Agent Josephine, page 47
Rodney Campbell, The Luciano Project, McGraw-Hill, 1977
Peggy Caravantes, The Many Faces of Josephine Baker, Chicago Review Press, 2015
Winston Churchill, The Hinge of Fate: The Second World War, Volume 4, Bantam, 1965
Ian Dear, Sabotage and Subversion: the SOE and OSS at War, Arms and Armour Press, 1996
Rebecca Donner, All The Frequent Troubles Of Our Days, Canongate, 2021
Charlie Erswell & John R. McKay, Surviving the Arctic Convoys, Pen & Sword, 2021
Hugh Mallory Falconer, The Gestapo’s Most Improbable Hostage, Pen & Sword, 2018
M. R. D. Foot, SOE 1940–1946, The Bodley Head, 2014
Robert Forczyk, We March Against England: Operation Sea Lion 1940–41, Osprey Publishing, 2016
Brian Hammond and Patrick O’Connor, Josephine Baker, Jonathan Cape, 1988
Lynn Haney, Naked at the Feast, Robson Books, 1981
Linda Hervieux, Forgotten: The Untold Story of D-Day’s Black Heroes, Amberley, 2016
Stephen R. Hill, Boodle’s Apocrypha, Duckworth, 2009
Meredith Hindley, Destination Casablanca, PublicAffairs, 2017
Alistair Horne, To Lose A Battle: France 1940, Macmillan, 1969
George F. Howe, Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative in the West, University Press of the Pacific, 2005
Mark Hull and Vera Moyes, Masquerade: Treason, the Holocaust, and an Irish Impostor, University of Oklahoma Press, 2017
Robert Hutton, Agent Jack: The True Story of MI5’s Secret Nazi Hunter, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2018
Keith Jeffery, MI6, Bloomsbury, 2010
Marcel Jullian, H.M.S. Fidelity, Souvenir Press, 1957
Bennetta Jules-Rosette, Josephine Baker in Art and Life, University of Illinois Press, 2007
David Kahn, Hitler’s Spies: German Military Intelligence in WWII, Macmillan, 1978
Simon Kitson, The Hunt for Nazi Spies, University of Chicago Press, 2008
Neill Lochery, Lisbon, PublicAffairs, 2011
Robert Lyman, The Rise of the Third Reich, Amberly, 2018
William Manchester and Paul Reid, The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Defender of the Realm, 1940–1965, Bello, 2015
Gavin Maxwell, Lords of the Atlas, Eland London, 1966
Andy Merriman, Greasepaint & Cordite, Aurum Press, 2013
Christopher Moore, Fighting for America: Black Soldiers – The Unsung Heroes of WWII, One World, 2005
Brendan M. Murphy, Turncoat, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987
Robert Murphy, Diplomat Among Warriors, Collins, 1964
Tim Newark, Mafia at War, Greenhill Books, 2007
Jean-Yves Le Naour, La Honte Noire, Hachette, 2003
Alan Ogden, Tigers Burning Bright: SOE Heroes in the Far East, Bene Factum Publishing, 2013
Sybil Oldfield, The Black Book: The Britons on the Nazi Hitlist, Profile Books, 2020
Charles Onana, Joséphine Baker Contre Hitler, Editions Duboiris, 2006
Paul Paillole, L’Homme des Services Secrets, Éditions Julliard, 1995
, Fighting the Nazis, Enigma Books, 2003
, The Spy in Hitler’s Inner Circle, Casemate, 2016
Kenneth Pendar, Adventure in Diplomacy, Cassell, 1945
Nicholas Rankin, Defending the Rock, Faber & Faber, 2017
Anthony Read and David Fisher, Colonel Z: The Secret Life of a Master of Spies, Hodder & Stoughton, 1984
Colonel Rémy (Gilbert Renault), J.A.: Épisodes de la vie d’un agent du S.R. et du contre-espionnage français, Éditions Galic, 1961
Francis Brooks Richards, Secret Flotillas, Volume 1: Clandestine Operations to Brittany 1940–44, Frank Cass Publishers, 2004
