The Ancient Engineers, page 51
colonies, 56, 81, 86, 103
Colonna, Cardinal, 360
colonnade, 128, 167, 218, 220, 326, 328
Colosseum, 180 ff, 204, 216, 220, 249
Colossus of Rhodes, 29, 110, 135 ff, 218
colter, 314
Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus, 170
columns, 92 f, 135, 172, 178, 221, 263 f, 328; Egyptian, 44, 45, 46, 49, 94; Greek, 45, 46, 94, 179, 216, 222; Persian, 45, 79; wooden, 84, 273, 290. See also capitals
Communism & Communists, 115, 371
compass, magnetic, 144, 309 f
computers, astronomical, 144, 161 f, 254, 336
concrete, 173 ff, 187, 195-203, 216 f, 223, 361; reinforced, 274
Confucianism, 273, 289, 311
Constans II, 214
Constantine I, 181, 193, 202, 248, 268, 315
Constantine IV, 267
Constantine Palaeologus, 269
Constantinople, 47, 111, 184, 201 f, 214, 261, 269, 288, 313; churches of, 263 ff; fall of, 132, 244, 265, 284, 335; sieges of, 267 f; walls of, 266, 308, 331. See also Byzantium
Contending States, 287 f, 291 f
Copernicus, Nikolaus, 133, 370
copper & coppersmiths, 39, 233, 323, 336
corbels & corbelling, 35, 178, 280
Cordoba, 246, 321
Corinth, 94, 96, 100; Isthmus of, 99 f, 217, 219 corselet or cuirass, 88, 116, 342 corvus, 208
Coster, Laurens Janszoon, 300 cotton, 18, 68, 314 Counter-Reformation, 370 counterweight, 50, 112, 145, 151, 304, 336 Courtrai, 250 cramps, iron, 93, 173 crane, 110, 133 f, 162, 238, 367 crank, 156,157, 228 f, 336, 369 Crapone, Adam de, 357
Crassus, Appius Claudius, 183, 198, 204, 206, 212
Crassus, Lucius Licinius, 172
Crassus, Marcus Licinius, 172, 175, 189, 241, 248
Crecy, 336
crenels & crenelation, 72, 266, 280, 292 f, 331, 332, 333
Crete, 37, 84, 95
crow, 108, 208
Crusades & Crusaders, 92, 111 f, 132, 260 f, 282, 284, 310, 330 f, 340, 352; Children's, 318
Ctesiphon, 234, 270 f
cuirass. See corselet culture. See civilization
Cursor, Lucius Papirius, 198 cutwater, 343 f
Cyclopes, 21
cylinders, 138 ff, 149, 152
Cyrus, 75 ff
Dacia & Dacians, 167, 221 Dahshur, 33
dam, 29, 40 f, 50, 77, 265 f, 269, 279
Dama, 158
Damascus, 276 f, 281 f
Danube River, 221, 250, 314
Daras, 265 f
Darius I, 22, 30, 51, 77-80, 87 f, 114, 233, 273, 278 346
Dark Ages, 244, 251, 315, 331, 340, 350
dart, 104-7, 111, 161, 238, 307
Datus, Nonius, 195 f
Dauism or Taoism, 234, 289
De Architecture 216
Decrianus, 218, 221
Dedefra, 36
Dehuti or Thoth, 235
Deinokrates, 124 f
Deipnosophistai, 237
De la Pirotecnia, 369
Delhi, 276
Delion, 102
Delos, 89
Delta, Nile, 29, 59, 124 ff; Quarter, 128
Demetrios Phalereus, 129, 131
Demetrios Poliorketes, 107-10, 114, 129, 135, 151, 159
Demokritos, 119, 235
demons, 245, 273, 305, 314
Demosthenes, 81
Dentatus, Manius Curius, 198
dentistry, 123, 166
De officiis regum, 306
De re aedificatoria, 360 f
De rebus bellicis, 367
De re metallica, 369
De re militari, 369
De re navali, 369
Description of a Clock, 257
Diades, 108
Diadochoi. See Successors
