Buses Are a Comin', page 27
9. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/montgomery-bus-boycott.
12. HOME IN ATLANTA
1. http://www.screenplaydb.com/film/scripts/The%20Curious%20Case%20of%20Benjamin%20Button.PDF, 100.
2. Martin Luther King, Jr., “Out of the Long Night,” Gospel Messenger, February 8, 1958, starts on p. 3, quote found on p. 14, col. 1; John Craig, “Wesleyan Baccalaureate Is Delivered by Dr. King,” Hartford (Conn.) Courant, June 8, 1964, 4; Selma March, March 25, 1965, https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/address-conclusion-selma-montgomery-march.
3. Arsenault, 128.
4. Ibid.
5. http://www.augusta.com/masters/story/history/1961-gary-player-first-international-masters-winner.
6. Peck, Freedom Ride, 123.
7. https://www.pga.com/timeline-african-american-achievements-in-golf.
8. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/university-georgia-desegregation-riot-1961/.
9. https://www.npr.org/2017/12/08/569156832/the-racial-cleansing-that-drove-1-100-black-residents-out-of-forsyth-county-ga. See also the excellent in-depth examination of Forsyth County’s past in Patrick Phillips, Blood at the Root: A Racial Cleansing in America (New York: W. W. Norton, 2016).
10. Leonard, 34; also https://medium.com/@johnthebeeler/a-city-too-busy-to-hate-29533b219477.
11. Arsenault, 133.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., 134–35; James Farmer, Lay Bare the Heart (New York: Arbor House, 1985), 201.
14. Arsenault, 133; Raines, 112.
13. MOTHER’S DAY
1. Diane McWhorter, A Dream of Freedom: The Civil Rights Movement from 1954 to 1968 (Singapore: Scholastic, 2004), 6.
2. Arsenault, 149.
3. Charles A. Person, Freedom Riders 40th Anniversary Reunion Oral History Project, University of Mississippi, November 8–10, 2001, https://vimeo.com/70330473?ref=fb-share, at 11:12; Hollars, 69; Charles A. Person, “Speech at Georgia Tech,” meeting with University of Wisconsin at Eau Claire students, Professor Jesse Yang presiding, March 17, 2018, at 9:00.
4. Arsenault, 149.
5. Ibid.; Simeon Booker with Carol McCabe Booker, Shocking the Conscience: A Reporter’s Account of the Civil Rights Movement (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2013), 191.
6. Booker, 191
7. Arsenault, 149; Booker with Booker, 191.
8. Booker with Booker, 191; Arsenault, 150.
9. Booker with Booker, 192; Arsenault, 150.
10. Historians Raymond Arsenault, Derick Catsam, and Diane McWhorter all state that the photo is of a black bystander, George Webb. Arsenault, 155; Catsam, 164; McWhorter, Carry Me Home, 212.
11. Peck, Freedom Ride, 128; also https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kYZKcVY6_o&t=520s, at 6:27–6:54.
14. MOTHER’S DAY, PART II
1. Manis, 153.
2. McWhorter, Carry Me Home, 22, 187.
3. McWhorter, Dream of Freedom, 6; McWhorter, Carry Me Home, 115; Manis, 110.
4. Manis, 147; McWhorter, Carry Me Home, 125.
5. McWhorter, Carry Me Home, 127.
6. Ibid., 209; Manis, 264.
7. “People Are Asking: ‘Where Were the Police?’,” Birmingham News, May 15, 1961, 1.
8. Booker with Booker, 194–95.
9. Arsenault, 156.
10. Ibid., 153; Catsam, 163–64; McWhorter, Carry Me Home, 182–85.
11. https://archive.org/details/CSPAN3_20180219_034600_Oral_Histories_Hank_Thomas_West_Point_Interview/start/1500/end/1560, at 11:11.55; also https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTMswW40I7M&t=22s, at 2:11.
12. Arsenault, 145; also related by Hank Thomas in previous citations’ videos.
13. Janie Forsyth McKinney, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1EDOL9II0s, at 2:45.
14. Timothy B. Tyson, Blood Done Sign My Name: A True Story (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2004), 70; https://prospect.org/notebook/armed-resistance-civil-rights-movement-charles-e.-cobb-danielle-l.-mcguire-forgotten-history/.
15. Manis, 267.
15. THE DAY AFTER
1. A. M. E. Hymnal, “Precious Lord Take My Hand,” by Thomas A. Dorsey, arranged by E. C. Deas, published by the A. M. E. Sunday School Union, 1954, p. 333.
2. Ellen Levine, Freedom’s Children: Young Civil Rights Activists Tell Their Own Stories (New York: Puffin Books, 1993), 72–73.