, Secret Flotillas, Volume 2: Clandestine Operations in the Western Mediterranean, North African and the Adriatic 1940–44, Frank Cass Publishers, 2004
Alan Schroeder, Josephine Baker: Entertainer, Chelsea House Publishers, 1991
Hugh Sebag-Montefiore, Enigma: The Battle for the Code, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000
Margot Lee Shetterly, Hidden Figures, William Morrow, 2016
Major General Rygor Słowikowski, In the Secret Service, The Windrush Press, 1988
Tim Spicer, A Dangerous Enterprise, Barbreck, 2021
David Stafford, Britain and European Resistance 1940–1945, David Stafford Publishing, 2013
Philip John Stead, Second Bureau, Evans Brothers, 1959
Dermot Turing, X, Y & Z, History Press, 2018
Hal Vaughan, FDR’s 12 Apostles, The Lyons Press, 2006
Philippe Verrier, Victor Dillard, SJ, trans. Theodore P. Fraser, Marquette University Press, 2017
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, The Guy Liddell Diaries, 1939–1942: MI5’s Director of Counter-Espionage in WWII, Routledge, 2005
Charles Wighton and Gunter Peis, They Spied on England, Odhams, 1958
Ean Wood, The Josephine Baker Story, Sanctuary Publishing, 2000
Sources
UNPUBLISHED/ARCHIVAL
Material quoted from the UK archive files listed below, and referenced in the endnotes, is courtesy of the British National Archives, with enormous thanks. Note: this book contains public-sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
British National Archives, Kew
CAB 80-24-86 France and French colonies. Review of situation IN.
CAB 85-22-1 Committee on French Resistance/Committee on Foreign (Allied) Resistance.
CAB 67-7-5 The Economic Consequences of a Complete or Partial Collapse of French Resistance.
CAB 85-23-1 Committee on French Resistance/Committee on Foreign (Allied) Resistance.
CAB 85-27-1 Committee on French Resistance: Table of Contents.
CAB 85-30 Foreign (Allied) Resistance Sub-Committee on Welfare Security.
CAB 85-28-1 Committee on French Resistance: Table of Contents.
CAB 85-30-1 War Cabinet Anglo-French Committee; Foreign (Allied) Resistance Sub-committee.
CAB 85-30-40 Memoranda Papers: CFR (WS) (40) 1–41.
CAB 85-30-3 Minutes of Meetings: CFR (WS) (40) 14th–23rd.
CAB 85-30-2 Minutes of Meetings: CFR (WS) (40) 1st–13th.
CAB 80-14-55 French Hostility. Implications of: Note by JPC submitting draft Report for the C.O.S.
CAB 65-7-33 Record Type: Conclusion Former Reference: WM (4) 138 Attendees.
CAB 65-7-39 Record Type: Conclusion Former Reference: WM (4) 144 Attendees.
CAB 65-7-46 Record Type: Conclusion Former Reference: WM (4) 151 Attendees.
HW 48 Government Code and Cypher School: Hut 3: Intelligence Reports on German Plans for the Sea-borne Invasion of Britain (Operation Smith/Sea Lion).
ADM 199-2477 Director of Naval Intelligence: reports of invasion exercises and craft, anti-invasion.
WO 193-141 Threatened German invasion of United Kingdom: notes on possible developments.
AIR 75-7 German Invasion May 1940.
CAB 80-13-50 Eire: German Invasion: Plans to Meet: Aide-memoire.
CAB 84-22-34 German invasion of Eire by Air. Note by Secretary.
CAB 84-19-43 German Invasion of Eire.
HS 6-308 HMG’s relations with French governing authorities.
T 160-1102-1 Committees. England: Vansittart Committee on French Resistance; Campbell Sub-committee.
