THE VICAR’S DAUGHTER, page 18
“That would in all likelihood be the tendency of your subscription,” said
Mr. Blackstone.
“Then why should I?” repeated Mr. Morley with a smile of triumph.
“But,” said Miss Clare, in an apologetic tone, “it seems to me you make a mistake in regarding the poor as if their poverty were the only distinction by which they could be classified. The poor are not all thieves and garroters, nor even all unthankful and unholy. There are just as strong and as delicate distinctions too, in that stratum of social existence as in the upper strata. I should imagine Mr. Morley knows a few, belonging to the same social grade with himself, with whom, however, he would be sorry to be on any terms of intimacy.”
“Not a few,” responded Mr. Morley with a righteous frown.
“Then I, who know the poor as well at least as you can know the rich, having lived amongst them almost from childhood, assert that I am acquainted with not a few, who, in all the essentials of human life and character, would be an honor to any circle.”
“I should be sorry to seem to imply that there may not be very worthy people amongst them, Miss Clare; but it is not such who draw our attention to the class.”
“Not such who force themselves upon your attention certainly,” said Miss Clare; “but the existence of such may be an additional reason for bestowing some attention on the class to which they belong. Is there not such a mighty fact as the body of Christ? Is there no connection between the head and the feet?”
“I had not the slightest purpose of disputing the matter with you, Miss Clare,” said Mr. Morley — I thought rudely, for who would use the word disputing at a dinner-table? “On the contrary, being a practical man, I want to know what is to be done. It is doubtless a great misfortune to the community that there should be such sinks in our cities; but who is to blame for it? — that is the question.”
“Every man who says, Am I my brother’s keeper? Why, just consider, Mr. Morley: suppose in a family there were one less gifted than the others, and that in consequence they all withdrew from him, and took no interest in his affairs: what would become of him? Must he not sink?”
“Difference of rank is a divine appointment, — you must allow that. If there were not a variety of grades, the social machine would soon come to a stand-still.”
“A strong argument for taking care of the smallest wheel, for all the parts are interdependent. That there should be different classes is undoubtedly a divine intention, and not to be turned aside. But suppose the less-gifted boy is fit for some manual labor; suppose he takes to carpentering, and works well, and keeps the house tidy, and every thing in good repair, while his brothers pursue their studies and prepare for professions beyond his reach: is the inferior boy degraded by doing the best he can? Is there any reason in the nature of things why he should sink? But he will most likely sink, sooner or later, if his brothers take no interest in his work, and treat him as a being of nature inferior to their own.”
“I beg your pardon,” said Mr. Morley, “but is he not on the very supposition inferior to them?”
“Intellectually, yes; morally, no; for he is doing his work, possibly better than they, and therefore taking a higher place in the eternal scale. But granting all kinds of inferiority, his nature remains the same with their own; and the question is, whether they treat him as one to be helped up, or one to be kept down; as one unworthy of sympathy, or one to be honored for filling his part: in a word, as one belonging to them, or one whom they put up with only because his work is necessary to them.”
“What do you mean by being ‘helped up’?” asked Mr. Morley.
“I do not mean helped out of his trade, but helped to make the best of it, and of the intellect that finds its development in that way.”
“Very good. But yet I don’t see how you apply your supposition.”
“For an instance of application, then: How many respectable people know or care a jot about their servants, except as creatures necessary to their comfort?”
“Well, Miss Clare,” said Judy, addressing her for the first time, “if you had had the half to do with servants I have had, you would alter your opinion of them.”
“I have expressed no opinion,” returned Miss Clare. “I have only said that masters and mistresses know and care next to nothing about them.”
“They are a very ungrateful class, do what you will for them.”
“I am afraid they are at present growing more and more corrupt as a class,” rejoined Miss Clare; “but gratitude is a high virtue, therefore in any case I don’t see how you could look for much of it from the common sort of them. And yet while some mistresses do not get so much of it as they deserve, I fear most mistresses expect far more of it than they have any right to.”
“You can’t get them to speak the truth.”
“That I am afraid is a fact.”
“I have never known one on whose word I could depend,” insisted Judy.
“My father says he has known one,” I interjected.
“A sad confirmation of Mrs. Morley,” said Miss Clare. “But for my part I know very few persons in any rank on whose representation of things I could absolutely depend. Truth is the highest virtue, and seldom grows wild. It is difficult to speak the truth, and those who have tried it longest best know how difficult it is. Servants need to be taught that as well as everybody else.”
“There is nothing they resent so much as being taught,” said Judy.
“Perhaps: they are very far from docile; and I believe it is of little use to attempt giving them direct lessons.”
“How, then, are you to teach them?”
“By making it very plain to them, but without calling their attention to it, that you speak the truth. In the course of a few years they may come to tell a lie or two the less for that.”
“Not a very hopeful prospect,” said Judy.
“Not a very rapid improvement,” said her husband.
“I look for no rapid improvement, so early in a history as the supposition implies,” said Miss Clare.
“But would you not tell them how wicked it is?” I asked.
