The Bully Pulpit, page 126
“Until the transportation problem”: IMT, “The History of the Standard Oil Company: Conclusion,” McClure’s (October 1904), p. 671.
“the story was always the same”: Patrick F. Palermo, Lincoln Steffens (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1978), p. 42.
“came from the top”: Ibid., p. 42.
“seized the government”: LS, The Struggle for Self-Government, p. 209.
“the actual sovereign”: LS, The Autobiography, p. 564.
“the Railroad problem”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, Sept. 14, 1905, RSB Papers.
“eager for more dragons”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 190.
“the real facts . . . servant of democracy”: RSB, Notebook [n.d.], 1905, RSB Papers.
“far more important”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, Mar. 1, 1905, RSB Papers.
Baker started by examining . . . on the railroad industry: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 190.
Roosevelt invited him to Washington: TR to RSB, Jan. 2, 1905, RSB Papers.
“in some big”: RSB to TR, Jan. 10, 1905, RSB Papers.
“simple and most informal”: RSB, Notebook C, Jan. 28, 1905, RSB Papers.
engaged in a private conversation: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 192.
“a pretty good grip”: RSB to Albert Boyden, Jan. 12, 1905, RSB Papers.
the argument that railroads were public highways: Semonche, Ray Stannard Baker, p. 131.
“His chief trouble . . . as truthfully as I can”: RSB, American Chronicle, pp. 192–93.
“It was altogether . . . gets hold of people”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, Jan. 29, 1905, RSB Papers.
“Neither this people . . . equitable terms”: TR, “Speech at the Union League Club of Philadelphia, January 30, 1905,” in TR and Lewis, A Compilation of the Messages and Speeches, pp. 551–53.
“due quite as much”: RSB, Notebook C, Jan. 31, 1905, RSB Papers.
“an enormous industrial . . . regulating the trusts & the railroads”: Ibid.
“need not be regarded . . . clearly drawn”: TR to Joseph B. Bishop, Mar. 23, 1905, in LTR, Vol. 4, pp. 1144–45.
“were either friendly”: Truth (Salt Lake City, UT), June 10, 1905.
“how delicate . . . should meddle”: RSB, “Railroads on Trial, Part III,” McClure’s (January 1906), p. 327.
“Any tinkering with rates”: Truth, June 10, 1905.
“an attack of ‘pink-eye’ ”: RSB, “Railroads on Trial, Part V,” McClure’s (March 1906), p. 543.
Congressmen who had voted: Galveston [TX] Daily News, July 4, 1905.
the national coverage soon turned: RSB, “Railroads on Trial, Part V,” McClure’s (March 1906), pp. 544–49.
“throw the country into a panic”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 197.
“if the railway men . . . the public demand”: Sandusky [OH] Star-Journal, May 10, 1905.
“absolute silence”: Salt Lake Tribune, May 10, 1905.
Stuyvesant Fish . . . “May I have fifteen minutes”: Sandusky Star-Journal, May 10, 1905.
“driven directly”: Alexandria [DC] Gazette, May 11, 1905.
“a sensation”: Fort Wayne [IN] Weekly Sentinel, May 17, 1905.
“had been carefully prepared”: Alexandria [DC] Gazette, May 11, 1905.
“could not have been . . . of the public”: TR, “Speech at the Iroquois Club Banquet, Chicago, Ill., May 10, 1905,” in TR and Lewis, A Compilation of the Messages and Speeches, pp. 620, 619.
“the spirit of demagoguery . . . they are poor”: TR, “Speech at the Chamber of Commerce Banquet, Denver, Colo., May 8, 1905,” in ibid., p. 616.
“the rock of class hatred”: TR, “Speech at the Iroquois Club Banquet, Chicago, Ill., May 10, 1905,” in ibid., p. 620.
“a fight to the finish”: Alexandria [DC] Gazette, May 11, 1905.
“an impression prevailed”: Washington Post, Aug. 20, 1905.
“the vitality of democracy . . . than the sovereign himself”: S. S. McClure, “Editorial Announcement of a New Series of Articles by Ray Stannard Baker: The Railroads on Trial,” McClure’s (October 1905), pp. 673, 672.
Baker wrote in early September: RSB to TR, Sept. 7, 1905, TRP.
“Yes, I should greatly like”: TR to RSB, Sept. 8, 1905, TRP.
“approval might be the measure . . . of the White House”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 194.
“I haven’t a criticism to suggest . . . my own message”: TR to RSB, Sept. 13, 1905, in LTR, Vol. 5, p. 25.
“In the early days . . . what the traffic will bear”: RSB, “The Railroad Rate: A Study in Commercial Autocracy,” McClure’s (November 1905), p. 50.
families generally sat on the boards: RSB, “Railroads on Trial, Part III,” McClure’s (January 1906), pp. 318–24.
