38 Londres Street, page 48
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presence at the Colony: Kletten, ‘Eine lange Nachgeschichte’ (‘Rauff was a visitor to the German sect settlement Colonia Dignidad used by the DINA [Schnellenkamp 2007, p. 67]. When he was due to visit, sect leader Paul Schäfer would say: “I’m going to pull my hair out today.” The settlement’s hospital once referred him to a clinic in Santiago’ [Heller 1993, p. 185]).
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drugs and electricity: Falconer, ‘The Torture Colony’.
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Gestapo methods: Colonia Dignidad, Interrogation Techniques Document (21973), 11 (on file).
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‘never a real agent’: Ibid., 10.
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in October 1973: ‘Für Chile Immer Engagiert’, Lateinamerika Nachrichten, no. 450, December 2011.
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the Netflix series: Colonia Dignidad: Eine deutsche Sekte in Chile (2021).
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(‘help if needed’): MoritzEis, https://pedidos.moritz.cl
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a lifetime of horror: Voice of America, ‘Survivors of Nazi Commune in Chile: Germany’s Compensation Not Enough’, Voice of America, 18 May 2019.
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‘heard of him again’: ‘Carabineros negó ayuda a otro prófugo de Dignidad’, Fortin Mapocho, 28 April 1988.
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immunity was not absolute: Chilean Supreme Court, 19 July 1988, Szurgelies and Szurgelies v Spohn, reprinted in International Law Reports 89 (1988), 44, 45.
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‘conflict with immunities’: Francisco Orrego Vicuña, ‘Diplomatic and Consular Immunities and Human Rights’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly 40, no. 1 (1991), 34, 47–8.
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Pinochet’s immunity: ‘Celebrating the Life and Legacy of Francisco Orrego Vicuña’, LSE Law School, 2 October 2019, 28 minutes in, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egrjgBw7m3w
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(prosecutor of Nazis): Cüppers, Walther Rauff, 356, note 115; Kletten, ‘Eine lange Nachgeschichte’.
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‘Walther Rauff’: León Gómez Araneda, ‘Libro Proyecto de Investigación: “En la huella de los detenidos-desaparecidos” ’, Archivo Museo de la Memoria (1988), 2.
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said the researcher: Emails, Dominique Hervé to author, 2 April 2019; Lieta Vivaldi to author, 14 May 2019, 27 June 2019, 6 October 2019; León Gómez to Lieta Vivaldi, 17 July 2019.
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Rauff’s ‘office’: Cüppers, Walther Rauff, 356.
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Dieter Maier: Email, Dieter Maier to author, 21 and 24 March 2021.
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a book by Heller: Kletten, ‘Eine lange Nachgeschichte’; Cüppers, Walther Rauff, 356, note 116; 368, 127.
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‘the original source’: Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v United States) (Merits) [1986] ICJ Reports 14, para. 63.
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in Santiago, he said: Email, Dieter Maier to author, 21 March 2021.
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‘his torture session.’: Ibid.
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‘additional confirmation.’: Email, Dieter Maier to Lea Main-Klingst (c.c. author), 29 April 2021.
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‘the last time I saw him.’: ‘Chanfreau Oyarce Alfonso René’, Me-moria Viva (undated), https://memoriaviva.com/nuevaweb/detenidos-desaparecidos/desaparecidos-c/chanfreau-oyarce-alfonso-rene
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she reportedly observed: Cerutti, ‘Les nazis et le cône sud-américain’ (2011), 101 (‘affirme que plusieurs détenus ont remarqué chez l’un des tortionnaires un très net accent allemand. Il s’agirait selon toute vraisemblance de Walter Rauff’).
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was happy to meet: Email, Monserrat Madariaga to author, 4 May 2021.
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a DINA informant: Michael Lazzara (ed.), Luz Arce and Pinochet’s Chile: Testimony in the Aftermath of State Violence (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).
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Alfonso Chanfreau: ‘A la caza del “Guatón Romo” ’, The Clinic, 1 November 2018.
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human rights violations: Supreme Court Chile, Case No. 469-98, September 1998, paras. 9–10 (disappearance of Pedro Enrique Poblete Córdova).
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Romo died in 2007: ‘La escabrosa entrevista que concedió Romo a Univisión’, La Tercera, 4 July 2007.
