Pharma, page 113
Napp Pharmaceuticals purchased by, 213–14
Norman Bethune as “moral exemplar” of, 67
Panalba and, 228
Park Avenue residence of, 358
as patriarch of Sackler family, 270
Pauling and, 399
President’s Advisory Commission on Narcotic and Drug Abuse and, 192, 194, 197–98
psychiatric research of, 76–78, 88, 612n3, 4
safe haven for blacklisted journalists created by, 104–8
Scientific American and, 399
Sigmamycin and, 117–19, 221, 230
Singer and, 193, 649n15, 651n37
Sonnenreich and, 80, 253–61, 270–75, 281, 282, 286, 358–59, 400–402
Stern and, 73, 81, 82 interview by FBI over friendship with, 166
stock trading of, 82–83
subway noise experiments and, 251–52
Terramycin and, 63–64, 91–94, 96, 97, 185
tetracycline and, 110, 111
tranquilizers and, 149, 150
Valium and, 186–89, 194, 203, 205–6, 253, 256, 324–27
Vatican and, 358
web of companies formed by, 103–4, 214n, 323n, 403–4, 458n, 532
WHO and, 250–51
Sackler, Arthur, Jr., 84, 267, 278, 400, 676n25
Sackler, Beverly, 74, 75n, 101, 281, 398n, 403, 474 membership in Communist Party, 74, 75n
Sackler, Carol, see Master, Carol Sackler
Sackler, David, 409, 441n, 474, 480, 487, 488, 490–91, 529, 531
Sackler, Elizabeth, 83, 400, 401, 527, 528, 607n86, 760n28, 761n32
Sackler, Else, 67, 74, 77, 78, 79, 81, 134, 135, 173, 196, 271, 400, 401, 643n42, 43 Arthur’s divorce from, 83–84
Arthur’s marriage to, 67
Sackler, Gertraud, 283, 284n
Sackler, Ilene, 398n, 403, 474
Sackler, Isaac, 65, 66, 68
Sackler, Jillian, 398n, 400–402, 527 Arthur’s marriage to, 358, 401
Sackler, Jonathan, 398n, 403, 437, 473, 480
Sackler, Kathe, 398n, 403, 437, 474, 480, 527
Sackler, Marietta, 81–87, 88, 103–4, 132, 193, 196, 250, 251, 258, 261, 267, 270, 271, 275, 277, 280, 284, 285n, 400, 460, 612n2, 629n9, 653n29, 676n25 Arthur’s affair with, 83
Arthur’s divorce from, 358
Arthur’s marriage to, 84
Arthur’s meeting of, 81
Sackler, Mortimer, xi, 66, 67, 74–76, 78, 79n, 81–83, 88, 96, 98, 101–3, 103n, 110, 118, 250–52, 261, 262, 268, 268n, 270–71, 273–75, 277, 283–84, 286, 323–24, 369, 398–402, 398n, 404n, 437, 442, 443, 473, 480–82, 523–25, 531 charitable requests, 278–79, 682n44
children of, 398n
L-Glutavite and, 119–22
Metropolitan Museum and, 280–81, 356–57
Napp Pharmaceuticals purchased by, 213–14
pain control medication and, 217
tax avoidance scheme by, 525
Sackler, Mortimer, Jr., 398n, 403, 437, 473, 480–81
Sackler, Muriel Lazarus, 88, 283
Sackler, Raymond, xi, 66, 67, 74–76, 78, 79n, 81–83, 98, 101–3, 110, 250–52, 261, 262, 267, 268, 270–71, 273–75, 284, 286, 323–24, 369, 396, 398–402, 398n, 403, 404n, 406, 439, 442, 451–52, 458, 460, 480, 523–25, 531 charitable bequests, 278–79, 682n44
FBI and, 74, 75, 101–2
Grant estate purchased by, 276–78
L-Glutavite and, 119–22
membership in Communist Party, 74, 75n
Metropolitan Museum and, 194n, 280–81, 356–57
Napp Pharmaceuticals purchased by, 213–14
Sackler, Richard, 267, 396–99, 403–6, 420, 436, 437, 439–41, 444, 458, 460, 473, 478, 480–82, 487, 488, 490, 499, 523, 527
Sackler, Robert, 268n
Sackler, Sophie, 65–68, 84, 270
Sackler, Theresa, 281, 403, 474, 525n
Sackler family, xi, 88–89, 96, 98, 100, 107–9, 126, 270–71, 323, 398, 486, 490, 523–34 charitable foundations and philanthropy of, 79n, 98, 107n, 195, 278, 279, 527–28