3. Bud Gordon, “Will Keep Up Fight, Says Crusader,” Birmingham News, May 15, 1961, 10.
4. Peck, Freedom Ride, 130.
5. Manis, 267.
6. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=PRoverbs+14&version=NIV.
7. Video clip of Genevieve Hughes interview available at Freedom Ride section of National Center for Civil and Human Rights, Atlanta, Ga.
8. Peck, Freedom Ride, 130.
9. Catsam, 177.
10. Ibid., 178; Manis, 268.
11. Arsenault, 170.
12. Manis, 270.
13. Glenn T. Eskew, But for Birmingham: The Local and National Movements in the Civil Rights Struggle (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997), 159–60.
16. RESOLUTION
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQbqzaRAql8, at 0:36.
2. “Three Protest Groups Elect Jail; Call Comes from Rock Hill for Help,” Student Voice, February 1961, 1, https://www.crmvet.org/docs/sv/sv6102.pdf.
3. David Halberstam, The Children (New York: A Fawcett Book, Random House, 1998), 234; https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/local/2017/03/02/complete-coverage-civil-rights-movement-nashville/98648442/.
4. Arsenault, 179.
5. Ibid., 183.
6. Catsam, 186.
7. Ibid.
8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQbqzaRAql8, at 0:36.
17. AFTERMATH
1. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=isaiah+40%3A31&version=KJV.
2. Arsenault, 533–87. Raymond Arsenault has compiled an outstanding table of all the Freedom Rides and Riders of 1961 with extensive information.
3. Farmer, 206.
4. McWhorter, Dream of Freedom, 122.
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTMswW40I7M&t=22s.
EPILOGUE: THE COST OF THE TICKET
1. https://genius.com/Langston-hughes-the-bitter-river-annotated.
2. https://www.nps.gov/mlkm/learn/quotations.htm.
3. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/give-us-ballot-address-delivered-prayer-pilgrimage-freedom.
4. http://www2.oberlin.edu/external/EOG/BlackHistoryMonth/MLK/MLKmainpage.html.
5. Martin Luther King, Jr., Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? (Boston: Beacon Press, 1968), 63.
6. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/publications/autobiography-martin-luther-king-jr-contents/chapter-28-chicago-campaign.
7. Halberstam, 319–20.
8. https://www.mcgill.ca/poetrymatters/files/poetrymatters/langston_hughes_the_bitter_river.pdf
9. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/1955-martin-luther-king-jr-montgomery-bus-boycott/
INDEX
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
activism
African Americans. See also specific people; specific topics
Alabama. See also Birmingham, Alabama
Anniston
attacks in
Ku Klux Klan in
Montgomery
All Lives Matter
“An Appeal for Human Rights” (Pope)
Anniston, Alabama
anniversary. See fiftieth anniversary, of Freedom Ride
application, for Freedom Ride 1961
Arlena (“Mama”) (grandmother)
army, segregation in
arrests
of Peck
of Perkins
of Thomas
assassinations
Athens, Georgia
Atlanta, Georgia
marches in
restaurants of
sit-ins in
Atlanta Daily World (newspaper)
The Atlanta Inquirer (newspaper)
Atlanta Student Movement
Atlanta University Center (AUC)
attacks
in Anniston
on Bergman, W.
in Birmingham
on Harris, H.
on Peck, J.
on Trailways bus
Auburn Avenue
AUC. See Atlanta University Center
Augusta, Georgia
awakenings
back, of bus
bail. See Jail, No Bail
baseball
bathroom, on bus
Beloved Community
Bergman, Frances
Bergman, Walter
Bethany Baptist Church
Bethel Baptist Church
the Bible
Bigelow, Albert (“Al”)
Birmingham, Alabama
attacks in
bomb threats in
doctors in
police in
Birmingham airport
The Birmingham News
Birth of a Nation (film)
Black, Charles
black, driving while. See also African Americans
Black Lives Matter
Black press
Blankenheim, Ed
blight, urban
“Blue Holiday” (song)
bomb threats, in Birmingham
bombing, of Shuttlesworth home
Bond, Julian
Booker, Edward (“Papa”) (grandfather)
Booker, Kenneth (cousin)
Booker, Simeon
Boone, Joseph E.
Bottom. See Buttermilk Bottom
bowling
boycotts
Boynton, Bruce
Boynton v. Virginia (1960)
Bradley Street. See 21 Bradley Street
Briarcliff Lanes
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
bulletin board, at Rush Memorial
burning, of Greyhound bus
bus drivers refusing, to drive
bus stories
buses. See also Greyhound bus
back of
bathroom on
burning of
segregation on
switching
Buses are a Comin’ (song)
Butler Street YMCA
Buttermilk Bottom
Campanella, Roy
Carey, Gordon R.