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‘then buried on land.’: Alfonso René Chanfreau Oyarce, Procesamiento, 14 July 2011, 266, 297, 1328 (on file).
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where the affidavit was: ‘Pablo Neruda did not die of cancer but may have been poisoned’, Novinite.com, 21 October 2017.
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‘at risk of death’: ‘Pinochet en peligro de muerte’, Panamá América, 29 July 1999.
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in June 1215: Ekaizer, Yo, Augusto, 840.
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King’s College London: Ibid., 841.
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assassination attempt: Xavier Montanyà, La gran evasión (Pepitas de Calabaza, 2008), 13.
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was not acceptable: Ekaizer, Yo, Augusto, 277, 503, 841.
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Toloza reportedly told Frei: Ibid., 842, 846, 851–2, 855.
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his Spanish counterpart: Ibid., 854, 858.
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handing down of the judgement: Ibid., 858, 859, 876.
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too frail: Ibid., 898–9.
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to return to Chile: Ibid., 893.
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to be prosecuted: Ibid., 896.
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Toloza replied: Ibid., 897.
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medical issues: Ibid., 901.
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he was assured: Home Office to Pinochet, letter, 5 November 2000 (cited in R., ex parte Belgium v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ILDC 227, Judgement of 15 February 2000, at para. 9).
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(extradited to Spain): Pinochet to Home Office, letter, 29 November 2000 (ibid., para. 11).
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right-wing candidate: Ekaizer, Yo, Augusto, 916.
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(¡Cómo se le ocurre!): Mónica Pérez y Felipe Gerdtzen, Augusto Pinochet: 503 Días Atrapado en Londres (Catalonia, 2016) 282.
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‘see him in the back!’: Author interview with Peter Dean, 3 October 2023; ‘La acusación presenta un escrito para aclarar las irregularidades del informe médico’, El Mundo, 24 January 2001.
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present throughout: Ibid., El Mundo.
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reportedly concluded: I, Jean Pateras, 3 October 2023.
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could not be feigned: Ekaizer, Yo, Augusto, 924.
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No change was expected: Cited in R., ex parte Belgium v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ILDC 227, Judgement of 15 February 2000, at para. 13.
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in Parliament: Hansard, House of Commons, 12 January 2000, column 277.
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when he returned to Chile: Ekaizer, Yo, Augusto, 926.
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of the DINA: Eugenia Palieraki, ¡La revolución ya viene!: El MIR chileno en los años sesenta (Editorial LOM, 2014).
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on suspicion of terrorism: ‘Dance Card’, in Roberto Bolaño, Last Evenings on Earth and Other Stories (New Directions, 2006).
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‘its literary value’: Larry Rohter, ‘A Chilean Writer’s Fictions Might Include His Own Colorful Past’, The New York Times, 8 February 2009.
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near San Antonio: ‘Ricardo Ernesto Lagos Salinas’, Memoria Viva (undated), http://www.memoriaviva.com/English/victims/lagos-salinas.htm
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no hard proof: Basso, Chile Top Secret.
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said Basso: Ken Silverstein, Private Warriors (Verso, 2000), 125.
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arms deals for Pinochet: Maria Soledad de la Cerda, Chile y los hombres del Tercer Reich (Sudamericana, 2000).
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ninety-eight disappearances: Pablo Seguel Gutiérrez, ‘La Brigada de Inteligencia Metropolitana de la Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional: Desafíos para la investigación en torno a sus recintos de detención, organización interna y racionalidad del servicio de inteligencia de la dictadura militar en Chile 1973–1976’, IX Jornadas de Trabajo sobre Historia Reciente, 1–3 August 2018 (2021), 685–706.
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tortures and disappearances: ‘Informe del experto sobre la cuestión de la suerte de las personas desaparecidas en Chile’, Commission on Human Rights, E/CN.4/1363, 2 February 1980.
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were convicted: See e.g. Rol No. 2.18298 (Tejas Verdes case), Judgement of 9 August 2010 (at p. 9); Rol. No. 33.340-2003 (Alfonso Chanfreau case), Judgement of 22 May 2003 (at p. 9).
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occurred in 1975: ‘Corte Suprema condena a 31 agentes de la DINA por secuestro calificado de Juan Carlos Perelman’, El Clarin, 27 October 2021.