Dialogue on Two New Sciences, 370
Dialogues, 245
Diana, 93
Didymeion, 93
dieci libri dell' Architettura, I, 360 f
diere or bireme, 81 f, 209
diffusion, 19 f
Dio Cassius, 222
Diocletian, 131, 176, 182, 213, 223, 260; laws of, 246, 258
Diodoros, 73, 76
Diognetos, 110
diolkos, 100
Dionysios of Alexandria, 145
Dionysios the Elder, 103 ff, 113, 115, 159; Ear of, 106
Dionysios the Younger, 98, 103
Dioptra, 238
dolphin, 162
dome, 177 f, 223, 274, 361 f; Byzantine, 263 ff, 281; corbelled, 55, 84, 276; octagonal, 358 f; pendentive, 264; St. Peter's, 361 f
Domitianus, 177, 186, 214, 220
Domus Aurea (Antioch), 315; (Rome), 218
Donatello, 358, 360
Dondi, Giovanni di, 304
Doria, Andrea, 355
Dorians, 65, 86
dragon, 72, 75, 238, 268, 303, 316
dromon, 209
drum, 142 f, 225 f; column, 49, 93,179
Drusus, Nero Claudius, 350
Drusus Caesar, 165
dry dock, 151 f
Duke Ernst of Swabia, 148
Dun-hwang, 298
Duomo, il, 359
Dtirer, Albrecht, 20
Dur Sharrukin, 67, 203
Duthagamini, 274
dye, 82 f, 318
dyke, 278, 350
dynasty, Achaemenid, 76 f; Chaldean, 75; Fourth, 33; Gin, 294, 303 f; Han, 290, 294; Jou, 287, 295; Maurya, 273; Ming, 303, 310 f; Mongol or Yuan, 299, 303, 311; Sassanid, 260, 269; Shang, 287; Sung, 294, 299, 302, 304; Swei, 295; Tang, 244, 295, 298; Third, 32, 44; Twelfth, 37
earthquakes, 35, 84, 118, 358
Edward III, 307
Egnatian Way, 184
Egypt & Egyptians, 21, 44, 83, 86 f, 141, 202, 258, 278; Assyrians in, 37, 67, 69; beliefs of, 31, 46; canals of, 49 ff; Greeks in, 29 f, 33, 37, 121, 124, 128; kings of, 30 ff, 36, 40, 43, 46, 49 f, 151; monuments of, 28 f, 40, 46 f; Ptolemaic, 101, 114, 124, 152; tools of, 39, 42; Upper, 30, 125
Eilmer, 321
electroplating, 234
elements, four, 99, 234
Elements of Mechanics, The, 144 f
elephant, 113-17, 180, 218, 221, 224, 274
Elgin, Earl of, 91
Elixir of Life, 235
Elizabeth I, 170
Ellora, 275
Empedokles, 99, 234
empires & emperors, 23 f, 297, 352; Arab, 24, 277; Assyrian, 24, 67, 70, 80; Athenian, 89, 101; Byzantine or Eastern, 127, 132, 209, 214, 236, 244, 260 ff, 266-69, 279, 312, 316, 330, 352, 356; Chaldean, 70, 75, 80; Chinese, 234, 244, 287 f, 294-97, 301 ff, 310 f; Holy Roman, 282, 313 f, 335, 348, 370; Indian, 275, 277; Persian, 24, 64, 76-80, 86, 114, 117, 269; Roman, 24, 40, 111, 116, 153, 155, 164, 172, 175, 179-85, 188, 199, 205-12, 217-24, 235, 244-47, 250, 253-62, 269, 278 f, 294, 313-17, 323, 325, 344; watershed, 23 f, 85, 98, 164, 178, 180, 260, 279
enceinte, 331, 332
engineers & engineering, ancient, 25, 125; Arabian, 279-82; Assyrian, 62, 64; Byzantine, 260-69; Chinese, 22, 285-312, 321; civil, 165, 223, 370; decline of, 256 ff, 260, 315; Egyptian, 28-52; European, 313-72; Greek, 22, 86-113; Hellenistic, 114-63, 223, 225, 280; Indian, 22, 271-77; Iranian, 22, 77 f, 269 ff; Italian, 308, 370; Islamic, 277-85; mechanical, 303, 337; medieval, 321, 323; Mesopotamian, 53-85; military, 216, 268, 364; modern, 26 f, 369-72; oriental, 22, 260-312; origin of, 15, 20, 26; Phoenician, 78, 80, 102, 110; Renaissance, 243, 339, 357 f, 362; Roman, 22, 163, 164-259, 280; treatises on, 27, 118-24, 236-44, 369
