Palo Alto, page 88
47. Theodore J. Cicero, Matthew S. Ellis, and Hilary L. Surratt, “Effect of Abuse-Deterrent Formulation of OxyContin,” New England Journal of Medicine 367, no. 2 (July 12, 2012): 187–89.
48. Stephanie Glick and Allyson Dean, “Learning to Be ‘Good Enough’: Hollywood’s Role in Standardizing Knowledge and the Myth of Meritocracy,” Postcolonial Directions in Education 9, no. 1 (June 2020): 66.
49. LouAnne Johnson, My Posse Don’t Do Homework (New York: St. Martin’s Paperbacks, 1993), 216.
50. Ibid., 230.
51. Ibid., 228.
52. Sarah Knopp, “There Is No Private Violence,” Jacobin, November 28, 2018, https://jacobinmag.com/2018/11/central-america-migrants-asylum-ms13-gang-violence.
53. Roberto Lovato, Unforgetting: A Memoir of Family, Migration, Gangs, and Revolution in the Americas (New York: HarperCollins, 2020), xxi.
54. George W. Bush, “Text: George W. Bush’s Speech to the NAACP,” July 10, 2000, https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/elections/bushtext071000.htm
55. Don Kazak, “IKEA Wins Initial Victory,” Palo Alto Weekly, August 31, 2001.
56. Ryan Kim, “Ikea Brings Swarm of Shoppers to East Palo Alto / 90 Officers Direct Traffic at Opening of Swedish-Design Home Store,” SFGATE, August 28, 2003, https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Ikea-brings-swarm-of-shoppers-to-East-Palo-Alto-2559627.php.
57. Becky Bartindale, “Stanford University’s Education Program for Gifted Youth Is America’s First Online High School for Gifted Students,” San Jose Mercury News, April 12, 2006.
58. Patrick Suppes, “From Behaviorism to Neobehaviorism,” Theory and Decision 6, no. 3 (August 1975): 269–85.
59. Patrick Suppes, “Self-Profile,” in Patrick Suppes, ed. Radu J. Bogdan (Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing, 1979), 4.
60. Audrey Watters, Teaching Machines: The History of Personalized Learning (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2021), 232.
61. Roger Cohen, “Simon & Schuster Buys School Software Maker,” New York Times, March 12, 1990.
62. Ibid.
63. “Tuition for 2022–23 (Grades 7–12),” Stanford Online High School, accessed April 20, 2022, https://onlinehighschool.stanford.edu/tuition.
64. Naomi Atkins, “SCORE! Educational Centers (A),” Harvard Business Case Study, August 2, 1999, 16.
65. Katrina Burger and Lisa Gubernick, “Girls Always Have Trouble with Math,” Forbes, April 21, 1997.
66. Derek Thompson, “Instagram Is Now Worth $77 Million Per Employee,” The Atlantic, April 9, 2012, https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/04/instagram-is-now-worth-77-million-per-employee/255640.
67. Byung-Chul Han, The Burnout Society (Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 2015), 9.
68. Jonathan James, “The College Wage Premium,” Economic Commentary, no. 2012-10 (August 8, 2012): 3.
69. Alissa Quart, Hothouse Kids: The Dilemma of the Gifted Child (New York: Penguin Press, 2006).
70. Elisha Fieldstadt, “Hardest Colleges to Get into in the U.S. in 2022,” CBS News, August 19, 2021.
71. Carolyn Walworth, “Paly School Board Rep: ‘The Sorrows of Young Palo Altans,’” Palo Alto Online, March 25, 2015, https://paloaltoonline.com/news/2015/03/25/guest-opinion-the-sorrows-of-young-palo-altans.
72. Amanda Garcia-Williams et al., “Undetermined Risk Factors for Suicide among Youth, Ages 10–24—Santa Clara County, CA, 2016,” Epidemiologic Assistance (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2016), 57.
73. Elena Kadvany, “Gunn Students Slam School Leaders on Zero Period,” Palo Alto Weekly, April 22, 2015.
74. Steven Levy, Facebook: The Inside Story (New York: Blue Rider Press, 2020), 110.
Chapter 5.3 Blister in the Sun
1. Michael S. Malone, Infinite Loop: How the World’s Most Insanely Great Computer Company Went Insane (New York: Doubleday, 1999).