KV 6-30 Paul Laurent Louis Burdet: French. Burdet was a Free French Resistance member whose case…
HS 13 SOE France Index
HS 9-877-5 An unusual file containing detailed reports written by Lake of the subject’s mission to train the French Resistance in the Dordogne area…
FO 1055 Foreign Office, French Welfare Section and War Cabinet, Welfare and Security Sub-committee: Papers
FO 1055-3 Notes concerning meetings of the Committee on Foreign (Allied) Resistance, including attitude of the French colony in the UK.
FO 892-8 Recruitment minutes.
FO 892- Lord Bessborough’s Sub-Committee – Minutes.
WO 193/1007 SOE Anglo-American Collaboration.
FO 892-6 General Catroux file
FO 892-5 Morton Committee – Minutes
CAB 85-94 Civil resistance.
ADM 199-1100 Free French Movement: minutes of committee on Foreign (Allied) Resistance.
ADM 199-1098 Free French Movement: minutes of committee on Foreign (Allied) Resistance.
KV 6-125 Serge Lucien COLLIN. In July 1940 COLLIN was appointed second in command of the Free French Deuxième Bureau in London… He fabricated evidence against the head of the Free French Navy, Admiral Musilier…
HS 13 Special Operations Executive: Registry: France Nominal Index.
KV 2-848 Dusko POPOV, codenamed TRICYCLE.
KV 2-863 Dusko POPOV, codenamed TRICYCLE.
KV 2-845 Dusko POPOV, codenamed TRICYCLE.
KV 2-849 Dusko POPOV, codenamed TRICYCLE.
KV 2-449 Selected Historical Papers from the SNOW case.
KV 2-448 Selected Historical Papers from the SNOW case.
KV 2-2630 Kurt Frederick LUDWIG: American. In 1941 LUDWIG was arrested in the USA on charges of espionage…
KV 2-2631 Kurt Frederick LUDWIG: American. In 1941 LUDWIG was arrested in the USA on charges of espionage…
KV 2-2632 Kurt Frederick LUDWIG: American. In 1941 LUDWIG was arrested in the USA on charges of espionage…
KV 2-3431 Max AZANCOT: Portuguese. In 1938 AZANCOT was reported to be working for the Germans…
T 160-1080-3 FINANCE. Currency: Countries – Morocco / T421/10 Recommendations for the King’s Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom: Morocco.
CAB 80-83 Memoranda (0) Nos. 391–471.
CAB 21-1464: Free French Forces: operations by General de Gaulle.
CAB 21-1451: General de Gaulle’s organisation.
FO 660-47 Negotiations for French Union (Free French Unity).
WO 106-5193 Strategical aims of the Free French.
FO 892-129 Communications Aircraft for Free French Africa.
FO 660-68 Free French.
PREM 3-442-11 Proposed Free French mission to North Africa.
WO 193-859 Free French in Africa.
PREM 3-317-3 Various.
PREM 3-416 Operation Susan in French Morocco (PM’s Office, July 1940).
PREM 3-431 Operation THREAT in French Morocco (PM’s Office, Sept 1940).
PREM 3-317-3 VARIOUS (PM’s Office, Morocco, Oct 1940 – Feb 1944).
HS 3-203 Top Level planning activities: OSS/SOE coordination in Morocco.
HS 3-204 Politics: use of political groups for SOE activities.
FO 371-32221-9 Correspondence from the London Chamber of Commerce to the Foreign Office dated 6 October 1942… Louis Dreyfus Company.
BT 103-532 Trading with the enemy Act 1939; Louis Dreyfus and Co.; instructions to Counsel…
KV 6-80 Helmut Clissmann / Elizabeth Clissmann: German. A student and leading Nazi Party member in Dublin, working for both Abwehr and Jahnke Bureaux…
KV 2-769 Dr. K HALLER, alias VOGE: German HALLER was from September 1939 to December 1942 head of a small group of Abwehr Abteiling II (sabotage) dealing with Ireland.