FBI and, xi, 69–70, 74, 75, 77, 101–2, 104–7, 109, 110, 165–66
information disguised as research disseminated by, 108
Kefauver “Sackler empire” investigation and, 131–33
left-wing politics and, xi, 74–78, 81, 101–2, 104–6, 109
L-Glutavite and, 119–22
Metropolitan Museum and, 192–97, 194n, 273, 279–84, 285, 356–59, 526, 528
OxyContin and, see OxyContin
political contributions of, 460
as public face of Purdue, 103n
Purdue purchased by, xi, 96, 108, 250, 442
real estate purchases by, 277, 358, 525n, 531
research grants and, 107–8
tax mitigation and, 196, 267–68, 278, 281, 284, 403, 523–26, 531
wealth of, 277, 278, 493
web of companies formed by, 103–4, 214n
Welch scandal and, 131–34
Sackler Museum, 359
Sackler School of Medicine, 278–79, 323n
safety, drug, 35, 78, 175, 176, 178, 180, 376–77
safety, food, see food safety
St. Christopher’s, 213, 214, 216
St. Elizabeth’s Hospital, 144
St. Joseph’s, 211–12
St. Mary’s Medical School, 211
sales representatives, see detail men
salicylic acid, 10, 14 Bayer omits Jewish discoverer of, 579–80n42
trademarked as aspirin, 10
Salk, Jonas, 45, 113, 298, 328 opposed to patents for drugs derived from nature, 44–45
salmonella, 43
Salt Lake Tribune, 479
samples (drugs), free, 124, 187–88, 223
Sanchez-Ubeda, Rafael, 191n
Sanders, Bernie, 501n
Sandoz, 416
San Francisco, Calif., 339–42, 349, 351
San Francisco Chronicle, 104
Sanger, Margaret, 139n
Sankyo Pharmaceuticals, 386
Sannerud, Christine, 445, 453
Sanofi, 307–8
Sanofi Aventis, 512
Sapienza, Frank, 445, 453–55
Saturday Evening Post, 82
Saturday Review, 120, 123–24, 134
Saunders, Cicely, 210–17, 257, 269, 363 search for hospice painkiller, 212–16
scarlet fever, 48
Schatz, Albert, 43–45
schedules, drug, 256–58, 260n, 289, 369, 378, 385n
Schering, 68–69, 72–74, 81, 82, 115, 129, 160, 165–66, 246, 356, 426 FBI investigation of, 69–70
as Nazi money conduit, 69
Schering, Ernst Christian Friedrich, 5
Schering-Plough, 73, 120, 129, 334n, 379, 431 Claritin, 429–31
schizophrenia, 88, 94, 121, 122, 135, 143
Schmeck, Harold, 297
Schneider, Benjamin, 102–3
Schwab’s Pharmacy, 148
Schwartz, Herman, 167–70
science: advances in, 47–48, 383–84
“Big Science,” 47
faith in, 95, 175
Science, 266, 299, 333, 346n, 360
Science Information Bureau, 85
Scientific American, 362, 399
Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace, 81
Scope Weekly, 167
Scott, Alan, 373n
Scott, Rick, 138n
Seaman, Barbara, 237, 244, 246, 290
Searle, 272 Enovid, 139–41, 234–36, 243, 246
Sears and Roebuck, 7, 73
Seasonale, 373
Seconal, 143
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 83, 123
sedatives, see tranquilizers and sedatives
Senate, U.S., 82, 90n, 122, 185, 225, 228 Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee, 128
Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, 453
Finance Committee, 487–88
Internal Security Subcommittee, 105
Judiciary Committee, 174
Kefauver committee investigations, 127–38, 139, 149, 158–64, 165–73
Sackler’s testimony before, 164, 165–73
Sencer, David, 298, 299, 305–6, 348–49
senile agitation, 145
Senokot, 110, 171, 277, 397
Seroquel, 382
Serpasil, 113
Sevredol, 397
Sex and the City, 374
Sexual Medicine Today, 278
Shafer, Jack, 105
Shafer, Raymond, 259
Shafer Commission, 259–60 Sonnenreich as executive director of, 259
Shakil, Saate, 514