2. Tony Tulathimutte, Private Citizens (New York: HarperCollins, 2016), 104.
3. Paul Graham, “What Happened to Yahoo,” PaulGraham.com, August 2010, http://www.paulgraham.com/yahoo.html.
4. Kim Girard, “Commerce One to Buy CommerceBid,” CNet, January 2, 2002, https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/commerce-one-to-buy-commercebid.
5. John Carreyrou, Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup (New York: Vintage Books, 2020), 70.
6. Emily Bazelon, “The Stanford Undergraduate and the Mentor,” New York Times Magazine, February 11, 2015.
7. Rebecca Parr, “Vice President Joe Biden Visits Biotech Firm Theranos’s Newark Production Facility,” Mercury News, July 23, 2015.
8. Erin Griffith and Erin Woo, “Elizabeth Holmes Found Guilty of Four Charges of Fraud,” New York Times, January 3, 2022.
9. Johana Bhuiyan, “Take a Look at Uber’s First Pitch Deck from 2008,” Vox, August 23, 2017, https://www.vox.com/2017/8/23/16189048/uber-pitchdeck-2008-ubercab-travis-kalanick-founder-start-up.
10. Scott Austin, Stephanie Stamm, and Rolfe Winkler, “Uber Jackpot: Inside One of the Greatest Startup Investments of All Time,” Wall Street Journal, May 10, 2019.
11. Janko Roettgers, “Whatever Happened to Red Swoosh?” GigaOm, May 3, 2008; David Meyer, “eBay Sells StumbleUpon back to founders,” ZDNet, April 14, 2009.
12. Emma G. Fitzsimmons, “Why Are Taxi Drivers in New York Killing Themselves?” New York Times, December 2, 2018.
13. Aaron Benanav, Automation and the Future of Work (New York: Verso Books, 2020), 60.
14. Brad Stone, The Upstarts: How Uber, Airbnb, and the Killer Companies of the New Silicon Valley Are Changing the World (New York: Little, Brown, 2017), 329.
15. Rowland Manthorpe, “Forget Uber vs Lyft, the Real Funding Battle Is between Saudi Princes and Canadian Teachers,” Wired UK, October 20, 2017.
16. Therese Poletti, “Uber and Lyft Are Staging a Ridiculous Race for Fake Profits,” MarketWatch, accessed August 5, 2021, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/uber-and-lyft-are-staging-a-ridiculous-race-for-fake-profits-11628205337.
17. Faiz Siddiqui, “Uber, Other Gig Companies Spend Nearly $200 Million to Knock Down an Employment Law They Don’t Like—And It Might Work,” Washington Post, October 26, 2020.
18. Will Racke, “Former Obama Aide Fined for Illegally Lobbying Chicago Mayor on Behalf of Uber,” Chicago Business Journal, February 16, 2017.
19. The Editorial Board, “Open the Airports to Uber,” Chicago Tribune, October 4, 2015.
20. The Editorial Board, “We Were Wrong to Abandon Chicago’s Taxicabs for Ride-Shares and the City Now Needs to Find a Fix,” Chicago Tribune, September 13, 2021.
21. Biz Stone, “Exclusive: Biz Stone on Twitter and Activism,” The Atlantic, October 19, 2010.
22. Edward Snowden, Permanent Record (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2019), 141.
23. Kashmir Hill, “I Tried to Block Amazon from My Life. It Was Impossible,” Gizmodo, January 22, 2019, https://gizmodo.com/i-tried-to-block-amazon-from-my-life-it-was-impossible-1830565336.
24. Sam Levin, “‘We Have Failed’: How California’s Homelessness Catastrophe Is Worsening,” Guardian, March 22, 2022.
25. See, for example, Julia Carrie Wong, “Wealthy San Francisco Tech Investors Bankroll Bid to Ban Homeless Camps,” Guardian, October 12, 2016.
26. Mike Males, “San Francisco’s ‘Crime Wave’ Is Just One Crime,” Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, January 16, 2020.