CAB 103-457 Publication of enemy document section appreciations: Operation SEALION.
GFM 33-399-694 Under State Secretary: France: Armistice Commission, July 1941–Sept 1942.
GFM 33-1847-4382 Commercial Policy Department; Clodius Papers: Armistice Commission (Turkey neutrality and trade negotiations/policy).
GFM 33-2062-4635 German Embassy Paris: Armistice Commission (Wako) Nov 1940–Dec 1942.
GFM 33-877-2358 Under State Secretary: Oct–Dec 1941.
GFM 33-1575-3839 German Embassy Paris: German Armistice Commission Wiesbaden, Nov 1942–May 1944.
GFM 33-499-1067 Etzdorf Papers: Armistice Commission, June 1940–June 1942.
GFM 33-1529-3697 German Embassy Paris: Armistice Commission June 1940–Dec 1942.
FO 371-31921 Activities of the German Armistice Commission in France, Code 17 file 28 (papers 5259-6804), 1942.
WO 219-3763 The German Armistice Commission, Wiesbaden, for the military government of occupied France, 1943.
KV 2-468 Selected Historical Papers from the GW case. GW was a Welsh retired Police Inspector, recruited by SIS as a Welsh Nationalist plant in the Abwehr.
FO 954-8B-512 France: Algiers telegram No. 1126. Giraud has left for US.
WO 204-9945 French Expeditionary Force reports, April–July 1944.
PREM 3-271-10 Operation Dragoon (Anvil) – Allied landings in Southern France, Aug–Sept 1944.
CAB 106-1032 Operation Dragoon: Address by General L. Devers on the invasion of Southern France, Aug 15 1944. (General Devers, US military commander of Op Dragoon).
CAB 119-5 Operation Dragoon: operations in the Mediterranean against the South of France.
PREM 3-227-4 Plans and Directive.
FO 371-36173 Relations between General de Gaulle and General Giraud. Code 69 file 30 (papers 2867-3978), 1943.
FO 954-16B-282 North Africa: Resident Minister, Algiers telegram No. 37, Giraud and Godefroy.
FO 954-16B-303 Resident Minister, Algiers telegram to Foreign Office, No. 161 Eisenhower–Giraud.
FO 954-8B-494 France: Algiers telegram No. 1047. Visit of Giraud to US, 24 June 1943.
FO 954-8B-350 France: Foreign Office dispatch to Mr. Peake,
No. 39, Conversation with General Catroux (Giraud–de Gaulle relations) 12 Jan 1943.
FO 954-8B-436 France: Private Secretary No. 10 to Private Secretary Foreign Office Letter from Giraud to the Prime Minister 27 May 1943.
FO 954-8A-227 FRANCE: Secretary of State Minute to Prime Minister Movement of General Giraud 29 April 1942.
FO 954-9A-67 FRANCE: Algiers (Ambassador) telegram No. 425 (for the Prime Minister). Giraud will not resign.
FO 954-9A-69 FRANCE: Algiers (Ambassador) telegram No. 428 (for the Prime Minister). Clash between Giraud and de Gaulle, 9 April 1944.
FO 954-8B-561 France: Algiers telegram No. 1441. Message from Prime Minister given to de Gaulle, Giraud and others… 11 Aug 1943.
CAB 80-39 Memoranda Nos. 1–100 Jan 1943–March 1943.
PREM 3-442-19 Negotiations between Gen. Giraud and Gen. de Gaulle May–June 1943.
FO 954-8B-577 France: Algiers telegram No. 1915. Giraud retains his co-Presidency, 1 Oct 1943.
PREM 3-181-1 Gen. Giraud’s visit to USA, June–July 1943.
PREM 3-442-16 Meeting between Gen. Giraud and Gen. de Gaulle, Jan 1943.
FO 660-76 Desertions Giraud to de Gaulle Feb–Jul 1943.