engine, fire, 240; siege, 64, 66, 96, 101 f, 109 f, 161, 163, 168, 216, 237, 252; steam, 27, 147, 163, 242, 243, 253, 255, 263, 300, 370 f
Entemanna, 58
Ephesos, 29, 93, 264
Epidauros, 96
Epimachos, 109
Eraclius, 315
Eratosthenes, 133
Eristratos, 133
Esagila, 74, 76
Esarhaddon, 67, 69
escapement, 254, 301-6, 321, 336
Eskimos, 14 f
Etemenanki, 61 f, 70, 74, 76
Ethiopia. See Abyssinia; Kush
Etruscans, 165 f, 176 f
Eudoxos, 159
eunuchs, 296, 310 f
Eupalinos, 100
Euphrates River, 17, 21, 23, 28, 53 f, 57 f, 67, 70-75, 81, 269
Europe, medieval, 42, 312, 325, 335
Eusebius, 262
Eutychides, 134 f
Evelyn, John, 326
experiment, 97, 118, 318 f
eyeglass, 321 f
facade, 202, 271
Fa Hsyen, 276
Fausto, Vettor, 351
Fayyûm, 33, 50
Ferrara, 345
feudalism, 248, 250, 269, 308, 318, 330, 341, 344, 346, 356
fire, Greek, 267 f
firecrackers, 305
fire fighting, 218, 240 f
fireworks, 364
Fireworks-Book, The, 307
flame thrower, 102, 267 f
Flaminius, Gaius, 183 f
Flavio of Amain, 310
Flevo Lacus, 350
Florence, 34, 344, 357 ff, 362, 366
fly, windmill, 339
Fontana, Domenico, 39, 369
Forbes, Robert J., 170
forceps, 123
forces, 121, 318, 366, 369
fortification & fortresses, 74, 80, 214, 263, 280 f, 308, 331, 334 f, 361, 367
Fortune of Antioch, 134 f
fountains, 196, 199, 346
forum, 164, 208, 220 f, 248; Apii, 206
Franciscans, 319
Francois I, 325, 365
Franklin, Benjamin, 197
Franks, 246, 261, 350
Frederick Barbarossa, 348
Frederick II, Emperor, 282
Freiberg, 307
friction, 123, 366
Frontinus, Sextus Julius, 164, 200 ff, 224, 252 ff
Fulton, Robert, 300
furnaces, 101, 323 f, 327, 338
Gaddi, Taddeo, 344
galeass, 351, 355
Galileo Galilei, 124, 262, 304, 351, 359, 366, 370
Galleon of Venice, 355
galleys, 81, 82, 83 f, 89, 103 f, 121, 158, 162, 208; Byzantine, 209, 267, 351; Hellenistic, 151 ff, 159; medieval, 104, 351 f, 353, 354 f. See also ships
Gandash, 54
Ganges River, 23, 272 f
gastraphetês, 106,107
gate, 56, 67, 334; Ishtar, 72 f; of the Sun & Moon, 128; sluice, 69; wicket, 367
Gaul & Gauls, 184, 231, 244, 246, 350. See also Celts
Gautama, Siddhartha. See Buddha Gaza, 257
gears & gearing, 120 f, 160, 230, 231, 238, 244, 282, 304, 367; crown, 120, 160; rack-and-pinion, 142 f, 336
Gerbert, 246
Germany & Germans, 65, 188, 212, 224, 265, 278 f, 283, 323; castles of, 330, 334
Ghazzâli, al-, 285
Ghiberti, Lorenzo, 358, 360
Ghumdan, 279
gilding, 264, 290
Gioconda, La, 368
Giordano, Friar, 322
girders, 214
Giza, 33, 36
gladiators, 166, 180 f, 189, 205, 217
glass, 83, 169 f, 233, 269, 315; magnifying, 163, 254, 320
gnomes, 369
gnomon, 140 f
gods, Babylonian, 74, 192, 221, 272 f; Egyptian, 158, 235, 239; sun, 110, 135