“the fundamental purpose . . . in private hands”: RSB, “The Railroad Rate: A Study in Commercial Autocracy,” McClure’s (November 1905), pp. 57, 47.
“violent agitation . . . in the gift of government”: RSB to TR, Sept. 18, 1905, TRP.
“strictly confidential . . . to be made thereon?”: TR to RSB, Oct. 16, 1905, TRP.
“the seriousness . . . at that time who did?”: RSB, American Chronicle, pp. 197–98.
“It was too general”: Ibid., p. 198.
“I was terribly afraid”: Ibid.
“cunning devices . . . manufacturers and shippers”: RSB, “Railroad Rebates,” McClure’s (December 1905), pp. 185, 180.
“I have asked myself . . . fix a definite rate”: RSB to TR, Nov. 11, 1905, TRP.
“it would be better . . . is surely constitutional”: TR to RSB, Nov. 13, 1905, TRP.
“Is there not . . . succeed without it”: RSB to TR, Nov. 17, 1905, RSB Papers.
“a long and rather heated”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 199.
“I think you are entirely”: TR to RSB, Nov. 20, 1905, in LTR, Vol. 5, p. 83.
“the railroads have been crazy”: Ibid., p. 84.
“simply absurd”: TR to RSB, Nov. 22, 1905, in ibid., p. 88.
“it was Lincoln”: TR to RSB, Nov. 28, 1905, in ibid., p. 101.
“suggestion would come”: RSB, American Chronicle, p. 200.
“What was my surprise”: Ibid.
“a maximum reasonable rate . . . improper minimum rates”: TR, “Fifth Annual Message, Dec. 5, 1905,” in WTR, Vol. 15, pp. 275–76.
On January 4, 1906 . . . “just and reasonable”: John Ely Briggs, William Peters Hepburn (Iowa City: State Hist. Soc. of Iowa, 1919), p. 264.
“the most hoary tenet”: Blum, The Republican Roosevelt, p. 91.
to preserve the protective tariff: John M. Blum, “Theodore Roosevelt and the Hepburn Act: Toward an Orderly System of Control,” in LTR, Vol. 6, Appendix 2, pp. 1561–62.
“was in many ways”: Washington Post, Feb. 9, 1906.
“this railroad legislation . . . how inefficient & undependable”: RSB, Notebook C, Feb. 9, 1906, RSB Papers.
A battle royal: Public Opinion, Dec. 9, 1905.
“so whittled down”: Public Opinion, Nov. 11, 1905.
“They are making”: TR to Kermit Roosevelt, Mar. 4, 1905, in TR et al., eds., Letters to Kermit from Theodore Roosevelt, p. 130.
“great indignation”: NYT, Feb. 23, 1906.
“as a check”: Current Literature (March 1906), p. 232.
the leadership of Iowa’s junior senator: NYT, Feb. 24, 1906.
agreed to report the unamended bill “without prejudice”: Public Opinion, Mar. 3, 1906.
“most outspoken opponent . . . the country gasp”: Elyria [OH] Chronicle, Mar. 10, 1906.
“scarcely had time”: Washington Post, Feb. 24, 1906.
“Pitchfork Ben” . . . a fistfight . . . would be severely diminished: NYT, April 5, 1906.
“confided to the care”: News and Courier (Charleston, SC), cited in Public Opinion, Mar. 10, 1906.
“old enemies”: Indianapolis News, cited in Current Literature (March 1906), p. 233.
judiciary as the true arbiter of rates: Blum, “TR and the Hepburn Act,” in LTR, Vol. 6, pp. 1565–66.
“public opinion”: TR to John Lee Strachey, Feb. 12, 1906, in LTR, Vol. 5, p. 150.
“never better . . . discrimination and judgment”: “The Evolution of Public Opinion,” The Independent, June 14, 1906.
“in common with all other” . . . “good” or “bad”: RSB, “Railroads on Trial, Part V,” McClure’s (March 1906), pp. 535, 548.
a former city newspaperman was hired: RSB to TR, Oct. 13, 1905, TRP.
small newspapers were supplied . . . purchased newspapers outright: RSB, “Railroads on Trial, Part V,” McClure’s (March 1906), pp. 545, 548.
acquainted more than half a million: Semonche, Ray Stannard Baker, p. 142.
“It is a little startling”: Fairhope Courier (Des Moines, IA), Mar. 9, 1906, Clipping, RSB Papers.
“after plowing all day . . . the people and the railroads”: John Gladney to McClure’s, Mar. 7, 1906, RSB Papers.
“worth all the publication”: Emmet Zook to McClure’s, March [n.d.], 1906, RSB Papers.
“was of course entirely”: TR to William Boyd Allison, May 14, 1906, in LTR, Vol. 5, p. 270.
