First Generations, page 26
Boston; in Revolution; slavery in
Brant, Sally
Brown, Charles Brockden
Canada
Catawba people
Charleston (S.C.)
Cherokee
Chesapeake region (Maryland-Virginia), in 18th century: changes in; free blacks in; inheritance in
Chesapeake region (Maryland-Virginia), in 17th century; African Americans in; birth cycle in; celebrations in; childbearing in; creoles (native-born) in; diseases in; education in; families in; free blacks in; gender ideology in; gossip in; houses in; housewifery in; immigrant reactions to; indentured servants in; infant mortality in; inheritance in; laws in; life expectancy in; marriage in; material culture in; Native Americans in; neighborliness in; orphans in; patriarchal family in; population of; pregnancy in; records of; religion in; remarriage in; sex ratios in; social structures of; stepfamilies in; tobacco plantations in; widows in; wills made in; women’s position in; women’s work in; see also Maryland; Virginia
Chickasaw
Chocktaw
Cole, Mary, see Warren, Mary Cole
Congregational Church
Connecticut; in Revolution
Corbin, Margaret
Darragh, Lydia
Delaware (colony)
Delaware people
DeVries, Pieter Rudolphus
dower rights, of widows; see also inheritance
dowries, daughters’
Draper, Margaret
Drinker, Elizabeth
Duston, Hannah Emerson (example of 17th-century woman in New England)
Dutch, see New Netherlands
Eaton, Anne
Edenton Resolve
Ela, Daniel
English laws
English society and customs
Fox, George
Friends, Society of, see Quakers
Gadsden, Christopher
Galloway, Grace Growden (example of Loyalist woman)
Gannett, Deborah Sampson (pseud. Robert Shirtliffe)
Georgia; marriage in; population of; in Revolution; rice growing in; slavery in
German colonists
Greene, Anne Catherine
Griffitts, Hanna
Growden, Grace, see Galloway, Grace Growden
Guardians of the Poor
Hancock, John
Handsome Lake (Seneca)
Hardenbroeck, Margaret, see Philipse (Philipsen), Margaret Hardenbroeck DeVries
Hatton, Susanna, see Lightfoot, Susanna Hudson
Hawley, Benjamin
Hawthorne, Nathaniel
Hudson, Susanna, see Lightfoot, Susanna Hudson
Hudson River Valley
Huguenots
Hulton, Anne
Huron people
Hutchinson, Anne
Hutchinson, Thomas
Hutchinson, William
Illinois people
Indians, see Native Americans
inheritance: in Chesapeake; by daughters; dower rights of widows; executors; gender ideology in; in New Netherlands; slaves as; by sons; by widows (dower rights); wills
Irish immigrants
Iroquois
Jemison, Mary
Jews
Johnson, Mary (example of 17th-century African-American woman)
King Philip’s War
Langston, Dicey
LeClercq, Chrestien
Lightfoot, Susanna Hudson
Livingston, Margaret
Locke, John
Lower South: African traditions in; population increases in; slavery in; women’s work in; women as servants in; see also individual cities and colonies
Loyalists, see under Revolution, American
Lucas, Eliza, see Pinckney, Eliza Lucas
McCauley, Mary Ludwig (Molly Pitcher)
Maryland; inheritance in; laws of; life expectancy in; population of; social structure of; see also Chesapeake region
Massachusetts; cultural and ethnic diversity of; emancipation of slaves in; family structure in; population of; slavery in; witchcraft and witch-hunts in; in Revolution; see also New England, in 17th century
Massachusetts Bay Company, see Massachusetts
Massasoit (Wampanoag sachem)
Mather, Cotton
Mather, Increase
Metacomet (Philip)
Miami people
Micmac
middle colonies, see New Netherlands; Quakers; individual cities and colonies
Mingo people
Mohawk
Munsee people
Murray, Judith Sergeant
Narragansett people
Native Americans (East Coast/ Eastern Woodland): abortion and; agriculture of; ancestors of; changes in society of; childbirth among; child-rearing among; community bonds of; courtship among; disease among; divorce among; education of; in 18th century; European attitudes to; gender relationships and identity among; inheritance and property of; intermarriage and; matrilineal cultures of; men’s life and work among; menstruation and; in New England; pregnancy among; puberty and; religion of; in Revolution and early Republic; rituals of; Southeastern; women’s power among; women’s work among; see also specific peoples
Neff, Mary
New Amsterdam, see New Netherlands
New England, in 18th century; population of; in Revolution and early Republic; see also individual cities and colonies
