Arthur Tange, page 49
538 · Diary of General Sir John Wilton, kindly made available by Virginia Wilton
539 · Interview with J.D. Anthony, 21 May 2002.
Appendix: Tange and the crises of Spring 1973: Pine Gap, the Dismissal and Balibo
540 · The Tange material is in MS9847/5/34, NLA, and Tange, Defence Policy-Making, ch. 2. The author also discussed this topic with Tange on several occasions during 1999 and 2000. In addition to the sources cited here, this account has made particular use of the following accounts: Paul Kelly, The Unmaking of Gough, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1976 (later republished under the title The Dismissal), ch. 5; Toohey and Pinwill, Oyster, ch. 8; John Pilger, A Secret Country, Jonathan Cape, London, 1989, ch. 5. It should be emphasised that this account represents the author’s assessments, based on the evidence available, and none of the judgments or statements of fact should be regarded as having the endorsement of the Department of Defence.
541 · Tange, Defence Policy-Making, ch. 2. Tange did not name the CIA director.
542 · John Menadue, Things You Learn Along the Way, David Lovell Publishing, Melbourne 1999, p. 133; interview with Menadue, 19 June 2000.
543 · Canberra Times, 5 November 1975.
544 · Tange, Defence Policy-Making, ch. 2. The following account is based on a variety of sources, including interviews with Morrison, Anthony and Whitlam.
545 · Tange, Defence Policy-Making, ch. 2.
546 · Ibid.
547 · Paul Kelly, The Unmaking of Gough, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1976, ch. 5, esp. p. 39.
548 · Interview with Brian Oxley, 12 February 2004.
549 · Teleprinter message by Toohey, 1982, in MS9847/5/34, NLA.
550 · Brian Toohey, ‘Pine Gap mystery deepens’, Australian Financial Review, 28 April 1977, p. 1.
551 · Sydney Sun, 28 April, Australian, 29 April 1977; see long article in National Times, 2–7 May 1977.
552 · See, for example, Clyde Cameron, The Clyde Cameron Diaries, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1990, pp. 494, 498ff.
553 · Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates, vol. H of R 105, 4 May 1977, pp. 1519–23.
554 · Graham Freudenberg, A Certain Grandeur: Gough Whitlam in Politics, Sun, Melbourne, 1978 (first published by Macmillan in 1977), pp. 387–8.
555 · See material in MS9847/5/34, NLA.
556 · Brian Toohey and Dale Atta, ‘New Light on CIA Role in 1975’, National Times, issue 581, 21–27 March 1982, p. 12.
557 · Letter and other material in MS9847/5/34, NLA.
558 · Farrands’ letter and the comment were published in National Times, issue 583, 4–10 April 1982, p. 8.
559 · Interview with Toohey, 14 September 1999.
560 · Notes in MS9847/5/34, NLA.
561 · Farrands’ letter of 1 April, MS9847/5/34, NLA.
562 · Tange’s correspondence with his lawyers is in MS9847/5/34, NLA. The letter appeared in National Times, issue 589, 16–22 May 1982, p. 34.
563 · Toohey to Tange, 29 October 1985; Tange to Toohey, 1 November 1985, with copy to W. Coles, Secretary of Defence, MS9847/5/34, NLA.
564 · B. Toohey, ‘The CIA feels grave concern …’, National Times, 8–14 November 1985, pp. 23–5.
565 · Note by Tange, MS9847/5/34, NLA.
566 · David Langsam, ‘MI5 helped Washington topple Whitlam, says program’, Sydney Morning Herald, 25 January 1988, p. 1.
567 · Paul Kelly, ‘Tange denies briefing Kerr on CIA worries’, Australian, 29 January 1988, pp 1–2
568 · Gerard Henderson, ‘The Kerr testimony’, and John Pilger, ‘Pilger; why Whitlam was sacked’, Weekend Australian, 30–31 January 1988, pp. 17 (Focus I) and 19 (Focus 3).
569 · John Pilger, A Secret Country, Jonathan Cape, London, 1989, ch. 5, esp. pp. 165, 169, 177.
570 · Ibid., p. 165; Toohey and Pinwill, Oyster, p. 179.
571 · Toohey and Pinwill, Oyster, p. 168.
572 · Kelly, The Unmaking of Gough, p. 37.
573 · Toohey and Pinwill, Oyster, p. 179.
574 · See Desmond Ball and Hamish McDonald, Death in Balibo, Lies in Canberra, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2000; and Jill Jolliffe, Cover-up: The inside story of the Balibo Five, Scribe, Melbourne, 2001.
575 · See documents cited in Wendy Way (ed.), Australia and the Indonesian Incorporation of Portuguese Timor, 1974–1976, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and Melbourne University Press, 2000, pp. 22–34.
576 · Memoranda, Pritchett (Defence) to Rogers (Foreign Affairs), 15 August 1974; and Rogers to Defence, 26 August 1974, Documents 21 and 23, Way, Australia and the Indonesian Incorporation of Portuguese Timor, pp. 80–4 and 88–9.
577 · Letter, Pritchett to Feakes, 21 February 1975, Document 90; Way, Australia and the Indonesian Incorporation of Portuguese Timor, pp. 190–2.
578 · Minute, Pritchett to Morrison, 9 October 1975, in Brian Toohey and Marian Wilkinson, The Book of Leaks: Exposes in Defence of the Public’s Right to Know, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1987, pp. 184–90.
579 · Minute, Jockel to Tange, Rowland and Woolcott, 24 February 1975, Document 94; Way, Australia and the Indonesian Incorporation of Portuguese Timor, pp. 196–7
580 · Sec, for example, Way, Australia and the Indonesian Incorporation of Portuguese Timor, p. 25.
581 · Record of conversation (in December 1974), 6 January 1975, Document 70; Way, Australia and the Indonesian Incorporation of Portuguese Timor, pp. 159–60.
582 · Ball and McDonald, Death in Balibo, p. 73.
583 · Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security, Annual Report 2001–02, Annex 3, ‘Balibo Inquiry’, pp. 86–94. The report was concluded in September 2001. Its major conclusions were released on 3 June 2002 by the Minister for Defence, Senator Robert Hill, in Media Release MIN265/02.
584 · Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security, Annual Report 2001–02, paras. 59–61, p. 93.
585 · Ball and McDonald, Death in Balibo, pp. 148–9.
586 · Jolliffe, Cover-up, p. 208.
587 · Ibid., p. 337.
Copyright
Copyright © Peter Edwards 2006
First published in 2006 by Allen & Unwin
This edition published in 2021
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