Goethals, George W., 27
gold & goldsmiths, 80, 234 f, 351; Spanish, 315 f
Golden Age of Greece. See Greece, Golden Age of
Golden House (Antioch), 315; (Rome), 218
gopuram, 276
Goths, 93, 111, 231 f, 244 f, 294
Granada, 132, 281, 331
Grand Canal, 295
Grand Gallery, 35-38
grapnel, 213
Great Pyramid. See Pyramid, Great or Khufu's
Great Wall of China, 29, 34, 292 ff
Greece, 124, 219, 255, 330; Golden Age of, 21, 85-89, 95, 98, 100 ff, 115, 134, 167
Greeks or Hellenes, 86 ff, 102, 165, 177, 260 f, 271, 273, 280; in Egypt, 33, 37, 128
greenhouse, 170
Gregorius of Nyssa, 261
Gregory I, 245
grid, 56, 96 f, 127, 178, 218, 326
groma, 185 f, 238
gugallu, 20
guilds, 263, 327, 336, 345
gun, 145, 306 ff, 335, 340 ff, 355 f, 367; hand, 307, 308
Gundibald, 245
gunpowder, 288, 305 f, 319, 325
Gutenberg, Johann, 300
Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus), 193, 206, 214-21, 263, 313, 346, 358
Hagmatana, 78 f
Halikarnassos, 29
Hall, Hypostyle, 48 f, 79, 177, 273; of a Hundred Columns, 79
halls, audience, 78 f, 177, 182 f, 213, 263, 270; Masonic, 38; town, 164, 263
hammer, trip, 324, 338
Hangchow, 201, 295
Hanging Gardens, 29, 73 ff
haqueton, 252
Harappa, 271 f
harbors, 125, 207 f, 217, 245
harmanaxa, 64, 345
harness, 228, 251
Hastings, 111
Hatshepsut, 47
Hattusas, 71
Haytham, ibn-al-, 278, 319
headers, 174, 247
heating, house, 25, 171 f
helepolis. See belfry
Helios, 135 f, 218, 257
Hellenes. See Greeks
Hellespont, 217
helmet, 88, 115, 340 ff
Henlein, Peter, 304
Henri II, 347 f, 357
Henri IV, 347
Hephaistos, 91 f
Heptastadion, 125, 127
Herakles, 125, 134, 238, 257, 372
Herculaneum, 204, 224
Hermes Trismegistus, 235
Hermias, 116 f
Hermodoros, 165
Herod, 207
Herodotos, 29 f, 33, 36-41, 50 f, 74-78, 100, 116
Heron of Alexandria, 707, 120 f, 139, 146, 159, 223, 237 f, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243 f, 253, 255,
268 f, 278, 309, 338, 370
Heron of Byzantium, 268
Herophilos, 133
Herostratos, 93
Hezekiah, 57
Hieron II, 148-52, 161
High Middle Ages, 317 ff, 323, 327-30, 340 f, 344 f, 354
Himilkon, 104 f
Hinduism, 26, 272, 275, 277
Hipparchos, 253
Hippodamos, 96 f
Hippodrome, 263
history & historians, 86, 215, 262, 271, 279, 310, 315; Chinese, 287 f
Hittites, 65, 71, 284
Ho-di, 296
hoist, 59, 223, 226
Homer, 33, 90, 102
Honan, 287
Honnecourt, Villard de, 283, 321, 328, 337 f
Honorius, 202
Hoover, Herbert, 369
hoplites, 88, 187
Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus), 206
Horatius Codes, 191 f
horizon, artificial, 43; Khufu's, 33
Horologium, 144
horse, 65, 71, 247, 250, 293 f; Meffian, 65 f, 88,
249; Trojan, 102
horseshoe, 250 f, 314
house, 54, 169, 216, 326; courtyard, 55, 99, 166, 173, 281, 290; medieval, 315, 317; Roman, 167, 169, 172
hour, 142, 143, 301
hourglass, 304
Hsüan Dzang, 291
Hsyang-yang, 113
Hulagu Khan, 60, 278
Huns, 113, 181, 261, 277 f, 292 f
Hwangdi, 287, 309