New England, in 17th century: birth cycle in; captives of Indians in; childbirth in; child-rearing in; Congregational Church in; disease in; dissent vs. Puritans in; education in; families in; frontier farm life in; gender ideals and roles in; gossip in; government and politics in; houses in; housewifery in; immigration into; intermarriage in; marriage in; midwives in; Native Americans in(see also Wampanoag); neighborliness in; patriarchal family in; Pilgrims in; population of; pregnancy in; Puritans in; Quakers in; religion in; settled communities in; sex ratio in; strife with Native Americans in; trade in; urban housewives in; widows in; witchcraft and witch-hunts in; women’s position in the church in; women’s work in; see also individual cities and colonies
New Jersey; woman suffrage in
New Netherlands; adaptation to English rule in; inheritance in; laws of; marriage in; population of; property rights of women in; slavery in; trading in; widows in; wills in; women’s position in
New York (colony)
New York City; in Revolution; slavery in
North, the: free blacks in; inheritance in; slavery in,
; women’s work in; see also individual cities
and colonies
North Carolina
Ottawa people
Pennsylvania; agriculture in; in 18th century; employment opportunities for women in; free blacks in; inheritance in; manufacturing in; poverty in; Quakers in; in Revolution; servants in; slavery in; women’s wages in; women’s work in; see also Philadelphia; Quakers
Penn, William
Pequot Wars
Philadelphia; free blacks in; in Revolution; slavery in
Philip, see Metacomet
Philipse (Philipsen), Frederick
Philipse (Philipsen), Margaret Hardenbroeck DeVries (example of 17th-century colonial Dutch woman)
Phips, William
Piedmont
Pilgrims
Pinckney, Charles
Pinckney, Eliza Lucas (example of 18th-century upper-class woman)
Pitcher, Molly, see McCauley, Mary Ludwig
Plymouth Plantation
Powhatan
property rights of women; see also inheritance
Puritans, see under New England
Quakers; education of; free blacks among; inheritance patterns among; marriage among; and slavery; widows among; women’s position among
Quanopin (sachem)
Republic, early; education of women in; gender ideology of, new; gender roles discussed in; impact of Revolution on women in; leisure time in; political role of women in, war widows in; woman suffrage in New Jersey in
Revolution, American: African-Americans in; camp followers in; consumer boycotts in; disease in; farming in; fund-raising by women in; household supply shortages in; impact on women of; Loyalists in; military pensions for women after; “Molly Pitcher” women in; Native Americans during; officers’ wives in; propaganda in; prostitution during; rape during; records of; social life during; street demonstrations in; women as soldiers in; women as spies and saboteurs in; work and economic production in
Rhode Island
Rowlandson, Mary
Rowson, Susannah
Rush, Benjamin
Rush, Julia Stockton
Salem (Mass.); witch-hunts in
Scots-Irish immigrants
Scots-Presbyterian communities
Seneca
Sewall, Esther
Sewall, Samuel
Shawnee
Short, Mercy
slavery, see African Americans and under individual cities and colonies
social classes, differences in lifestyle of; see also upper class and genteel society, in 18th century
South, see Lower South
South Carolina: inheritance law in; legal status of women in; population of; in Revolution; slavery in; upper-class households in
Stamp Act
Strong, Anna
Swedish colonies
Tennett, William
Thomas, Martha
Townshend Acts
Turner, Nat
Tuscarora
upper class and genteel society, in
18th century: birth cycle in;
childbirth in; child-rearing in; civilization vs. frontier life in; consumer revolution in; courtship in; divorce and separation in; education in; marriage in; population of; pregnancy in; servants, domestic, of; trade and transportation in; travel in; wet nurses in; women’s wages in
urban life; see also individual cities
Vane, Henry
Van Home, Cornelius
Virginia; inheritance in; laws of; population of; racial distinctions in; in Revolution; taxes in; see also Chesapeake region
Wampanoag
Wamsutta (sachem)
Wardell, Lydia
Warren, Ignatius
Warren, James
Warren, Mary Cole (example of 17th-century woman of Chesapeake region)
Warren, Mercy Otis
Washington, George
Washington, Martha
Wetamo (example of Native American woman)
Wheelwright, John
Williams, Roger
Winthrop, Hannah
Winthrop, John
Notes
1 Colonial historians use “creole” to indicate colonists born in the Chesapeake settlements, rather than immigrants to the region.