27. Wong, “Wealthy San Francisco Tech Investors.”
28. “Twitter Tax Break Approved by San Francisco Supervisors,” San Francisco Examiner, April 5, 2011.
29. Leonardo Castañeda, “Who Owns Silicon Valley?” Reveal, November 4, 2019.
30. Venkatesh Rao, “The Premium Mediocre Life of Maya Millennial,” Ribbonfarm (blog), August 17, 2017, https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2017/08/17/the-premium-mediocre-life-of-maya-millennial.
31. Margaret O’Mara, The Code: Silicon Valley and the Remaking of America (New York: Penguin Press, 2020), 48–49.
32. Jarett Kobek, I Hate the Internet: A Useful Novel against Men, Money, and the Filth of Instagram (Los Angeles, CA: We Heard You Like Books, 2016), 147.
33. Alexandra Goldman, “The ‘Google Shuttle Effect’: Gentrification and San Francisco’s Dot Com Boom 2.0” (master’s thesis, University of California, Berkeley, Department of City and Regional Planning, Spring 2013), 26.
34. Doug Gross, “Google Glass Targeted as Symbol by Anti-Tech Crowd,” CNN Business, April 14, 2014.
35. Bryan Goebel, “S.F. Agency Votes to Make ‘Google Bus’ Program Permanent,” KQED, February 22, 2017.
36. Cary McClelland, Silicon City: San Francisco in the Long Shadow of the Valley (New York: W. W. Norton, 2018), 96.
37. Emily Stewart, “Lawmakers Seem Confused about What Facebook Does—and How to Fix It,” Vox, April 10, 2018, https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/4/10/17222062/mark-zuckerberg-testimony-graham-facebook-regulations.
38. “Machine Intelligence Research Institute Donations Received,” compiled by Vipul Naik, https://donations.vipulnaik.com/donee.php?donee=Machine+Intelligence+Research+Institute.
39. John J. Miller, Karl Zinsmeister, and Ashley May, Agenda Setting: A Wise Giver’s Guide to Influencing Public Policy (Washington, DC: Philanthropy Roundtable, 2015), 54–55.
40. Steve Trousdale, “Those Strong, Silent Stanford Conservatives,” Stanford Daily Magazine, January 26, 1984.
41. Laura Sydell, “Major Trump Backer’s Alleged Positive Comments about Apartheid Stir Anger,” NPR All Tech Considered, November 3, 2016.
42. Barbara Vobejda, “Bennett Assails New Stanford Program,” Washington Post, April 19, 1988.
43. Karlin Lillington, “PayPal Puts Dough in Your Palm,” Wired, July 27, 1999.
44. Jimmy Soni, The Founders: The Story of Paypal and the Entrepreneurs Who Shaped Silicon Valley (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2022), 45–46.
45. Ibid., 371.
46. James Bandler, Justin Elliott, and Patricia Callahan, “Lord of the Roths: How Tech Mogul Peter Thiel Turned a Retirement Account for the Middle Class into a $5 Billion Tax-Free Piggy Bank,” ProPublica, June 24, 2021.
47. Peter A. Thiel and Blake Masters, Zero to One: Notes on Startups, or How to Build the Future (New York: Crown Business, 2014), 21.
48. Sharon Weinberger, “Techie Software Soldier Spy,” New York Magazine, September 28, 2020.
49. Sam Biddle, “How Peter Thiel’s Palantir Helped the NSA Spy on the Whole World,” The Intercept, February 22, 2017, https://theintercept.com/2017/02/22/how-peter-thiels-palantir-helped-the-nsa-spy-on-the-whole-world.
50. Peter Waldman, Lizette Chapman, and Jordan Robertson, “Palantir Knows Everything About You,” Bloomberg Businessweek, April 19, 2018.
51. Arlyn Tobias Gajilan, “Crowd Control—April 1, 2005,” CNN Money, April 1, 2005.
52. Jessi Hempel and Michael V. Copeland, “Are These Widgets Worth Half a Billion?” Fortune, March 25, 2008.
53. Dan Frommer, “Google Only Paid $179 Million for Slide,” Business Insider, October 29, 2010.
54. Emily Steel and Geoffrey A. Fowler, “Facebook in Privacy Breach; Top-Ranked Applications Transmit Personal IDs, a Journal Investigation Finds,” Wall Street Journal, October 18, 2010.