Shapiro, Josh, 530
Sharp & Dohme, 94, 202, 300, 315
shigellosis, 341
Shilts, Randy, 340, 341
shingles, 28
Shirkey, Harry, 178
Shkreli, Martin, 515, 516
Shorter, Edward, 229
side effects, 162, 177–78, 184, 201–2, 326, 404, 424, 627n25 advertisements and, 222, 423
from chlorpropamide, 93n
from contraceptive pill, 234–46
from Librium, 185
from MER/29, 169–70
from Miltown, 149
from Valium, 187
from Vioxx, 433
Siegel, Mary, 98
Sigerist, Henry, 107
Sigmamycin, 117–19, 124–25, 221, 230 Arthur Sackler role in advertisement with fake doctors, 125–26, 230
Silber, Fritz, 107
sildenafil (Rivatio; Viagra), 372–73, 430, 441
Silent Spring (Carson), 175
Simpson, Wallis, 71–72
Sinclair, Upton, 19
Singer, Paul, 193, 197
sinus infections, 58 antibiotics overprescribed for, 232
60 Minutes, 447, 514, 526
Skoien, Mike, 520–21
Skolek, Brian, 463–65, 467, 474–75
Skolek, Jill Carol, 463–69, 474–76
Skolek, Marianne, 463–69, 474–76 assistance to U.S. attorney, 468–69
confrontation with J. David Haddox, 466–67
role in FDA’s warning letter to Purdue, 465–66
Senate testimony, 475–76
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 220, 363
smallpox, 9, 27, 344, 576n13, 686n3
Smith, Austin, 129–30
Smith & Nephew Pharmaceuticals, 214–17
Smith Kline, 26, 29, 39, 137, 143, 147n, 384, 389 LYMErix, 308n
Proloprim, 520
Tagamet, 264–65, 383–85, 387, 430
Thorazine, 113, 137, 143–49, 157, 212, 381–82
SmithKline Beecham, 389, 460, 494
Smithsonian Institution, 192, 358–59, 528
smoking, 92, 94–95, 218, 261, 428
socialists, 66, 69–70
social phobias, 328
Soliris, 511
somatostatin, 333–34
Sonnenreich, Emmanuel “Manny,” 254
Sonnenreich, Fay, 254
Sonnenreich, Michael, 254, 270–75, 281, 282, 286, 358–59, 400–402 accepts job offer from Arthur Sackler, 261
art collection of, 274
at Justice Department, 253, 255–57, 270
as Sackler confidant, 271–75, 400–401
Sonorant Therapeutics, 514
Sophian, Lawrence, 108
Southam, Chester, 220–21
Soviet Union, 73, 77, 78, 106, 119, 159, 165, 399
Spain, 89
Spanish Civil War, 89, 107
Spanish flu epidemic of 1918, 27–28, 65, 296–97, 305, 307, 344, 520
Spectrum, 92
Sperber, Richard, 120, 190, 267
Spilker, Bert, 414n
Springer Publishing, 400
Squibb, 6, 8, 21, 27, 33, 36–38, 41, 41n, 42, 44, 49, 76, 90, 111, 114, 115, 130, 379, 384, 385 Capoten, 263–64, 387
FTC complaint against, 122–23, 159
Squibb, Edward Robinson, 6
Squibb family, xi
stagflation, 390
Stalin, Joseph, 75
Stanford University, 332
staph bacteria, 29, 124, 228, 313
Starr, Douglas, 315
STAT, 501n
statins, 506n Lipitor, 370, 431–32
lovastatin, 387
Sterling Drugs, 216
Stern, Alfred, 73, 81, 82, 85, 96, 106n, 107, 119, 165–66
Stern, Martha Dodd, see Dodd, Martha
Sternbach, Leo, 150–52, 157, 185–86, 328, 637n72, 637n79, 639n111, 696n9 dispute with Earl Reeder over Librium and Valium, 151, 637n79, 639n111
view on responsibility of a drug’s discoverer for its use, 328
Sternbach, Michael, 157
Stevenson, Adlai, 128n
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 7n
Stigler, George, 180
stimulants, see amphetamines
stocks, stock market, 286 of Chemway Corp., 121–22
insider trading of, 82–83
prices of, 82
Sackler and, 82–83
Stone, Edward Durell, 276
Stonewall raid, 340
Stopping Valium (Bargmann), 328
Strassburger, Phil, 484
streptococcal infections, 30, 118