Copyright © 1996 by Carol Berkin
All rights reserved
Hill and Wang
A division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux
18 West 18th Street, New York 10011
www.fsgbooks.com
Designed by Abby Kagan
eISBN 9781466806115
First eBook Edition : November 2011
Published in 1996 by Hill and Wang
First paperback edition, 1997
The Library of Congress has cataloged the hardcover edition as follows: Berkin, Carol.
First generations : women in colonial America / Carol Berkin; consulting editor, Eric Foner. p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8090-4561-3
1. Women—United States—History—17th century. 2. Women—United States—History—18th century I. Foner, Eric. II. Title. HQ1416.B43 1996 305.42’0973’09032—dc20 96-11686
Paperback ISBN-13: 978-0-8090-1606-8
Paperback ISBN-10: 0-8090-1606-0
Carol Berkin, First Generations
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Brant, Sally
Brown, Charles Brockden
Canada
Catawba people
Charleston (S.C.)
Cherokee
Chesapeake region (Maryland-Virginia), in 18th century: changes in; free blacks in; inheritance in
Chesapeake region (Maryland-Virginia), in 17th century; African Americans in; birth cycle in; celebrations in; childbearing in; creoles (native-born) in; diseases in; education in; families in; free blacks in; gender ideology in; gossip in; houses in; housewifery in; immigrant reactions to; indentured servants in; infant mortality in; inheritance in; laws in; life expectancy in; marriage in; material culture in; Native Americans in; neighborliness in; orphans in; patriarchal family in; population of; pregnancy in; records of; religion in; remarriage in; sex ratios in; social structures of; stepfamilies in; tobacco plantations in; widows in; wills made in; women’s position in; women’s work in; see also Maryland; Virginia
Chickasaw
Chocktaw
Cole, Mary, see Warren, Mary Cole
Congregational Church
Connecticut; in Revolution
Corbin, Margaret
Darragh, Lydia
Delaware (colony)
Delaware people
DeVries, Pieter Rudolphus
dower rights, of widows; see also inheritance
dowries, daughters’
Draper, Margaret
Drinker, Elizabeth
Duston, Hannah Emerson (example of 17th-century woman in New England)
Dutch, see New Netherlands
Eaton, Anne
Edenton Resolve
Ela, Daniel
English laws
English society and customs
Fox, George
Friends, Society of, see Quakers
Gadsden, Christopher
Galloway, Grace Growden (example of Loyalist woman)
Gannett, Deborah Sampson (pseud. Robert Shirtliffe)
Georgia; marriage in; population of; in Revolution; rice growing in; slavery in
German colonists
Greene, Anne Catherine
Griffitts, Hanna
Growden, Grace, see Galloway, Grace Growden
Guardians of the Poor
Hancock, John
Handsome Lake (Seneca)
Hardenbroeck, Margaret, see Philipse (Philipsen), Margaret Hardenbroeck DeVries
Hatton, Susanna, see Lightfoot, Susanna Hudson
Hawley, Benjamin
Hawthorne, Nathaniel
Hudson, Susanna, see Lightfoot, Susanna Hudson
Hudson River Valley
Huguenots
Hulton, Anne
Huron people
Hutchinson, Anne
Hutchinson, Thomas
Hutchinson, William
Illinois people
Indians, see Native Americans
inheritance: in Chesapeake; by daughters; dower rights of widows; executors; gender ideology in; in New Netherlands; slaves as; by sons; by widows (dower rights); wills
Irish immigrants
Iroquois
Jemison, Mary
Jews
Johnson, Mary (example of 17th-century African-American woman)
King Philip’s War
Langston, Dicey
LeClercq, Chrestien
Lightfoot, Susanna Hudson
Livingston, Margaret
Locke, John