“I did not care a rap”: TR, An Autobiography, p. 436.
“to the left of his original position”: Blum, The Republican Roosevelt, p. 100.
“The fight on the rate bill”: TR to Kermit Roosevelt, April 1, 1906, in LTR, Vol. 5, p. 204.
“As for Tillman”: Emporia [KS] Gazette, May 19, 1906.
“pocket my pride”: Sullivan, Our Times, Vol. 3, p. 254.
“the mysterious ways”: Washington Post, Feb. 26, 1906.
a number of southern senators balked: Blum, The Republican Roosevelt, p. 101.
“The great object”: TR to William Boyd Allison, May 5, 1906, in LTR, Vol. 5, p. 258.
Republicans who feared . . . held unconstitutional: TR to HCL, May 19, 1906, in ibid., pp. 273–74.
The political landscape was shifting . . . in grave jeopardy: Blum, “TR and the Hepburn Act,” in LTR, Vol. 6, pp. 1562–63.
“little knot of men . . . superior generalship”: NYT, April 5, 1906.
“neither control”: Emporia [KS] Gazette, May 4, 1906.
“symbolic of the new”: Public Opinion, April 21, 1906.
this compromise provided the only chance: TR to William Boyd Allison, May 14, 1906, in LTR, Vol. 5, p. 270.
“Aldrich and his people”: TR to WAW, July 31, 1906, TRP.
The bill passed: Salt Lake Tribune, May 19, 1906.
“No given measure”: TR to RSB, Nov. 20, 1905, in LTR, Vol. 5, p. 84.
“the longest step”: Blum, The Republican Roosevelt, p. 104.
“lifted the idea”: Public Opinion, June 2, 1906.
the High Court defined the scope: Blum, The Republican Roosevelt, p. 103.
“the politician’s gift”: The Independent, May 24, 1906.
“but for the work”: Ibid.
“Congress might ignore”: Fort Wayne [IN] Weekly Sentinel, July 4, 1906.
“It is through writers”: Elwood Mead to RSB, June 9, 1906, RSB Papers.
“This crusade against”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, Jan. 23, 1906, RSB Papers.
“was like the falling down”: Edmund Wilson, “Lincoln Steffens and Upton Sinclair,” The New Republic, Sept. 28, 1932.
“Perhaps it’ll surprise you”: UBS to RSB, Dec. 2, 1905, RSB Papers.
By twenty-five . . . in serial form: Upton Sinclair, Autobiography (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1962), pp. 108–9.
the “wage slavery”: Anthony Arthur, Radical Innocent: Upton Sinclair (New York: Random House, 2006), p. 41.
The young socialist decided: UBS, Autobiography, p. 109.
“I sat at night . . . could go anywhere”: Ibid.
“dosed with borax . . . in the room with them”: Upton Sinclair, The Jungle (New York: Modern Library, 2006), pp. 148–49.
“the bride, the groom”: UBS, Autobiography, p. 110.
“the sort of man”: UBS, The Jungle, p. 23.
“He would work all day”: Ibid., p. 54.
“were sold with the idea”: Ibid., p. 72.
the holiday “speeding up” . . . no longer want: Ibid., p. 136.
“The revelations”: NYT, Jan. 27, 1906; Isaac F. Marcosson, Adventures in Interviewing (New York: John Lane Co., 1919), pp. 282–84.
Sinclair sent two advance copies: UBS to RSB, Feb. 2, 1906, RSB Papers.
“Not since Byron awoke”: Upton Sinclair, My Lifetime in Letters (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1960), p. ix.
“Hideous”: James Rudolph Garfield, Diary, Mar. 2, 1906, Garfield Papers.
“a terrible and I fear”: James Rudolph Garfield, Diary, Mar. 3, 1906, Garfield Papers.
Roosevelt . . . invited the author: TR to UBS, Mar. 9, 1906, TRP.
Although he proceeded . . . “be eradicated”: TR to UBS, Mar. 15, 1906, in LTR, Vol. 5, pp. 178, 180.
“was like asking a burglar”: UBS, Autobiography, p. 118.
He chose two well-respected men: Marcosson, Adventures in Interviewing, pp. 285–86.
“I have power”: TR to UBS, April 9, 1906, TRP.
“on excellent authority” . . . intended to castigate the novelist: Chicago Tribune, April 10 & 11, 1906.
“It is absurd”: TR to UBS, April 11, 1906, in LTR, Vol. 5, p. 209.
“should never have dreamed . . . explicit and positive way”: UBS to TR, April 12, 1906, TRP.
“I understand entirely”: TR to UBS, April 13, 1906, TRP.
conditions comparable to those Sinclair had portrayed: The Independent, May 31, 1906.
“of rooms reeking”: Public Opinion, June 9, 1906.
“found healthful . . . inspected and condemned”: Outlook, June 9, 1906.