“They know already that it is wicked to tell lies; but they do not feel that they are wicked in making the assertions they do. The less said about the abstract truth, and the more shown of practical truth, the better for those whom any one would teach to forsake lying. So, at least, it appears to me. I despair of teaching others, except by learning myself.”
“If you do no more than that, you will hardly produce an appreciable effect in a lifetime.”
“Why should it be appreciated?” rejoined Miss Clare.
“I should have said, on the contrary,” interposed Mr. Blackstone, addressing Mr. Morley, “if you do less — for more you cannot do — you will produce no effect whatever.”
“We have no right to make it a condition of our obedience, that we shall see its reflex in the obedience of others,” said Miss Clare. “We have to pull out the beam, not the mote.”
“Are you not, then, to pull the mote out of your brother’s eye?” said Judy.
“In no case and on no pretence, until you have pulled the beam out of your own eye,” said Mr. Blackstone; “which I fancy will make the duty of finding fault with one’s neighbor a rare one; for who will venture to say he has qualified himself for the task?”
It was no wonder that a silence followed upon this; for the talk had got to be very serious for a dinner-table. Lady Bernard was the first to speak. It was easier to take up the dropped thread of the conversation than to begin a new reel.
“It cannot be denied,” she said, “whoever may be to blame for it, that the separation between the rich and the poor has either been greatly widened of late, or, which involves the same practical necessity, we have become more aware of the breadth and depth of a gulf which, however it may distinguish their circumstances, ought not to divide them from each other. Certainly the rich withdraw themselves from the poor. Instead, for instance, of helping them to bear their burdens, they leave the still struggling poor of whole parishes to sink into hopeless want, under the weight of those who have already sunk beyond recovery. I am not sure that to shoot them would not involve less injustice. At all events, he that hates his brother is a murderer.”
“But there is no question of hating here,” objected Mr. Morley.
“I am not certain that absolute indifference to one’s neighbor is not as bad. It came pretty nearly to the same thing in the case of the priest and the Levite, who passed by on the other side,” said Mr. Blackstone.
“Still,” said Mr. Morley, in all the self-importance of one who prided himself on the practical, “I do not see that Miss Clare has proposed any remedy for the state of things concerning the evil of which we are all agreed. What is to be done? What can I do now? Come, Miss Clare.”
Miss Clare was silent.
“Marion, my child,” said Lady Bernard, turning to her, “will you answer Mr.
Morley?”
“Not, certainly, as to what he can do: that question I dare not undertake to answer. I can only speak of what principles I may seem to have discovered. But until a man begins to behave to those with whom he comes into personal contact as partakers of the same nature, to recognize, for instance, between himself and his trades-people a bond superior to that of supply and demand, I cannot imagine how he is to do any thing towards the drawing together of the edges of the gaping wound in the social body.”
“But,” persisted Mr. Morley, who, I began to think, showed some real desire to come at a practical conclusion, “suppose a man finds himself incapable of that sort of thing — for it seems to me to want some rare qualification or other to be able to converse with an uneducated person” —
“There are many such, especially amongst those who follow handicrafts,” interposed Mr. Blackstone, “who think a great deal more than most of the so-called educated. There is a truer education to be got in the pursuit of a handicraft than in the life of a mere scholar. But I beg your pardon, Mr. Morley.”
“Suppose,” resumed Mr. Morley, accepting the apology without disclaimer,— “Suppose I find I can do nothing of that sort; is there nothing of any sort I can do?”
“Nothing of the best sort, I firmly believe,” answered Miss Clare; “for the genuine recognition of the human relationship can alone give value to whatever else you may do, and indeed can alone guide you to what ought to be done. I had a rather painful illustration of this the other day. A gentleman of wealth and position offered me the use of his grounds for some of my poor friends, whom I wanted to take out for a half-holiday. In the neighborhood of London, that is a great boon. But unfortunately, whether from his mistake or mine, I was left with the impression that he would provide some little entertainment for them; I am certain that at least milk was mentioned. It was a lovely day; every thing looked beautiful; and although they were in no great spirits, poor things, no doubt the shade and the grass and the green trees wrought some good in them. Unhappily, two of the men had got drunk on the way; and, fearful of giving offence, I had to take them back to the station. — for their poor helpless wives could only cry, — and send them home by train. I should have done better to risk the offence, and take them into the grounds, where they might soon have slept it off under a tree. I had some distance to go, and some difficulty in getting them along; and when I got back I found things in an unhappy condition, for nothing had been given them to eat or drink, — indeed, no attention, had been paid them whatever. There was company at dinner in the house, and I could not find any one with authority. I hurried into the neighboring village, and bought the contents of two bakers’ shops, with which I returned in time to give each a piece of bread before the company came out to look at them. A gayly-dressed group, they stood by themselves languidly regarding the equally languid but rather indignant groups of ill-clad and hungry men and women upon the lawn. They made no attempt to mingle with them, or arrive at a notion of what was moving in any of their minds. The nearest approach to communion I saw was a poke or two given to a child with the point of a parasol. Were my poor friends likely to return to their dingy homes with any great feeling of regard for the givers of such cold welcome?”