Lower South: African traditions in; population increases in; slavery in; women’s work in; women as servants in; see also individual cities and colonies
Loyalists, see under Revolution, American
Lucas, Eliza, see Pinckney, Eliza Lucas
McCauley, Mary Ludwig (Molly Pitcher)
Maryland; inheritance in; laws of; life expectancy in; population of; social structure of; see also Chesapeake region
Massachusetts; cultural and ethnic diversity of; emancipation of slaves in; family structure in; population of; slavery in; witchcraft and witch-hunts in; in Revolution; see also New England, in 17th century
Massachusetts Bay Company, see Massachusetts
Massasoit (Wampanoag sachem)
Mather, Cotton
Mather, Increase
Metacomet (Philip)
Miami people
Micmac
middle colonies, see New Netherlands; Quakers; individual cities and colonies
Mingo people
Mohawk
Munsee people
Murray, Judith Sergeant
Narragansett people
Native Americans (East Coast/ Eastern Woodland): abortion and; agriculture of; ancestors of; changes in society of; childbirth among; child-rearing among; community bonds of; courtship among; disease among; divorce among; education of; in 18th century; European attitudes to; gender relationships and identity among; inheritance and property of; intermarriage and; matrilineal cultures of; men’s life and work among; menstruation and; in New England; pregnancy among; puberty and; religion of; in Revolution and early Republic; rituals of; Southeastern; women’s power among; women’s work among; see also specific peoples
Neff, Mary
New Amsterdam, see New Netherlands
New England, in 18th century; population of; in Revolution and early Republic; see also individual cities and colonies
New England, in 17th century: birth cycle in; captives of Indians in; childbirth in; child-rearing in; Congregational Church in; disease in; dissent vs. Puritans in; education in; families in; frontier farm life in; gender ideals and roles in; gossip in; government and politics in; houses in; housewifery in; immigration into; intermarriage in; marriage in; midwives in; Native Americans in(see also Wampanoag); neighborliness in; patriarchal family in; Pilgrims in; population of; pregnancy in; Puritans in; Quakers in; religion in; settled communities in; sex ratio in; strife with Native Americans in; trade in; urban housewives in; widows in; witchcraft and witch-hunts in; women’s position in the church in; women’s work in; see also individual cities and colonies
New Jersey; woman suffrage in
New Netherlands; adaptation to English rule in; inheritance in; laws of; marriage in; population of; property rights of women in; slavery in; trading in; widows in; wills in; women’s position in
New York (colony)
New York City; in Revolution; slavery in
North, the: free blacks in; inheritance in; slavery in,
; women’s work in; see also individual cities
and colonies
North Carolina
Ottawa people
Pennsylvania; agriculture in; in 18th century; employment opportunities for women in; free blacks in; inheritance in; manufacturing in; poverty in; Quakers in; in Revolution; servants in; slavery in; women’s wages in; women’s work in; see also Philadelphia; Quakers
Penn, William
Pequot Wars
Philadelphia; free blacks in; in Revolution; slavery in
Philip, see Metacomet
Philipse (Philipsen), Frederick
Philipse (Philipsen), Margaret Hardenbroeck DeVries (example of 17th-century colonial Dutch woman)
Phips, William
Piedmont
Pilgrims
Pinckney, Charles
Pinckney, Eliza Lucas (example of 18th-century upper-class woman)
Pitcher, Molly, see McCauley, Mary Ludwig