Carole (sister)
Chaney, James
character and courage
Charlotte, North Carolina
Chief Jenkins
Christmas boycotts
churches. See also specific churches
citizenship
civics class
Civil Rights Movement. See also specific topics
Clark college
Clement, Rufus
clothing, of KKK
COAHR. See Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
code of the South
coins, African Americans on
college
Colvin, Claudette
Committee on Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR)
communism
confinement, solitary
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). See also Freedom Ride (1961), CORE; Journey of Reconciliation (1947)
Connor, Eugene (“Bull”)
Constitution, US
constitutional law
continuation, of Freedom Rides
“cooling off”
CORE. See Congress of Racial Equality
courage and character
Cox, Benjamin Elton
Cross, Lonnie
Crow, Jim
cubbyholes, at restaurants
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)
Daddy King. See King, Martin Luther Sr.
danger, warnings of
Danville
Day One, of Freedom Ride
D.C. See Washington, D.C.
Decatur Street jail
Declaration of Independence, US
desegregation. See also integration
disturbing the peace
Doar, John
doctors, in Birmingham
Dorsey, George and Mae Murray
Dorsey, Thomas
Dr. King. See King, Martin Luther Jr.
drive, bus drivers refusing to
driving, while black
drugstore, Yates and Milton
E pluribus unum (national motto)
Earle, Willie
early life, of King, Martin Luther Jr.
Ebenezer Youth Organization
education. See schools
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
Elder, Lee
election, presidential
elementary school. See Yonge Street Elementary School
Ellen, Flu
Emanuel AME
equality
F. W. Woolworth & Company
family, visiting
Farmer, James (“Jim”)
farming
Farmville
Fellowship House
fiftieth anniversary, of Freedom Ride
Fire Station 6
flier, for freedom ride
flying
Forbes, David
Forsyth, Janie
Forsyth County
Fredericksburg, Virginia
Freedom Ride (1961), CORE. See also Riders; specific places; specific topics
application for
continuation of
Day One of
fiftieth anniversary of
Nashville Movement
orientation for
Freedom Riders National Monument
freedom songs
“Freedom’s Main Line” (song)
Friendship Junior College
Friendship Nine
Gaffney, Ted
Gagarin, Yuri
Gandhi
George (Uncle)
Georgia Tech
Germany
golf. see Masters golf tournament
Goodman, Andrew
Green, Ernest
Greene, Leon
Greensboro, North Carolina
Greensboro Four
Greyhound bus
burning of
“the guerrillas”
gun violence
Haile Selassie
Harbour, Bill
Harris, Herman
Harris, Marcelite Jordan
Hartsfield, William
HBCUs. See historically black colleges and universities
help, from whites
historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs)
history, of CORE
Hitler, Adolf
Holloway, Frank
Hollowell, Donald
Holmes, Hamilton
hospitality
Houser, George
Howard, Willie James
Hughes, Genevieve
Hughes, Langston
Hugo, Victor
human rights
Hunter, Charlayne
ICC. See Interstate Commerce Commission
injuries, long term
integration
interracial pairing
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
Ivory, Cecil
Jackson, Mississippi
jail
Jail, No Bail
James, Lloyd
Jefferson Memorial
Jimmy Dale (Brother)
Johnson, Stone
Journey of Reconciliation (1947)
Kaepernick, Colin
Kennedy, John F.
Kennedy, Robert
Khrushchev, Nikita
King, Lonnie
letter from
as next of kin
King, Martin Luther Jr.
memorial for
at Morehouse
in prison
speech by
talking with
King, Martin Luther Sr. (“Daddy King”)
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
in Alabama
clothing of
Lafayette, Bernard
Lang, Charlie
Langston, Tommy
last will, writing
laws
Lawson, James
letter, from King, L.
Lewis, John
Little Rock Nine
long term injuries
Lynchburg, Virginia
lynching
Lynn, Conrad
Magnolia Room
Malcom, Roger and Dorothy
Mama. See Arlena
Mann Brothers, boycott of
marches, in Atlanta
Marines, joining
Marshall, Thurgood
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Masters golf tournament
Mays, Benjamin
McDonald, Jimmy
memorials
Jefferson
King, Martin Luther Jr.
metamorphosis
‘middle of the night,’ 192–93
military
Miranda, Lin-Manuel
MIT. See Massachusetts Institute of Technology
mobs, white
Montgomery, Alabama
Montgomery Bus Protest
Moore, Jerry
Morehouse College
Morgan, Irene
Morgan v. Virginia (1946)
Mother’s Day. See also attacks
Moultrie, Mae Frances
the Movement. See Civil Rights Movement
movements
Atlanta Student Movement