“that unless effective”: Chicago Tribune, May 26, 1906.
Without “a dissenting vote” the Beveridge bill passed: The Independent, May 31, 1906.
“a shock it will never”: NYT, May 26, 1906.
Sinclair leaked his information: NYT, May 28, 1906.
“I sincerely hope”: UBS to TR, May 29, 1906, TRP.
“Tell Sinclair”: Arthur, Radical Innocent, p. 77.
“conditions were as clean”: Chicago Tribune, June 9, 1906.
A series of emasculating amendments . . . the “mandatory character”: NYT, May 29, 1906.
“I am sorry”: TR to James Wolcott Wadsworth, May 31, 1906, in LTR, Vol. 5, p. 291.
“sham” legislation: TR to James Wolcott Wadsworth, June 15, 1906, in ibid., p. 299.
not “warranted” any longer: TR to James Wolcott Wadsworth, May 31, 1906, in ibid., p. 291.
On June 4 . . . a “preliminary” report: James Reynolds and Charles Patrick Neill, Conditions in Chicago Stock Yards: Message from the President, June 4, 1906. The Roosevelt Policy; Speeches, Letters and State Papers, Relating to Corporate Wealth and Closely Allied Topics, of Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States (New York: Current Literature Publ. Co., 1908), Vol. 2, p. 386.
“The conditions . . . dangerous to health”: Ibid., p. 387.
If Congress failed: Ibid., 389.
“Mary had a little lamb”: Sullivan, Our Times, Vol. 2, p. 541.
“chloroformed in the committees”: Ibid., p. 544.
“We cannot imagine”: New York Evening Post, cited in The Bookman (July 1906), pp. 481–83.
“In the history of reforms”: Chicago Tribune, June 30, 1906.
“chief janitor and policeman”: Sullivan, Our Times, Vol. 2, p. 520.
“Are we going to take up”: Nathaniel W. Stephenson, Nelson W. Aldrich, a Leader in American Politics (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1930), p. 234.
McClure introduced Bok: Lyon, Success Story, pp. 233–34.
Bok brought it . . . widespread attention: Mark Sullivan, The Education of an American (New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1938), p. 191.
Sullivan’s research . . . “Died May 17, 1883”: Ibid., pp. 187–88.
a secret clause . . . an original copy of the contract form: Ibid., p. 189.
a ten-part investigative series . . . “or deleterious drugs”: Robert Morse Crunden, Ministers of Reform: The Progressives’ Achievement in American Civilization, 1889–1920 (New York: Basic Books, 1982), p. 180.
an ointment . . . fraudulent or nonexistent: Samuel Hopkins Adams, “The Great American Fraud,” Collier’s Weekly, Oct. 7, 1905, Jan. 13, 1906, & Feb. 17, 1906.
“to run the gauntlet”: Current Literature (April 1906).
“it slept”: Sullivan, Our Times, Vol. 2, p. 534.
On June 30, 1906: William Lamartine Snyder, Supplement to Snyder’s Interstate Commerce Act and Federal Anti-Trust Laws (New York: Baker, Voorhis & Co., 1906), pp. 136–44.
“would not have had . . . the agitation”: Chicago Tribune, June 30, 1906.
This landmark bill: Snyder, Supplement to Snyder’s Interstate Commerce Act, pp. 136–44.
“During no session”: NYT, June 30, 1906.
“the beginning of a new epoch”: Iowa Postal Card (Fayette, IA), July 12, 1906.
“For pass them they must”: Lyon, Success Story, p. 250.
“the most amazing program”: Joshua David Hawley, Theodore Roosevelt: Preacher of Righteousness (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008), p. 161.
only “sowing the seeds”: Benjamin Wheeler to TR, July 1, 1906, TRP.
“more substantive work”: Postville [IA] Review, July 6, 1906.
Even Democratic newspapers: The Literary Digest, July 7, 1906.
“The public confidence”: Quoted in ibid.
“I do not expect”: TR to Kermit Roosevelt, June 13, 1906, in TR et al., eds., Letters to Kermit from Theodore Roosevelt, p. 149.
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: “Cast into Outer Darkness”
“Signs everywhere”: RSB to J. Stannard Baker, Jan. 23, 1906, RSB Papers.
“men were questioning”: RSB, Notebook: “General Recollection of the Era,” RSB Papers.
“assumed the proportions”: Frank Luther Mott, A History of American Magazines (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1957), Vol. 4, pp. 207, 607.
“Government by Magazine”: WAW to JSP, May 25, 1908, White Papers.
“to make a star to shine . . . that rules the world”: Finley Peter Dunne, “Mr. Dooley on the Power of the Press,” The American Magazine (October 1906). (Dunne’s passage has been translated from dialect.)
Sam McClure was considered: WAW, The Autobiography, p. 386.
