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Franks, Flora. Testimony. Leopold and Loeb Sentencing Hearing Transcript, Vol. 1, Leopold and Loeb Collection, Box 1, Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University.
Glueck, Dr. Bernard. Testimony. Leopold and Loeb Sentencing Hearing Transcript, Vol. 3, Leopold and Loeb Collection, Box 2, Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University.
Goldstein, Alvin H. Testimony. Leopold and Loeb Sentencing Hearing Transcript, Vol. 1, Leopold and Loeb Collection, Box 1, Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University.
Gortland, James. Testimony. Leopold and Loeb Sentencing Hearing Transcript, Vol. 1, Leopold and Loeb Collection, Box 1, Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University.
Gresham, Edwin. Testimony. Leopold and Loeb Sentencing Hearing Transcript, Vol. 1, Leopold and Loeb Collection, Box 1, Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University.
Healy, Dr. William. Testimony. Leopold and Loeb Sentencing Hearing Transcript, Vol. 3, Leopold and Loeb Collection, Box 2, Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University.
Hektoen, Ludwig. “The Coroner (in Cook County).” In The Illinois Crime Survey. Chicago: Illinois Association for Criminal Justice, 1929.
Herndon, William. Testimony. Leopold and Loeb Sentencing Hearing Transcript, Vol. 1, Leopold and Loeb Collection, Box 1, Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University.
Hulbert, Dr. Harold S. Testimony. Leopold and Loeb Sentencing Hearing Transcript, Vol. 4, Leopold and Loeb Collection, Box 2, Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University.
Hulbert, Dr. Harold S., and Dr. Karl Bowman. “Neuro-Psychiatric Evaluation of Nathan F. Leopold Jr.” Harold S. Hulbert Papers, Series 55/23, Box 2, University Archives, Northwestern University.
Hulbert, Dr. Harold S., and Dr. Karl Bowman. “Neuro-Psychiatric Evaluation of Richard Loeb.” Harold S. Hulbert Papers, Series 55/23, Box 2, University Archives, Northwestern University.
Johnson, Frank A. Testimony. Leopold and Loeb Sentencing Hearing Transcript, Vol. 1, Leopold and Loeb Collection, Box 1, Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University.
Kogan, Herman. “Profile of Robert Crowe.” Chicago Sun-Times, August 20, 1945, in Hal Higdon Research Papers on the Leopold and Loeb Case, Series 4, Box 2, Chicago History Museum.
Krohn, Dr. William O. Testimony. Hal Higdon Research Papers on the Leopold and Loeb Case, Series 4, Box 2, Chicago History Museum.
Leopold, Nathan F., Jr. “Confessions and Other Statements of Leopold and Loeb (1924).” Harold S. Hulbert Papers, Series 55/23, Box 3, University Archives, Northwestern University.
Leopold, Nathan F., Jr. “Original Manuscript of Life Plus 99 Years.” Nathan F. Leopold Papers, Series 4, Box 22, Chicago History Museum.
Leopold, Nathan F., Jr., to Richard Loeb, October 9, 1923. Leopold and Loeb Sentencing Hearing Transcript, Vol. 2, Leopold and Loeb Collection, Box 1, Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University.
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SECONDARY SOURCES
BOOKS
Barrett, Nina. The Leopold and Loeb Files: An Intimate Look at One of America’s Most Infamous Cases. Chicago: Midway Press, 2018.
Bruccoli, Matthew J. Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2002.
Fass, Paula S. The Damned and the Beautiful: American Youth in the 1920s. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.
Folsom, Robert G. The Money Trail: How Elmer Irey and His T-Men Brought Down America’s Criminal Elite. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2010.
Franklin, Paul B. “Jew Boys, Queer Boys: Rhetorics of Antisemitism and Homophobia in the Trial of Nathan ‘Babe’ Leopold Jr. and Richard ‘Dickie’ Loeb.” In Queer Theory and the Jewish Question, edited by Daniel Boyarin et al., 133–159. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003.
Higdon, Hal. Leopold and Loeb: The Crime of the Century. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999.
Levin, Meyer. Compulsion. Bedford, NY: Fig Tree Books, 2014.
Levin, Meyer. In Search. New York: Horizon Press, 1950.
Levin, Meyer. The Obsession. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1973.
Murray, George. The Madhouse on Madison Street. Chicago: Follett, 1965.
Shapiro, David L., et al. Retrying Leopold and Loeb: A Neuropsychological Perspective. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2018.
Stone, Irving. Clarence Darrow for the Defense. New York: Doubleday, 1941.
MAGAZINE AND JOURNAL ARTICLES
Baatz, Simon. “Leopold and Loeb’s Criminal Minds.” Smithsonian, August 2008. smithsonianmag.com/history/leopold-and-loebs-criminal-minds-996498.
Cheatwood, Derral. “Capital Punishment for the Crime of Homicide in Chicago.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Spring 2002.
Fass, Paula S. “Making and Remaking an Event: The Leopold and Loeb Case in American Culture.” Journal of American History, December 1993.