55. Kevin Flood, “Kevin’s Corner: What Are Zynga and RapLeaf Really Looking for in the Facebook Profiles?” Kevin’s Corner (blog), October 25, 2010, https://kevinflood.blogspot.com/2010/10/what-are-zynga-and-rapleaf-really.html.
56. Emily Steel and Geoffrey A. Fowler, “Facebook Says User Data Sold to Broker,” Wall Street Journal, October 31, 2010.
57. Emily Steel, “A Web Pioneer Profiles Users by Name,” Wall Street Journal, October 25, 2010.
58. Emily Steel, “Candidate Apologizes for Using RapLeaf to Target Ads,” Wall Street Journal, October 27, 2010.
59. Steven Levy, Facebook: The Inside Story (New York: Blue Rider Press, 2020), 270.
60. Deborah Gage, “Acxiom to Acquire LiveRamp for $310 Million,” Wall Street Journal, May 14, 2014.
61. Christopher Wylie, Mindf*ck: Cambridge Analytica and the Plot to Break America (New York: Random House, 2019), 83–84.
62. Ibid., 114.
63. Ibid., 112.
64. Harry Davies, “Ted Cruz Using Firm That Harvested Data on Millions of Unwitting Facebook Users,” Guardian, December 11, 2015.
65. Sasha Issenberg, “Cruz-Connected Data Miner Aims to Get Inside U.S. Voters’ Heads,” Bloomberg, November 12, 2015.
66. Max Chafkin, The Contrarian: Peter Thiel and Silicon Valley’s Pursuit of Power (New York: Penguin Press, 2021), 184.
67. Connie Loizos, “‘When You Spend $100 Million on Social Media,’ It Comes with Help, Says Trump Strategist,” TechCrunch, November 8, 2017.
68. Andrew Bosworth, “Thoughts for 2020,” Facebook, December 30, 2019, reposted at https://www.facebook.com/boz/posts/10111288357877121.
69. William Alden, “Palantir Has a Well Placed Friend in Trumpland,” BuzzFeed News, November 17, 2016; Jacqueline Klimas and Bryan Bender, “Palantir Goes from Pentagon Outsider to Mattis’ Inner Circle,” Politico, June 11, 2017.
70. William Alden, “Trump’s Election Boosted Demand for Palantir Shares, Investor Says,” BuzzFeed News, December 15, 2016.
71. “Digital Destroyers: How Big Tech Sells War on Our Communities,” Big Tech Sells War, https://bigtechsellswar.com; Jack Poulson, “Reports of a Silicon Valley/Military Divide Have Been Greatly Exaggerated,” Tech Inquiry, July 7, 2020.
72. Richard Waters, “Palantir Goes Public but Founders Will Have Control for Life,” Financial Times, September 29, 2020.
73. Peter Thiel, “The End of the Future,” National Review, October 3, 2011.
74. Chafkin, The Contrarian, 5.
75. Ibid., 169. Later they allowed up to twenty-two.
76. Owen Thomas, “Billionaire Facebook Investor’s Anti-Immigrant Heresy,” Gawker, November 14, 2008, https://www.gawker.com/5083655/billionaire-facebook-investors-anti-immigrant-heresy; Chafkin, The Contrarian, 140.
77. Andrew Granato, “How Peter Thiel and the Stanford Review Built a Silicon Valley Empire,” Stanford Politics, November 27, 2017.
78. Amelia Lester, “The Voice of the ‘Intellectual Dark Web,’” Politico, December 2018.
79. Adam Becker, “A Science Journal Funded by Peter Thiel Is Running Articles Dismissing Climate Change and Evolution,” Mother Jones, January 29, 2019.
80. For more on the “Dark Enlightenment,” see Shuja Haider, “The Darkness at the End of the Tunnel: Artificial Intelligence and Neoreaction,” Viewpoint, March 28, 2017.