“But that was an exceptional case,” said Mr. Morley.
“Chiefly in this,” returned Miss Clare, “that it was a case at all — that they were thus presented with a little more room on the face of the earth for a few hours.”
“But you think the fresh air may have done them good?”
“Yes; but we were speaking, I thought, of what might serve towards the filling up of the gulf between the classes.”
“Well, will not all kindness shown to the poor by persons in a superior station tend in that direction?”
“I maintain that you can do nothing for them in the way of kindness that shall not result in more harm than good, except you do it from and with genuine charity of soul; with some of that love, in short, which is the heart of religion. Except what is done for them is so done as to draw out their trust and affection, and so raise them consciously in the human scale, it can only tend either to hurt their feelings and generate indignation, or to encourage fawning and beggary. But” —
“I am entirely of your mind,” said Mr. Blackstone. “But do go on.”
“I was going to add,” said Miss Clare, “that while no other charity than this can touch the sore, a good deal might yet be effected by bare justice. It seems to me high time that we dropped talking about charity, and took up the cry of justice. There, now, is a ground on which a man of your influence, Mr. Morley, might do much.”
“I don’t know what you mean, Miss Clare. So long as I pay the market value for the labor I employ, I do not see how more can be demanded of me — as a right, that is.”
“We will not enter on that question, Marion, if you please,” said Lady
Bernard.
Miss Clare nodded, and went on.
“Is it just in the nation,” she said, “to abandon those who can do nothing to help themselves, to be preyed upon by bad landlords, railway-companies, and dishonest trades-people with their false weights, balances, and measures, and adulterations to boot, — from all of whom their more wealthy brethren are comparatively safe? Does not a nation exist for the protection of its parts? Have these no claims on the nation? Would you call it just in a family to abandon its less gifted to any moral or physical spoiler who might be bred within it? To say a citizen must take care of himself may be just where he can take care of himself, but cannot be just where that is impossible. A thousand causes, originating mainly in the neglect of their neighbors, have combined to sink the poor into a state of moral paralysis: are we to say the paralyzed may be run over in our streets with impunity? Must they take care of themselves? Have we not to awake them to the very sense that life is worth caring for? I cannot but feel that the bond between such a neglected class, and any nation in which it is to be found, is very little stronger than, if indeed as strong as, that between slaves and their masters. Who could preach to them their duty to the nation, except on grounds which such a nation acknowledges only with the lips?”
“You have to prove, Miss Clare,” said Mr. Morley, in a tone that seemed intended to imply that he was not in the least affected by mistimed eloquence, “that the relation is that of a family.”
“I believe,” she returned, “that it is closer than the mere human relation of the parts of any family. But, at all events, until we are their friends it is worse than useless to pretend to be such, and until they feel that we are their friends it is worse than useless to talk to them about God and religion. They will none of it from our lips.”
“Will they from any lips? Are they not already too far sunk towards the brutes to be capable of receiving any such rousing influence?” suggested Mr. Blackstone with a smile, evidently wishing to draw Miss Clare out yet further.
“You turn me aside, Mr. Blackstone. I wanted to urge Mr. Morley to go into parliament as spiritual member for the poor of our large towns. Besides, I know you don’t think as your question would imply. As far as my experience guides me, I am bound to believe that there is a spot of soil in every heart sufficient for the growth of a gospel seed. And I believe, moreover, that not only is he a fellow-worker with God who sows that seed, but that he also is one who opens a way for that seed to enter the soil. If such preparation were not necessary, the Saviour would have come the moment Adam and Eve fell, and would have required no Baptist to precede him.”
A good deal followed which I would gladly record, enabled as I now am to assist my memory by a more thorough acquaintance with the views of Miss Clare. But I fear I have already given too much conversation at once.
CHAPTER XXIII.
THE END OF THE EVENING.
What specially delighted me during the evening, was the marked attention, and the serious look in the eyes, with which Roger listened. It was not often that he did look serious. He preferred, if possible, to get a joke out of a thing; but when he did enter into an argument, he was always fair. Although prone to take the side of objection to any religious remark, he yet never said any thing against religion itself. But his principles, and indeed his nature, seemed as yet in a state of solution, — uncrystallized, as my father would say. Mr. Morley, on the other hand, seemed an insoluble mass, incapable of receiving impressions from other minds. Any suggestion of his own mind, as to a course of action or a mode of thinking, had a good chance of being without question regarded as reasonable and right: he was more than ordinarily prejudiced in his own favor. The day after they thus met at our house, Miss Clare had a letter from him, in which he took the high hand with her, rebuking her solemnly for her presumption in saying, as he represented it, that no good could be done except after the fashion she laid down, and assuring her that she would thus alienate the most valuable assistance from any scheme she might cherish for the amelioration of the condition of the lower classes. It ended with the offer of a yearly subscription of five pounds to any project of the wisdom of which she would take the trouble to convince him. She replied, thanking him both, for his advice and his offer, but saying that, as she had no scheme on foot requiring such assistance, she could not at present accept the latter; should, however, any thing show itself for which that sort of help was desirable, she would take the liberty of reminding him of it.