PREM 3-182-1 Position of General Giraud, Mar–May 1944.
KV 2-2296 Lothar WITZKE: German. WITZKE worked for the JAHNKE Bureau in the 1920s, later becoming an Abwehr officer.
HS 3/52 ZODIAC two agents landing Tunisian coast.
HS 6/973 Gun-running and Toys to North Africa.
HS 3/203 Top-level planning SOE/OSS Morocco.
HS 3/59 Liaison SIS/ISLDF C and MI6.
HS 3/56 SOE/OSS Coordination.
HS 3/41 French Special Services.
WO 373/153 Recommendation for Award for Gérar-Dubot, Paul.
French National Archives (Vincennes, etc.)
Material quoted from the French archive files listed below, and referenced in the endnotes, is courtesy of and © Service Historique de la Défense, with enormous thanks.
GR 28 P9 14280, MAURICE, LEONARD (JACQUES) ABTEY
GR 28 P9 390, JOSEPHINE BAKER
GR Z 2000 1618 7959, MAURICE, LEONARD (JACQUES) ABTEY
AI P 6679 (1), JOSEPHINE BAKER
FOLDER 1 FOLDER 2 FOLDER 3 FOLDER 4 PAUL BAPTISTE SABIN PAILLOLE, Paillole Archive Folder 4 Final (29.4.21)
GR 16 P 116346, GEORGE, JEAN, EMILE, RENE CHADEBAC DE LAVALADE
GR 16P 127284, MAURICE CHEVALIER
GR 16P 275626, ALBERT, JEAN MARIE GUERVILLE
GR 16P 373520, VICTOR DILLARD
GR 16P 373520, JEAN LION (20.1.2021)
GR 16P 28445, JOSEPHINE BAKER
GR 16P 2170, MAURICE, LEONARD (JACQUES) ABTEY
Federal Bureau of Investigation Archives on Josephine Baker, FBI Vault
BUFILE: 62-95834 Josephine Baker, Part 1 & 2.
OTHER (UNPUBLISHED) RESEARCH RESOURCES
Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic papers, 1940, General and Europe Volume 2. Credit US Department of State. https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1940v02/d490
‘‘“Double Jeu”: The foreign relations of Vichy France with Germany and Great Britain June 1940 to February 1941‘, David Jan Austin, University of Montana, 1971 – https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5196/
‘“Of Historical Interest Only”: The Origins and Vicissitudes of the SOE Archive’, Duncan Stuart, Intelligence and National Security, 24 May 2006 – https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684520500059338?tab=permissions&scroll=top
AASSDN, the L’Amicale des Anciens des Services Spéciaux de la Défense Nationale – https://aassdn.org/amicale/
International Churchill Society – https://winstonchurchill.org/
Association for the Defence and the Memory of Colonel Rémy – https://www.association-memoire-colonel-remy.com
Henry Hurford Janes-Josephine Baker Collection, Call Number JWJ MSS 2, Archives at Yale – https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/11/resources/967
Notes
ABBREVIATIONS
NARA – National Archives and Records Administration (US)
SHD – Service Historique de la Défense, French national defence archives.
TNA – The National Archives (UK)
USHMM – US Holocaust Memorial Museum
* Notes marked with an asterisk denote texts read partially in translation – pagination may differ from original.
AUTHOR’S NOTE
1 Josephine Baker and Jo Bouillon, Josephine, WH Allen, 1978, p. 144.
2 Paul Paillole, Fighting the Nazis, Enigma Books, 2003, p. xxv.
3 Colonel Rémy, J.A., Éditions Galic, 1961, p. 178.*
4 Ibid., p. 2.*
5 SHD GR 28 P9 14280, Abtey, p. 1.
PREFACE
1 Paul Paillole, L’Homme des Services Secrets: Entretiens avec Alain-Gilles Minella, Éditions Julliard, 1995, p. 78.*