Hwang-ho or Yellow River, 23, 287, 295
hypocaust, 172
Ianiculum, 198, 231
Ibrahim, Hafiz, 39 Id, 54
Idrisi, 126, 148, 270
Iktinos, 90
Iliad, The, 33, 130
Imhotep, 30-33, 239, 369, 371
Inchtuthill, 188
India, 21 f, 80, 112, 117, 250, 258, 278, 286; civilization in, 14, 245, 271
Indians, American, 132
Indo-Europeans. See Aryans
Indus River, 14, 17, 23, 56, 114, 271
infantry, 184, 208, 250, 341, 363; Roman, 187 f
Inquisition, 370
insulae, 169, 179,199, 204, 213, 218
invention & inventors, 25, 118, 171, 224, 267, 320 f, 357; Chinese, 289, 296; Hellenistic, 300 f; Heron's, 239, 242; independent, 20, 113; military, 252 f; Muslim, 141, 321; patentable, 16,25; primitive, 15 f
Ioannes Philiponus, 262
Iran & Iranians, 22, 65, 114, 245, 260, 269, 278 f, 283 f, 299, 338 f. See also Persia
Iraq. See Mesopotamia
iron, 63, 89 f, 115 f, 135, 253, 274, 323 ff, 329, 334; cast, 101, 296, 324; Chinese, 288, 296, 324; Indian, 276, 296
Iron Pillar of Delhi, 276
irrigation, 20, 23, 50, 77, 205, 274, 348; Iranian, 66, 269, 283; Mesopotamian, 53, 59 f; qanât, 66, 77
Isidoros the Elder, 263 f
Isidoros the Younger, 265
Isis, 158, 235, 255
Islam, 26, 132, 277, 279, 285, 317. See also Muslims
Israel, 19, 86
Italy & Italians, 181, 206, 244, 246, 314, 359
Jabir ibn-Hayyân, 325
jacks, 157, 282, 301
Jang Sz-hsün, 302
Japan & Japanese, 181, 291, 297, 305
Jazari, al-, 257, 282
Jefferson, Thomas, 215
Jêng Ho, 310
Jengis Khan, 284, 294
Jerusalem, 57,70, 203
Jerwan, 68, 75
Jesuits, 243, 303 f, 311
Jews, Hebrews, or Israelites, 19, 70, 83, 86, 124, 128, 136, 219, 265, 280, 316, 318
Jïjï, 113
Jiménez, Cardinal, 132
Joab, 57
John, King, 318
Joseph, 31, 38, 239
Joser, 30-33,40, 44, 239, 328
Judaism, 26, 256
Jugo Lyang, 289
Julia, 215 f
Julian, 156, 346
Julius II, 361 f
Jundishapur, 280
Jupiter, 29,165,179
Jurchens, 294, 303
Justinian, 124, 257, 262 f, 266, 279
Kaifêng, 302-5
Kalakh or Nimrud, 203
Kallias, 110
Kallikrates, 90
Kallimachos, 94
Kallinikos, 267 £
Kallisthenes, 117
Kameiros, 203
Kanofer, 30 f
Kansu, 286, 293,298
kariz. See qanât
Karnak, 48
Kassandros, 129
Kassites, 54,65
kataphraktoi, 266 f
keep or donjon, 74, 331, 332, 334
Kerak des Chevaliers, 330,333
key, 171, 238
keyboard, 138
Khafra, 36 f, 46
Khalifah. See Caliphs
Khammurabi, 53 f, 271
Khasekhemui, 40
Khem. See Egypt
Khnum, 31, 239
Khnumabra, 30 f
Khufu or Cheops, 19, 33-42, 50,126
Khujut Rabu'a, 234 Khusrau, 279
Khuwaresm or Chorasmia, 80, 284
King's Chamber, 35 f
kings, 37, 63, 84, 86, 113, 171, 191, 207, 273 £, 291, 308, 315; Assyrian, 62, 65, 67, 71; Babylonian, 62, 74 f, 271, 297; divine, 23 f, 41, 279; Egyptian, 30 ff, 36, 40, 43, 46, 49 f, 62, 101, 114, 133, 151, 179 f, 235, 253, 271; French, 326, 346 f, 352, 365; German, 244 f, 313; Hellenistic, 115, 151, 182, 185, 188; Macedonian, 101, 108, 114; Persian, 51, 76-80, 83, 114, 185, 269 f, 279; Seleucid, 76, 83, 114, 180, 182