81. Jessica Huseman, Blake Paterson, Bryan Lowry, and Hunter Woodall, “Kris Kobach’s Lucrative Trail of Courtroom Defeats,” ProPublica/Kansas City Star, August 1, 2018.
82. Alex Isenstadt, “Rise of a Megadonor: Thiel Makes a Play for the Senate,” Politico, May 17, 2021.
83. Ryan Holiday, Conspiracy: A True Story of Power, Sex, and a Billionaire’s Secret Plot to Destroy a Media Empire (New York: Penguin, 2018), 9.
84. Chafkin, The Contrarian, 268.
85. Kashmir Hill, “The Secretive Company That Might End Privacy as We Know It,” New York Times, January 18, 2020.
86. Logan McDonald, Ryan Mac, and Caroline Haskins, “Secret Users of Clearview AI’s Facial Recognition Dragnet Included a Former Trump Staffer, a Troll, and Conservative Think Tanks,” BuzzFeed News, March 25, 2020.
87. Adi Robertson, “Palmer Luckey’s Surveillance Startup Anduril Signs Contract for ‘Virtual Border Wall,’” The Verge, July 2, 2020, https://www.theverge.com/2020/7/2/21311433/anduril-palmer-luckey-virtual-border-wall-surveillance-contract-patrol.
88. Anthony Ha, “Aiming to Become the Definitive Source for Location Data, SafeGraph Raises $45M,” TechCrunch, March 16, 2021, https://social.techcrunch.com/2021/03/16/safegraph-series-b.
89. Dorktastical, “PLTR: How to Avoid Eternal Torment by Roko’s Basilisk,” Reddit, R/PLTR, March 29, 2021, https://www.reddit.com/r/PLTR/comments/mfeece/pltr_how_to_avoid_eternal_torment_by_rokos.
90. Joel Shurkin, Broken Genius: The Rise and Fall of William Shockley, Creator of the Electronic Age (London: Macmillan, 2008), 77.
91. William Shockley, “On the Economics of Atomic Bombing,” National Archives at College Park, “Dr. W. B. Shockley’s Files, 1942–1946 (Records of William B. Shockley Relating To The Use of Radar In Very Heavy Bombardment Operations),” 1945.
Chapter 6.1 Resolution
1. Wendy Liu, Abolish Silicon Valley: How to Liberate Technology from Capitalism (London: Repeater Books, 2020), 213.
2. “Liquefied Natural Gas,” Bechtel, accessed April 27, 2022, https://www.bechtel.com/services/energy/liquefied-natural-gas.
3. Bartow J. Elmore, “The Environmental History of an American Bank,” Environmental History 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2022).
4. “Renovo Gas-Fired Power Plant Clears Hurdle,” Lock Haven Express, June 5, 2021.
5. Kellie Hwang, “Yes, the Bay Area Just Suffered Some of Its Worst-Ever Air Quality Days: Charts Show How Bad,” San Francisco Chronicle, September 16, 2020.
6. Reeves Wiedeman, “The Magic Molekule,” New York Magazine, March 16, 2021.
7. Caitlin Yilek, “Jeff Bezos on Future of Spaceflight: ‘We Can Move All Heavy Industry and All Polluting Industry off of Earth,’” CBS News, July 21, 2021.
8. Julia Prodis Sulek, “Steve Jobs’ First Dream for an Apple Headquarters: Coyote Valley, San Jose,” Mercury News, June 11, 2011.
9. Alan Leventhal et al., “Final Report on the Burial and Archaeological Data Recovery Program Conducted on a Portion of a Middle Period Ohlone Indian Cemetery, Yuki Kutsuimi Šaatoš Inūxw [Sand Hill Road] Sites: CASCL-287 and CA-SMA-263, Stanford University, California,” prepared for Stanford University, January 2010, xxii.
10. Jane Gross, “Stanford Agrees to Return Ancient Bones to Indians,” New York Times, June 24, 1989.
11. Glen Sean Coulthard, Red Skin, White Masks: Rejecting the Colonial Politics of Recognition (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014), 179.
12. Renya K. Ramirez, Native Hubs: Culture, Community, and Belonging in Silicon Valley and Beyond (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007), 84.