streptomycin, 43–46, 48–49, 53, 59–60, 99, 117, 332n, 519
stress, 90, 145, 188, 204–6 grants for Arthur Sackler’s studies on noise and, 251, 671n24
see also anxiety
SubbaRow, Yellapragada, 50–53, 55, 56
Sudler & Hennessey, 273
sugar, 21n
suicide, 222, 414, 439, 455 doctor-assisted, 210, 212
sulfa drugs, 30–32, 35–37, 44, 131, 143 penicillin and, 117
Prontosil, 30, 32, 36
sulfamethoxypyridazine, 158n
sulfanilamides, 32, 94
sulfonamide, 30
sulfites, 14
Sullivan, Louis, 460
superbugs, see antibiotic resistance and superbugs
supplements, 8, 240, 428
Supreme Court, U.S., 25–26, 44, 184, 229, 230, 332n, 350 United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca Cola, 23
United States v. Johnson, 20
Susann, Jacqueline, 189
sustained-release drugs, 268–69, 376, 492 MST Continus, 269, 339, 369, 375–76, 395, 397, 443
OxyContin as, 252, 269, 405, 408, 415, 419–20, 439, 442, 446
Swanson, Robert, 331–33, 335, 337
swine flu, 296–309, 348, 520 CDC failure to warn of neurological complications, 305–6
Switzerland, 26, 68, 137, 150
Synacthen, 514
Syntex, 116, 385n
Synthroid, 505–6
syphilis, 36, 341 Tuskegee Study on, 55n, 221, 246n
Tagamet, 264–65, 383–85, 387, 430 first drug with $1 billion in annual sales, 384–85
Tandy, Karen, 459
Tao-Chi, 283
Tasigna, 507n
Task Force on Prescription Drugs, 224
taxes, 18, 39, 42, 267–68, 284, 352, 353 on alcohol, 15, 218
health insurance and, 131
intellectual property and, 252
Sacklers and, 196, 267–68, 278, 281, 284, 403, 523–26, 531
on tobacco, 218
Taxol, 395–96
Taylor, Elizabeth, 324
tea, 22, 23
technological advances, 383–84 postwar, 47–48
television, 127, 154–55 closed-circuit, 187, 188
drug advertising on, 423–27, 429–31, 433–34, 438
Temple of Dendur, 279–81, 283n, 285, 356–57, 526, 528
Terramycin, 61–64, 91–94, 96, 97, 99, 110, 156, 185 Arthur Sackler promotion of, 91–94
Tesla, Nikola, 328, 605n66
tetracycline, 99, 110–12, 114–16, 117, 122–23, 130, 158, 159, 181, 227, 500
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, 485n, 528n, 532
thalidomide, 174–75, 177, 181, 219, 238, 241, 243, 247, 374, 376 as impetus for drug legislation, 174–75
Theranos, 338n
therapeutic claims, 20, 112, 120, 221, 225, 245 see also efficacy of drugs
Thill, Werner, 320
Thompson, Ed, 447
Thompson Medical Company, 380
Thorazine, 113, 137, 143–49, 157, 212, 381–82 reduces number of patients in mental asylums, 144–45
Time, 71, 127, 128, 141, 148, 149, 154, 189, 287, 349, 361–63, 422, 431
time-release drugs, see sustained-release drugs
Timoptic, 383
Tishler, Max, 37, 38
tobacco and smoking, 92, 94–95, 218, 261, 428
Tong, William, 500–501
tonsillitis, 36
Tourette syndrome, 507
toxoplasmosis, 322
trademarks, 158
Tramadol, 407
tranquilizers and sedatives, 27, 94, 128, 131, 136, 137, 142–43, 149–51, 157, 167, 235, 288n, 324 barbiturates, see barbiturates
benzodiazepines, see benzodiazepines
Equanil, 147, 148, 153, 155–57, 189, 201, 222, 228
Librium, see Librium
Miltown, 147–52, 155–57, 185, 186, 189, 192, 197–98, 201, 222, 228, 253, 257, 258n, 407
minor, 146–49, 222
negative connotations of, 147
phenobarbital, 21, 27, 205, 324
Thorazine, 113, 137, 143–49, 157, 212, 381–82
Valium, see Valium
women and, 202–3
Transorient, 79
Transparent Drug Pricing Act, 138n
Tri-Cyclen, 373
Trudeau, Mark, 514
True Life, 449
True Story, 140
