muslims are Coming!, Kundnani, p. 289
79 ‘7 July London Bombings: The World on a Train, 10 Years On’, Geoff Ryman, BBC, 6 July 2015, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-33384595
80 Tawseef Khan, interview with Krishnan Guru-Murthy, Ways to Change the World With Krishnan Guru Murthy, https://waystochangetheworld.libsyn.com/tawseef-khan-on-islamophobia-integration-and-what-he-calls-the-muslim-problem
81 See, for example, Cut from the Same Cloth, ed. Sabeena Akhtar (UK, Unbound: 2021), I Refuse to Condemn: Resisting Racism in a Time of National Security, ed. Asim Qureshi (Manchester University Press, 2020), The Muslims Are Coming!, Arun Kundnani (London: Verso, 2014), and We Need New Stories, Nesrine Malik (UK: Weidenfield and Nicholson, 2019).
82 The Waves, Virginia Woolf (UK: Penguin Modern Classics, 2003), p. 3
83 36 per cent of the total population of Newham is in low-paid work. See London Borough of Newham, Demographics 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Newham#Religion
84 ‘Capitalism Has Become a Weapon of Mass Destruction: Seven Questions with Arundhati Roy’, Emily Tamkin, The New Statesman, 8 April 2021, https://www.newstatesman.com/world/asia/2021/04/capitalism-has-become-weapon-mass-destruction-seven-questions-arundhati-roy
85 ‘UK Remains the World’s Second Biggest Arms Exporter with 11bn of Orders’, Dan Sabbagh, Guardian, 6 October 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/06/uk-remains-second-biggest-arms-exporter-with-11bn-of-orders
86 ‘It’s Time for America to Reckon with the Staggering Death Toll of the Post 9/11 Wars’, Murtaza Hussain, 19 November 2018, https://theintercept.com/2018/11/19/civilian-casualties-us-war-on-terror/
87 ‘A Litany for Survival No. 42’, Audre Lorde (1978), https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/147275/a-litany-for-survival
88 See Assimilation, Exodus, Eradication, Iraq’s Minorities Since 2003, Preti Taneja (London: MRG, 2006), Uncertain Refuge, Dangerous Return: Iraq’s Uprooted Minorities, Chris Chapman and Preti Taneja (London: MRG, 2009), Iraq’s Minorities: Participation in Public Life, Preti Taneja (London: MRG, 2011).
89 The Source of Self Regard, Toni Morrison (USA: Knopf, 2019), p. 53
90 Selections from Citizen: An American Lyric, Claudia Rankine, pp. 15 and 131–133. Copyright © 2014 by Claudia Rankine. Used with the permission of The Permissions Company, LLC on behalf of Graywolf Press, graywolfpress.org.
91 Ibid.
92 Excerpt from ‘Faceless’ from Heaven is All Goodbyes, Tongo Eisen-Martin. Copyright © 2017 by Tongo Eisen-Martin. Reprinted with the permission of The Permissions Company, LLC on behalf of City Lights Books, citylights.com
93 From the poem by Rabindranath Tagore, trans. Gayatri Spivak, ‘Ethics and Politics in Tagore, Coetzee and Certain Scenes of Teaching’, Diacritics 32 (3/4):17–31 (2002).
94 FHI-PR.
95 ‘A Brave and Startling Truth’, Maya Angelou, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjEfq7wLm7M.
96 Some of Us Did Not Die: New and Selected Essays, June Jordan (USA: Basic/Civitas Books, 2002), p. 265 (italics hers).
97 Trust and Violence, Jan Philipp Reemtsma, trans. Dominic Bonfiglio (USA: Princeton University Press, 2012), pp. 1–4
98 Ibid., p. 7
99 Precarious Life, Judith Butler, p. 10
100 See Glossary: Funny Tinge
101 ‘Terrorism’, Hannah Ritchie, Joe Hasell, Cameron Appel and Max Roser, OurWorldInData.org (2013), https://ourworldindata.org/terrorism