Plymouth Plantation
Powhatan
property rights of women; see also inheritance
Puritans, see under New England
Quakers; education of; free blacks among; inheritance patterns among; marriage among; and slavery; widows among; women’s position among
Quanopin (sachem)
Republic, early; education of women in; gender ideology of, new; gender roles discussed in; impact of Revolution on women in; leisure time in; political role of women in, war widows in; woman suffrage in New Jersey in
Revolution, American: African-Americans in; camp followers in; consumer boycotts in; disease in; farming in; fund-raising by women in; household supply shortages in; impact on women of; Loyalists in; military pensions for women after; “Molly Pitcher” women in; Native Americans during; officers’ wives in; propaganda in; prostitution during; rape during; records of; social life during; street demonstrations in; women as soldiers in; women as spies and saboteurs in; work and economic production in
Rhode Island
Rowlandson, Mary
Rowson, Susannah
Rush, Benjamin
Rush, Julia Stockton
Salem (Mass.); witch-hunts in
Scots-Irish immigrants
Scots-Presbyterian communities
Seneca
Sewall, Esther
Sewall, Samuel
Shawnee
Short, Mercy
slavery, see African Americans and under individual cities and colonies
social classes, differences in lifestyle of; see also upper class and genteel society, in 18th century
South, see Lower South
South Carolina: inheritance law in; legal status of women in; population of; in Revolution; slavery in; upper-class households in
Stamp Act
Strong, Anna
Swedish colonies
Tennett, William
Thomas, Martha
Townshend Acts
Turner, Nat
Tuscarora
upper class and genteel society, in
18th century: birth cycle in;
childbirth in; child-rearing in; civilization vs. frontier life in; consumer revolution in; courtship in; divorce and separation in; education in; marriage in; population of; pregnancy in; servants, domestic, of; trade and transportation in; travel in; wet nurses in; women’s wages in
urban life; see also individual cities
Vane, Henry
Van Home, Cornelius
Virginia; inheritance in; laws of; population of; racial distinctions in; in Revolution; taxes in; see also Chesapeake region
Wampanoag
Wamsutta (sachem)
Wardell, Lydia
Warren, Ignatius
Warren, James
Warren, Mary Cole (example of 17th-century woman of Chesapeake region)
Warren, Mercy Otis
Washington, George
Washington, Martha
Wetamo (example of Native American woman)
Wheelwright, John
Williams, Roger
Winthrop, Hannah
Winthrop, John
Notes
1 Colonial historians use “creole” to indicate colonists born in the Chesapeake settlements, rather than immigrants to the region.
Copyright © 1996 by Carol Berkin
All rights reserved
Hill and Wang
A division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux
18 West 18th Street, New York 10011
www.fsgbooks.com
Designed by Abby Kagan
eISBN 9781466806115
First eBook Edition : November 2011
Published in 1996 by Hill and Wang
First paperback edition, 1997
The Library of Congress has cataloged the hardcover edition as follows: Berkin, Carol.
First generations : women in colonial America / Carol Berkin; consulting editor, Eric Foner. p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8090-4561-3
1. Women—United States—History—17th century. 2. Women—United States—History—18th century I. Foner, Eric. II. Title. HQ1416.B43 1996 305.42’0973’09032—dc20 96-11686
Paperback ISBN-13: 978-0-8090-1606-8
Paperback ISBN-10: 0-8090-1606-0
Carol Berkin, First Generations