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in August 1974: ‘Operación Colombo: Corte Suprema condena a exagentes de la DINA por secuestro calificado de fotógrafo’, Diario Constitucional, 21 September 2023.
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Chile and France: ‘Historic Decision on the Crimes of the Chilean Dictatorship’, FIDH, 17 December 2010; https://memoriaviva.com/nuevaweb/criminales/criminales-m/moren-brito-marcelo-luis-manuel
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(died in 2022): Jorge Escalante, ‘Las confesiones de Gerhard Mücke, uno de los jerarcas nazis de Colonia Dignidad’, La Nación, 12 August 2005.
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‘obvious they knew each other.’: ‘El agente que llevó a Álvaro Vallejos a Colonia Dignidad: La palabra de un ex DINA contra Schaefer’, El Mercurio, 24 July 2005.
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a Chilean judge: Author interview with Samuel Fuenzalida, 14 December 2021.
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ten years in prison: Rol 2.182-1998, Villa Baviera, episode Álvaro Modesto Vallejos Villagrán, first instance verdict, 7 May 2015; Santiago Appeals Court, Rol 1.051-2015, 10 April 2017; Supreme Court, Rol 19.127-2017, 7 August 2018; ‘Condenan a 22 agentes de la DINA a 15 años de presidio por secuestro a militantes del MIR en la Operación Colombo’, CNN Chile, 7 August 2018.
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legal proceedings: Paul Kelso and Jamie Wilson, ‘Belgian Challenge to Pinochet Ruling’, The Guardian, 24 January 2000.
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the judge asked: Investigating Judge Damian Vandermeersch, request for letters rogatory, 19 January 2000 (on file).
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Extradition Convention: The obligations that Belgium alleged to have been violated included the 1984 Convention, the 1957 Extradition Convention, the 1959 European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters, and the general obligation of cooperation and good faith in international law.
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(Second World War crimes.): Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v Italy, Greece Intervening) [2012] ICJ Reports 99.
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no standing to sue: R., ex parte Belgium v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ILDC 227, Judgement of 15 February 2000, para. 3.
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who expedited the case: ‘Pinochet Opponents Win Legal Point’, BBC, 8 February 2000.
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Pinochet’s legal situation: R., ex parte Belgium v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ILDC 227, Judgement of 15 February 2000, para. 3.
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‘and prosecution’: Demjanjuk v Petrovsky (1985), 603 F.Supp. 1468.
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on the web: Marlise Simons, ‘Spanish Newspapers Disclose Secret Pinochet Health Reports’, The New York Times, 17 February 2000.
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could stand trial: ‘Comments’, ‘Spanish Doctors on British Medical Report’, 18 February 2000, in Brody and Ratner, The Pinochet Papers, 461.
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same conclusion: Jamie Wilson and Ian Black, ‘Pinochet Fit for Trial, Says Belgium’, The Guardian, 23 February 2000.
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statement to Parliament: Hansard, House of Commons, 2 March 2000, column 664.
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‘sent to Spain.’: Open Democracy, Justice in the World’s Light (2001) (Geoffrey Bindman).
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Britain, Chile and Spain: Hugh O’Shaughnessy, ‘Secret UK Deal Freed Pinochet’, The Observer, 7 January 2001.
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‘difficult to manage’: Manuel Délano, ‘Blair negoció con Frei en secreto el regreso de Pinochet a Chile’, El País, 17 October 2000.
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in March 2000: Mónica Pérez and Felipe Gerdtzen, Augusto Pinochet: 503 Días Atrapado en Londres (Catalonia, 2016), 274; O’Shaughnessy, ‘Secret UK Deal Freed Pinochet’.
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told an interviewer: British Library, Sounds Archive, ‘Lord Hoffmann Interviewed by Louise Brodie’, Part 7 (2011).
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Izurieta served: Francesc Relea, ‘El ejército chileno recibe la decisión de los lores con “frustración, indignación e inquietud” ’, El País, 26 November 1998.
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Pinochet’s health: ‘Pinochet en peligro de muerte’, Panamá América, 29 July 1999.
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Frei’s government: Ekaizer, Yo, Augusto, 800.
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lawyers in Spain: ‘El general Salgado se reúne hoy con autoridades de Defensa y con los abogados de Pinochet en España’, El País, 10 August 1999.