OTHER SOURCES
Dolginoff, Stephen. “Everyone Wants Richard,” Thrill Me: The Leopold & Loeb Story, 2005, genius.com/Stephen-dolginoff-and-doug-kreeger-everybody-wants-richard-lyrics.
NOTES
PART ONE: WHERE IS BOBBY?
Chapter One: May 21, 1924
“What are you doing after school?”: John Levinson, interview, Hal Higdon Research Papers on the Leopold and Loeb Case, Series 4, Box 2, Chicago History Museum.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“I’m going to play baseball”: ibid.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“There are some children playing”: Nathan F. Leopold Jr., “Confessions and Other Statements of Leopold and Loeb (1924),” Harold S. Hulbert Papers, Series 55/23, Box 3, University Archives, Northwestern University.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“I know him”: Richard Loeb, “Confessions and Other Statements of Leopold and Loeb (1924),” Harold S. Hulbert Papers, Series 55/23, Box 3, University Archives, Northwestern University.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“Hey, Bob”: ibid.
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“Come on in”: ibid.
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“You know Leopold”: ibid.
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“You don’t mind”: ibid.
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“Certainly not”: ibid.
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Chapter Two: The Longest Night
“Baby”: “Jacob Franks Thinks Slayers of Son Insane,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, June 1, 1924, 4.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“Don’t you realize my age?”: ibid.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“Most criminals have”: “Franks, as Debater, Won on Plea to Save Necks of Murderers,” Chicago Daily Journal, June 4, 1924, 3.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“Maybe he’s playing tennis”: Hal Higdon, Leopold and Loeb: The Crime of the Century, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999, 34.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“There must be some explanation”: ibid., 36.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“Mr. Franks isn’t here”: Flora Franks, testimony, Leopold and Loeb Sentencing Hearing Transcript, Vol. 1, Leopold and Loeb Collection, Box 1, Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“Your son has been kidnapped”: ibid.
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“Who is this?”: ibid.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“Johnson”: ibid.
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“What do you want?”: ibid.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
PART TWO: BOYS WILL BE BOYS
Chapter Three: Nathan and Richard
“tough boys”: “Neuro-Psychiatric Evaluation of Nathan F. Leopold Jr.,” Harold S. Hulbert Papers, Series 55/23, Box 2, University Archives, Northwestern University.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“The idea of nailing anybody to anything”: Higdon, Leopold and Loeb, 197.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“Nathan was a mean child”: “Leopold as Boy Had Mania for Killing Young Birds,” Atlanta Constitution, June 4, 1924, 1.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“I should give a damn”: ibid.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“Nein, nein, Mama!”: “Neuro-Psychiatric Evaluation of Nathan F. Leopold Jr.,” Harold S. Hulbert Papers, Series 55/23, Box 2, University Archives, Northwestern University.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“Sweetie”: ibid.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“Your mother wishes she had a figure”: ibid.
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“a slave”: ibid.
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“king-slave fantasies”: ibid.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“I was devoted to her”: ibid.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“mink coat ghetto”: Higdon, Leopold and Loeb, 18.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“flea”: “Neuro-Psychiatric Evaluation of Nathan F. Leopold Jr.,” Harold S. Hulbert Papers, Series 55/23, Box 2, University Archives, Northwestern University.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“shadowing”: “Neuro-Psychiatric Evaluation of Richard Loeb,” Harold S. Hulbert Papers, Series 55/23, Box 2, University Archives, Northwestern University.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“the master criminal”: ibid.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“built to be important”: Abel Brown, interview, Hal Higdon Research Papers on the Leopold and Loeb Case, Series 4, Box 2, Chicago History Museum.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“mind her to the minute”: “Neuro-Psychiatric Evaluation of Richard Loeb,” Harold S. Hulbert Papers, Series 55/23, Box 2, University Archives, Northwestern University.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“I was kept under”: ibid.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“To get by her”: ibid.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“picturalizations”: Dr. William Healy, testimony, Leopold and Loeb Sentencing Hearing Transcript, Vol. 3, Leopold and Loeb Collection, Box 2, Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections, Northwestern University.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“As you know, Teddy”: Maureen McKernan, The Amazing Crime and Trial of Leopold and Loeb, Birmingham, AL: Notable Trials Library, 1989, 157.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“I sort of broke loose”: “Neuro-Psychiatric Evaluation of Richard Loeb,” Harold S. Hulbert Papers, Series 55/23, Box 2, University Archives, Northwestern University.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
Chapter Four: The Superman and the Master Criminal
“What is happening”: H. N. Dix, “The Youths of America,” Ladies’ Home Journal, October 1920, 67.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“The older generation”: John Carter, “ ‘These Wild Young People’ by One of Them,” Atlantic Monthly, September 1920, 301.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“pathological, nerve-irritating, sex-exciting”: “Jazz Ruining Girls, Declares Reformer—Degrading Music Even Common in ‘Society Circles,’ ” New York American, June 22, 1922, 21.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“Defying the bluenose moralists”: Matthew J. Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2002, 13.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
“Young America is enamored of life”: Paula S. Fass, The Damned and the Beautiful: American Youth in the 1920s, New York: Oxford University Press, 1977, 19.
GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT
